Structure and power of traditional rural society and its relationship with cultural spirit

Structure and power of traditional rural society and its relationship with cultural spirit

Paper Keywords: religious rights, clan rights, rural relations.

This paper discusses the structure of rural social differentiation pattern in China and the power of traditional rural society. Imperial power, religious power, clan power, gentry power and their relations, right? Family values? 、? Familialism? 、? General thoughts? 、? Views on local relations? China rural traditional culture is discussed separately, and the relationship between the structure and power of traditional rural society and cultural spirit is analyzed. Finally, it is concluded that the structure and power of rural society exist in the cultural spiritual network.

Rural China is a society with strong local flavor. Prasenjit duara's Culture, Power and State? 1900- 1942 China's North China rural area and Yang Maochun's A China village? Shandong Taitou describes the relationship between local power and culture in China from a cultural perspective. What is the relationship between the structure and power of traditional rural society and its cultural spirit? This paper analyzes all aspects of rural society.

First, the structure and power of traditional rural society

(A) the structure of traditional rural society? Differential sequence mode

In rural areas of China, there are various formal or informal organizations, such as various markets, religions, clans, and some mutually beneficial organizations in rural areas. The social structure of traditional villages in China is that people live in an intricate cultural network composed of various clans, religions and formal and informal organizations. Fei Xiaotong once described the characteristics of traditional rural social relations in China as? Differential sequence mode? , here? Differential sequence mode? How far and how close are people's social relations in China? Blood? And then what? Geography? , especially? Blood? The influence of.

The difference pattern in the traditional rural structure of China is very flexible. In rural areas, families can be small, but when it comes to rich landlords and bureaucrats, they can be as big as small countries. Therefore, the flexibility of the differential order pattern makes the social circle bigger and smaller because of the change of central power.

(2) The power of traditional rural society-imperial power, religious power, clan power and gentry power.

1. imperial power. Fundamentally speaking, the coercive power of laws in centralized countries is everywhere, that is, imperial power is everywhere. However, under the rule of traditional China, the feudal imperial power often only extended to the county level.

2. Clan rights. Traditional rural areas in China are a kind of social isomorphism based on clan. Patriarchal relationship is a kind of social relationship with strong regionality based on clan pedigree. In the traditional rural society, the patriarchal clan system is a very important relationship for individuals. People in any rural area always rely on their families to establish their position in this social unity. In a relatively closed social environment, patriarchal relations support a stable social structure.

3. Religious rights. The traditional rural society in China is full of strong religious complex. China's religions have their own unique forms. Compared with the West, China's religion lacks religious sense. It is a truly secular religion. Satisfied people's yearning and pursuit for a better future. In rural society, there is a belief system characterized by polytheism. Paying attention to secular motives is the main feature of local people's belief psychology.

4. aristocratic power. In rural areas, as the leading force of social control, it is the squire. There is a saying in China: Keep your back against a big tree to enjoy the cool. This sentence reveals the essence of social control in rural areas of China. The squire used various cultural ceremonies as tools and means of his control. In the eyes of ordinary villagers, their wealth and knowledge are the embodiment of authority and fairness. Generally speaking, old old? Xiang Xian? Or? Zuxian? Authority or power is mainly rooted in local traditions, but it is related to? Xiang Xian? Or? Zuxian? In contrast, the elderly are more recognized by state power, which also reflects the basic recognition of traditional patriarchal clan system by feudal centralized state organizations.

Third, the cultural spirit of traditional rural society.

The main body of rural traditional culture in China should be those things that are integrated into the blood of farmers in China and cannot be easily changed, such as? Family values? 、? Familialism? 、? General thoughts? 、? Views on local relations? And so on, they reflect the deep value orientation of farmers' consciousness in China and the behavior mode under this value orientation. Even in the most developed and open rural areas in China, we can still feel its strong vitality.

The consciousness of small farmers is considered as the most typical cultural feature of farmers in China. Someone pointed out? Consciousness of small farmers? Its core is conservatism, narrow utilitarianism and closeness, but it is the spiritual tradition of farmers in China.

Egalitarianism is widespread in rural society in China. This egalitarianism is China farmers' rebellion against China's feudal system for thousands of years, and psychological compensation for their dissatisfaction with the real society.

Family values are the result of China ancestors' rational choice in long-term production and life practice, and they have been unbreakable for thousands of years under the advocacy of China's Confucianism. For China society, the family is the constituent element of society, while for individuals, the family is the basic interest group and the object that must be served.

The traditional forms of rural cooperation in China are consanguineous families and geographical neighbors. This relationship between people based on consanguinity and geography is characterized by rich oriental culture? Local relations? .

Fourth, the relationship between structure and power and cultural spirit.

In the process of the country extending to the countryside, there is friction and integration between the rational system and the traditional culture. Power relations do not originate from a specific factor, but are diversified and inextricably linked with culture and economy. Therefore, we look at power and cannot recognize it in isolation. This ability is manifested through the cultural network widely existing in rural areas of China. Power is not only a compulsion and obedience, but also a certain interpersonal relationship and an interactive relationship between people.

What did prasenjit duara understand? Cultural network of power? Make such a definition: the authority of various networks based on various traditional organizations, norms and etiquette. This kind of network seems invisible, but in fact it covers the whole rural society and restricts and controls people's behavior. Cultural network brings imperial power, gentleman culture and villagers' society into a * * framework, and connects abstract general concepts such as power and rule with the unique cultural system in China, thus revealing the foundation of authority in rural society in China.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) conclusion

Based on the above analysis, we know that in the traditional rural society, due to the relative closure of its region and the weakening of feudal social ruling form, the control power of rural society actually exists in the cultural network composed of various folk cultural forms, and the ruling authority comes from this intricate cultural network. This kind of authority is either the dominant authority of karis Ma's leadership temperament or the traditional dominant authority. These two kinds of authorities rely on personal charm or hereditary status, in fact, they rely on various grass-roots cultural traditions formed in rural society for a long time to manage and rule rural communities. Traditional villages are regarded as small bodies with high value recognition and moral cohesion, and the interpersonal relationship among them is warm and harmonious.

References:

[1] David? Popenoe. Sociology (1) [M]. Shenyang: Liaoning People's Publishing House, 1987.

[2] Fei Xiaotong. China birth system [M]. Beijing: Peking University Publishing House, 1998.

[3] Fei Xiaotong. The pattern of difference order in China [M]. Beijing: Peking University Publishing House, 1998.

[4] Yu Enhai. The rationality of farmers in China [J]. social science forum, 2002, (12).

[5] prasenjit duara. Culture, Power and State? Rural areas in North China 1900 to 1942 [M]. Nanjing: Jiangsu People's Publishing House, 2003.

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