What are the components of computer hardware? What is the function of each part?

A computer consists of five logical components: arithmetic unit, controller, memory, input device and output device.

Arithmetic unit: Arithmetic unit consists of arithmetic logic unit (ALU), accumulator, status register and general register group. The basic functions of arithmetic logic operation unit (ALU) are four operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication and division, logical operations such as AND, OR, NOR and XOR, and operations such as shift and complement.

Controller: The controller is the control center of the whole computer system. It directs the coordination of all parts of the computer to ensure that the computer runs and processes in an orderly manner according to the predetermined goals and steps.

Memory: Memory is a storage device in a computer system, which is used to store programs and data.

Input device: A device that inputs data and information to a computer. It is a bridge between computer and users or other equipment. Input device is one of the main devices for information exchange between users and computer systems.

Output device: Output device is the terminal device of computer, which is used to receive the output display, printing and sound of computer data and control the operation of peripheral devices. It also represents various calculation result data or information in the form of numbers, characters, images and sounds.

Extended data:

The five major parts of computer hardware can be divided into motherboard, CPU, memory, power supply, graphics card, sound card, network card, hard disk, floppy disk drive, CD-ROM drive, monitor, keyboard, mouse and other devices.

The motherboard consists of various interfaces, expansion slots, sockets and chips. Its function is to establish a reliable and correct installation and operation environment for CPU, memory stick, graphics card and other components in microcomputer system under the control of BIOS and operating system, and to provide convenient and reliable connection interfaces for various ide interface storage and other external devices.

The interface standard of CPU is divided into two categories: one is socket type and the other is slot type. Its main performance indicators: main frequency, front-end bus frequency, capacity and speed of L 1 and L2Cache, supported extended instruction set, CPU core working voltage address bus width, etc.

Memory is a semiconductor storage unit for storing data and instructions in a computer system. According to the purpose, it can be divided into main memory and auxiliary memory. According to the working principle, it is divided into ROM and RAM.

Baidu Encyclopedia-Computer Hardware