What is inclusive finance?

The concept of inclusive finance was put forward by the United Nations in 2005, which refers to providing appropriate and effective financial services to all social strata and groups in need of financial services at an affordable cost. 20 16 government work report puts forward "developing inclusive finance vigorously". The service targets are small and micro enterprises, farmers, urban low-income people, the poor, the disabled, the elderly and other special groups.

Five banks set up inclusive finance business department.

20 17 "government work report" mentioned that large and medium-sized commercial banks should be encouraged to set up inclusive finance business departments, and large state-owned banks should take the lead in doing so, and implement differentiated assessment methods and support policies to effectively alleviate the financing difficulties and expensive financing problems of small and medium-sized enterprises. On may 3rd, 20 17, Li Keqiang presided over the the State Council executive meeting, explicitly requiring large commercial banks to complete the establishment of inclusive finance business department within 20 17 years.

"Financial institutions can't just look at big companies and don't look at small companies, let alone' send umbrellas in sunny days and withdraw umbrellas in rainy days'!" Li Keqiang pointed out at the executive meeting on May 3, 20 17 that "it is necessary to improve the coverage and accessibility of financial services and provide effective support for the real economy by developing inclusive finance." The Prime Minister said: "Large commercial banks must establish correct concepts and become the backbone of inclusive finance. You are duty bound! "

The five major state-owned commercial banks all indicated that the next step would be to speed up the construction of inclusive finance's business department. ICBC will expand its inclusive finance business unit to all tier-one (directly affiliated) branches, and plans to establish 230 microfinance franchises in tier-two branches or key branches before the end of the year. Taking the credit business with an exposure of less than 20 million yuan (inclusive) as a breakthrough, Bank of Communications established the mechanism of "franchise team+traditional outlets" and gradually promoted the business division system model.

Relying on the resources of China Bank Group, China Bank established inclusive finance Business Department on the basis of China Bank and Fu Deng Rural Bank in advance.

Li Keqiang has repeatedly said that the development of inclusive finance needs not only the efforts of financial institutions and the support of relevant supporting policies, but also more perfect supervision policies: on the one hand, it is necessary to supervise whether the loans are really oriented to the real economy, especially the "three rural issues" and small and medium-sized enterprises, on the other hand, it is also necessary to pay attention to the corresponding risk points and prompt them in time.

By the end of June, 2007, the five state-owned commercial banks, namely, industry, agriculture, China, China Construction Bank and Shanghai Communications Bank, had all issued specific plans for setting up inclusive finance business department, and the inclusive finance business department of the head office was officially listed.

In addition to establishing relevant departments, the five major state-owned commercial banks have also begun to explore and improve their management systems. In 20 17, China Construction Bank set up a new inclusive finance indicator in the KPI assessment system of tier-one branches, which initially included the financing services of small and micro enterprises, agriculture-related businesses, individual entrepreneurship and other major groups involved in inclusive finance.

China Agricultural Bank copied the mature business department system of serving agriculture, countryside and farmers to inclusive finance, and formed the service system of "Agriculture, Countryside and Farmers Finance Department+inclusive finance Business Department".

Extended data:

Inclusive finance targeted cuts to required reserve ratios was fully implemented on 2065438+0865438+1October 25th.

20 18 65438+ 10/712: 30, the People's Bank of China (PBOC) announced in its official Weibo "Central Bank Microbroadcast" that on September 30th, 20 17, the People's Bank of China released.

On September 30th, 20 17, the central bank announced the implementation of inclusive finance's targeted cuts to required reserve ratios policy from 20 18: in order to support financial institutions to develop their business in inclusive finance, it will focus on supporting a single loan for small and micro enterprises with a credit of less than 5 million yuan, loans for individual industrial and commercial households and owners of small and micro enterprises, loans for farmers' production and operation, loans for business start-ups, loans for poor people and education loans.

For commercial banks whose loan increment or balance accounts for a certain proportion of the total loan increment or balance, the targeted cuts to required reserve ratios policy shall be uniformly implemented.

In 20 14, the central bank introduced the evaluation mechanism of directional reduction of deposit reserve ratio, which has been implemented for more than three years. Through the implementation of preferential reserve ratio for commercial banks that meet the requirements of prudent operation and meet the loan standards for agriculture, rural areas and small and micro enterprises, the reserve ratio is dynamically adjusted every year according to the loan situation of commercial banks, and a positive incentive mechanism is established to guide commercial banks to improve and optimize their credit structure and enhance their support for agriculture, rural areas and small and micro enterprises.

Compared with the original downward adjustment of the deposit reserve ratio, the targeted downward adjustment of the deposit reserve ratio in inclusive finance, which will end on June 25th, is an expansion and optimization of the original downward adjustment of the deposit reserve ratio according to the deployment of the State Council, so as to better guide financial institutions to develop their business in inclusive finance.

It is noteworthy that after the central bank issued the Notice of the People's Bank of China on the Directional Reduction of the Deposit Reserve Ratio in inclusive finance on September 30, 2065438+2007, the market predicted that the directional reduction of the deposit reserve ratio would release 800 billion yuan of liquidity, but later the market generally believed that the actual scale might be 300-380 billion yuan, far lower than the previous forecast. The capital scale of 300 billion yuan is even lower than the recent medium-term loan facility (MLF).

Regarding the impact of inclusive finance's directional reduction of the deposit reserve ratio on monetary policy and liquidity, some market researchers believe that when the policy was introduced, "almost comprehensive RRR cut" was equivalent to "comprehensive RRR cut by 0.5 percentage points". Subsequently, the British Financial Times directly under the central bank wrote that the directional reduction of the deposit reserve ratio was only a fine-tuning policy, not a disguised comprehensive RRR cut.

The relevant person in charge of the central bank also said earlier that the implementation of the targeted reduction of the deposit reserve ratio policy for inclusive finance will not change the overall orientation of prudent monetary policy. At the same time, the liquidity released by targeted cuts to required reserve ratios's policies also meets the requirements of aggregate regulation, and liquidity in the banking system remains basically stable.

According to the regulations of the central bank, inclusive finance has retained two original assessment criteria for implementing the targeted cuts to required reserve ratios policy: if the loan balance or increment reached 1.5% last year, the deposit reserve ratio can be lowered by 0.5 percentage point on the basis of the benchmark document published by the People's Bank of China; In the previous year, the balance or increment of the above-mentioned loans reached 10%, and the deposit reserve ratio can be further lowered 1 percentage point on the basis of the first tranche according to the progressive principle.

Among them, the first assessment standard basically adapts to the actual lending situation of most commercial banks in inclusive finance, which helps to encourage them to continuously tilt their credit resources to inclusive finance.

Regarding the second assessment standard, the central bank bluntly said, "This standard is relatively high, which can only be achieved by commercial banks with high loan balances in inclusive finance, but it is conducive to establishing a positive incentive mechanism, which is also the proper meaning of the policy topic of directionally lowering the deposit reserve ratio."

According to the regulations of the central bank, state-owned commercial banks, China Postal Savings Bank, joint-stock commercial banks, city commercial banks, non-county rural commercial banks and foreign banks are all eligible to participate in the evaluation of the implementation of inclusive finance's loan targeted cuts to required reserve ratios policy. At the same time, in order to enjoy the directional reduction of the statutory reserve ratio, banks must meet the macro-prudential management standards: the macro-prudential assessment (MPA) rating in the last three quarters (inclusive) is above Grade B (inclusive).

Baidu Encyclopedia-inclusive finance