What are the research methods for writing a paper?

What are the research methods for writing a thesis?

What are the research methods for writing thesis? Graduates will choose the most suitable among the many research methods according to their own topics. own research methods, but first you must understand what research methods are. Now I will give you a brief understanding of what research methods include when writing a paper. What are the research methods for writing a paper? 1

Survey method

The survey method is one of the most commonly used methods in scientific research. It is a method of purposefully, plannedly and systematically collecting materials about the actual situation or historical situation of the research object. The survey method is a basic research method commonly used in scientific research. It comprehensively uses methods such as historical method, observation method, and scientific methods such as interviews, questionnaires, case studies, and tests to conduct a planned, thorough and systematic understanding of educational phenomena. And analyze, synthesize, compare, and summarize a large amount of data collected during the investigation to provide people with regular knowledge.

The most commonly used survey method is the questionnaire survey method. It is a research method that collects information by asking written questions. That is, the investigator compiles a table on the survey items. form, distribute or mail it to relevant personnel, ask for instructions to fill in the answers, and then collect, compile, collect statistics and research.

Observation method

The observation method means that the researcher uses his or her own senses and auxiliary tools to directly observe the object being studied according to a certain research purpose, research outline or observation table, thereby obtaining a method of data. Scientific observation is purposeful, planned, systematic and repeatable. In scientific experiments and surveys, observation method has the following functions: ① Expand people's perceptual understanding. ②Inspire people’s thinking. ③Lead to new discoveries.

Experimental method

Experimental method is a scientific research method that discovers and confirms the causal connections between things by changing main branches and controlling research objects. Its main characteristics are: first, proactive and transformative. Observation and investigation are based on understanding the research object and discovering problems within it without interfering with the research object. However, experiments require the active manipulation of experimental conditions, artificially changing the object's existence and change process, and making it subject to the needs of scientific understanding. Second, control. Scientific experiments require the use of various methods and techniques to reduce or eliminate the interference of various irrelevant factors that may affect science according to the needs of research, and to understand the research object in a simplified and purified state. Third, causality. Experiment is an effective tool and necessary way to discover and confirm the causal connection between things.

Literature research method

Literature research method is a method of obtaining information by investigating literature according to a certain research purpose or topic, so as to comprehensively and correctly understand the research problem to be studied. method. The literature research method is widely used in research in various disciplines. Its functions are: ① It can understand the history and current situation of relevant issues and help determine research topics. ② It can form a general impression about the research object, which is helpful for observation and interview. ③ Able to obtain comparative data of actual data. ④It helps to understand the whole picture of things.

Empirical research method

Empirical research method is a special form of scientific practice research. It proposes a design based on existing scientific theories and practical needs, uses scientific instruments and equipment, and determines it through purposeful and step-by-step manipulation under natural conditions, based on observation, recording, and measurement of changes in phenomena accompanying this. The activity of causal relationships between conditions and phenomena. The main purpose is to illustrate the relationship between various independent variables and a certain dependent variable.

Quantitative analysis method

In scientific research, quantitative analysis method can further refine people’s understanding of the research object, so as to reveal the rules more scientifically, grasp the essence, and clarify relationship and predict the development trend of things.

Qualitative analysis method

Qualitative analysis method is to conduct a "qualitative" analysis of the research object. Specifically, it uses methods such as induction and deduction, analysis and synthesis, and abstraction and generalization to mentally process the various materials obtained, so as to eliminate the rough and select the essential, remove the false and retain the true, and go from here to there, from the outside to the inside, to achieve understanding of the essence of things. Reveal inner laws.

Interdisciplinary research method

A method that uses multidisciplinary theories, methods and results to conduct comprehensive research on a certain topic as a whole, also called "cross-disciplinary research method". The law of scientific development movement shows that science is highly differentiated and highly integrated, forming a unified whole. According to statistics from relevant experts, there are now more than 2,000 disciplines in the world, and the trend of disciplinary differentiation is still intensifying. However, at the same time, the connections between disciplines are getting closer and closer, and there is an increasingly unified trend in terms of language, methods and certain concepts. trend.

Case study method

The case study method is a research method that identifies a specific object among the research objects, investigates and analyzes it, and understands its characteristics and its formation process.

There are three basic types of case studies: (1) individual investigation, which is to conduct investigation and research on an individual in the organization; (2) group investigation, which is to conduct investigation and research on an organization or group; (3) problem investigation, which is to conduct investigation and research on an organization or group. Investigate a certain phenomenon or problem.

Functional analysis method

Functional analysis method is a method used by social sciences to analyze social phenomena and is one of the commonly used analysis methods in social surveys. It explains social phenomena by explaining how they meet the needs of a social system (that is, what functions they have).

Quantitative research method

Quantitative research method is also called "statistical analysis method" and "quantitative analysis method", which refers to the quantitative relationship through the scale, speed, scope, degree and other aspects of the research object. A research method that analyzes and researches, understands and reveals the interrelationships, change patterns and development trends between things, so as to achieve the correct explanation and prediction of things.

Simulation method (model method)

The simulation method is a description method that first creates a similar model based on the main characteristics of the prototype, and then indirectly studies the prototype through the model. According to the similar relationship between the model and the prototype, the simulation method can be divided into two types: physical simulation and mathematical simulation.

Exploratory research method

Exploratory research method is a high-level scientific research activity. It uses known information to explore and create new knowledge to produce novel and unique results or products.

Information research method

Information research method is a scientific research method that uses information to study system functions. Wiener, an American mathematician, communications engineer, and physiologist, believes that there is a universal connection in the objective world, that is, information connection. Currently, we are in a new era of "information revolution", and there are a large number of information resources that can be developed and utilized. Information method is based on the principles of information theory, system theory, and cybernetics, and acquires knowledge through the collection, transmission, processing, and organization of information, and applies it to practice to achieve new goals. Information method is a new scientific research method that uses information to study system functions, reveal deeper laws of things, and help people improve and master their ability to apply laws.

Experience summary method

Experience summary method is a method that summarizes and analyzes the specific situations in practical activities to systematize and theorize them and elevate them to experience. . Summarizing and promoting advanced experience is one of the more effective leadership methods that has been used for a long time in human history.

Descriptive research method

Descriptive research method is a simple research method. It narrates and verifies existing phenomena, laws and theories through its own understanding and verification. Explain it. It is a general description of various theories and more of an explanation of other people's arguments, but it is essential in scientific research. It can ask questions in a directional way, reveal shortcomings, describe phenomena, and introduce experiences. It is conducive to popularization work. It has many examples, including revealing investigations of various situations; explanations of practical problems; and some explanations of certain current situations. views etc.

Mathematical method

Mathematical method is to use mathematical tools to conduct a series of quantitative processing on the research object while leaving aside all other characteristics of the research object, so as to make correct explanations and Judgment and obtain results expressed in numerical form. The object of scientific research is the unity of quality and quantity. Their quality and quantity are closely related, and qualitative changes and quantitative changes restrict each other. To achieve true scientific understanding, we must not only study the stipulations of quality, but also pay attention to the inspection and analysis of their quantity, so as to more accurately understand the essential characteristics of the research object. Mathematical methods mainly include statistical processing and fuzzy mathematical analysis methods.

Thinking methods

Thinking methods are important tools for people to think correctly and express their thoughts accurately. The most commonly used scientific thinking methods in scientific research include induction, deduction, analogical reasoning, and abstract generalization. , thinking and imagination, analysis and synthesis, etc. It has universal guiding significance for all scientific research.

Systems science methods

In the 20th century, the rapid development of horizontal sciences such as systems theory, cybernetics, and information theory provided a powerful means for the development of comprehensive ways of thinking, making scientific research methods continuously The ground is perfect. The systems scientific methods represented by systems theory methods, cybernetics methods and information theory methods provide powerful subjective means for human scientific understanding. It not only breaks through the limitations of traditional methods, but also profoundly changes the system of scientific methodology. These new methods can be used as empirical methods, as methods of obtaining perceptual materials, or as theoretical methods, as methods of analyzing perceptual materials to rise to rational understanding, and the role of the latter is more obvious than the former. They are applicable to all stages of scientific understanding, therefore, we call it a systematic scientific method. What are the contents of research methods for writing papers 2

1. Normative research method

The general method of accounting theory research, which is based on certain values ??or economic theories on economic actors It is an analytical method that evaluates the behavioral results and the system or policy that produces this result, and answers what the behavior of economic actors should be.

2. Empirical research method

Empirical research method is to understand objective phenomena and provide people with practical, useful, certain and accurate knowledge research methods. Its focus is to study the phenomenon itself "is What" question. Empirical research methods try to transcend or exclude value judgments, only reveal the internal components of objective phenomena and the universal connections among factors, and summarize the essence of the phenomenon and its operating rules.

3. Case analysis method

The case analysis method refers to taking problems that arise in actual work as cases and giving them to trainees to study and analyze, so as to cultivate their analytical and judgment abilities. , training methods for problem solving and business execution abilities, specifically:

4. Comparative analysis method

It is to prompt the difference between the actual number and the base number through the comparison of the actual number and the base number. An analytical method to understand the differences in economic activities and problems. Often used in scientific inquiry activities, it is similar to the equivalent substitution method.

5. Thinking methods

Thinking methods are important tools for people to think correctly and express their thoughts accurately. The most commonly used scientific thinking methods in scientific research include induction, deduction, analogical reasoning, Abstract summarization, speculation and imagination, analysis and synthesis, etc., have universal guiding significance for all scientific research.

6. Content analysis method

Content analysis method is a research method that objectively, systematically and quantitatively describes the communication content. Its essence is the analysis of the amount of information contained in the communication content and its changes, that is, the process of inferring the accurate meaning from the meaningful words and sentences represented. The process of content analysis is a process of layer-by-layer reasoning.

7. Document Analysis Method

Document analysis method mainly refers to the method of collecting, identifying, organizing documents, and forming a scientific understanding of facts through the study of documents. Document analysis is an economical and effective information collection method that obtains work information through a systematic analysis of existing work-related literature. Generally used to collect original information about the work and prepare a first draft of the task list.

8. Mathematical methods

Mathematical methods are to use mathematical tools to perform a series of processing on the research object without removing all other special properties of the research object, so as to make conclusions about it. Correct explanation and judgment, and express the results in numerical form. The object of scientific research is the unity of quality and quantity. Their quality and quantity are closely related. Qualitative change and quantitative change are mutually restrictive. To achieve true scientific understanding, we must not only study the qualitative stipulations, but also pay attention to the inspection and analysis of their quantities, so as to more accurately understand the essential characteristics of the research objects. Mathematical methods include statistical processing and fuzzy mathematical analysis methods.