What are the new e-commerce models? What are their characteristics?

E-commerce mode refers to the basic way for enterprises to use the internet to carry out business and obtain operating income; The traditional view is to integrate the e-commerce modes of enterprises, which can be summarized into seven business modes: B2C (business-to-consumer), B2B (business-to-business), C2B (consumer-to-consumer), B2G (business-to-government), BMC (commercial media consumer) and ABC (agent commercial consumer). [ 1]

E-commerce model With the continuous expansion of its application fields and the continuous innovation of information service methods, the types of e-commerce are also emerging one after another, which can be mainly divided into the following four types:

1. Business to consumer (B2C). Such as Taobao.

2. Business-to-business (B2B) between enterprises, such as enterprise exchange networks.

3. Consumer to consumer (C2C). C2C business platform is to provide an online trading platform for buyers and sellers, so that sellers can actively provide online auction of goods, and buyers can choose their own goods for bidding. Such as: 58 second-hand market in the same city.

4. Online to offline e-commerce (O2O) is between offline commerce and the Internet. In this way, offline services can attract customers online, consumers can screen services online, and transactions can be settled online, which will soon reach scale. The most important feature of this model is that the promotion effect can be checked and every transaction can be tracked.

office to customer

B2C transactions between enterprises and consumers. This is a form in which consumers directly participate in economic activities by using the Internet, which is similar to electronic retail business. With the emergence of the Internet, online sales have developed rapidly. Its representative is the Amazon e-commerce model.

B2C refers to enterprises selling products or services to individual consumers through the Internet. Enterprise manufacturers directly push products or services to the Internet, and provide sufficient information and convenient interface to attract consumers to buy. This is also the most common operation mode at present, such as online shopping, online ordering operation of securities companies, and information inquiry operation of general websites. All belong to the operating mode of direct contact with customers. It can be the following four business models:

(1). Portal: for example, Yahoo!

⑵. Virtual communities: Virtual communities pay attention to customers' needs and have three characteristics-paying attention to buyers and consumers instead of sellers, good trust relationship, innovation and taking risks.

(3) Transaction aggregator: E-commerce means buying and selling.

(4). Advertising network.

5. Online and offline combination mode (online to offline)

Enterprise to enterprise

Business to business (B2B) between enterprises. B2B is the most widely used and valuable form of e-commerce. Enterprises can use the Internet or other networks to find the best partner for each transaction and complete all transactions from ordering to settlement. Its representative is Ma Yun's Alibaba e-commerce model.

B2B e-commerce refers to the e-commerce activities between enterprises with enterprises as the main body. B2B e-commerce is the mainstream of e-commerce, and it is also the main method for enterprises to improve competitive conditions and establish competitive advantages in the face of fierce market competition. The development of e-commerce will enable enterprises to have unlimited business opportunities, which is also the only way for enterprises to survive and develop, and can make enterprises in a more favorable position in the competition. B2B e-commerce will bring enterprises lower prices, higher productivity, lower labor costs and more business opportunities.

B2B is mainly aimed at information integration within enterprises and between enterprises (b) and upstream and downstream third parties (b), and business-to-business transactions are conducted on the Internet. The integration of supply chain can be realized by combining the upstream and downstream of the industry with manufacturers by using intranet and extranet. Therefore, B2B business model can not only simplify the information circulation cost within enterprises, but also make the transaction process between enterprises faster and reduce the cost loss.

From consumer to consumer

Consumer to consumer (C2C). C2C business platform is to provide an online trading platform for buyers and sellers, so that sellers can actively provide online auction of goods, and buyers can choose their own goods for bidding. Its representative is the e-commerce model of Yi Bei and Taobao.

C2C refers to the interactive trading behavior between consumers, which is changeable. For example, consumers can bid online on a bidding website or auction website, and the highest bidder wins the bid. Or consumers issue notices on online news forums or BBS to sell second-hand goods, or even new products. This transaction completed due to the interaction between consumers is C2C transaction.

At present, bidding auction has become one of the most effective methods to determine the price of rare goods. For antiques, celebrity items and rare stamps, as long as the demand side is greater than the supply side, the auction model can be used to determine the best market price. Because of the comparison between buyers, the price of auction goods has gradually increased. Finally, the buyer who wants to buy the goods most buys the goods at the highest price, while the seller sells the goods at the highest price acceptable to the market. This is the traditional C2C bidding model.

2C bidding website, the bidding items are diverse and unlimited, and the commodity providers can be children next door or top multinational companies; Commodities can be homemade cakes or original paintings by Picasso. C2C is not limited to the trading of goods and money. In this virtual website, buyers and sellers can choose to barter or exchange goods with human resources. For example, a housewife prepares a banquet service in exchange for a quiet trip by a psychiatrist. This is the charm of participating in online bidding transactions. Website operators are not responsible for logistics, but help to collect market information and establish a credit rating system. When buyers and sellers look at each other and discuss the delivery and payment methods by themselves, everyone can create a surprising transaction.

C2B

Electronic commerce between consumers and enterprises (C2B). This is an innovative e-commerce model, which is different from the traditional supplier-led goods. This is to form a special group by gathering consumers with similar or identical needs, and through collective bargaining, the more consumers buy, the lower the price.

C2B is a way for businesses to find suitable consumers through the Internet and truly realize customized consumption. For consumers, it is an idealized consumption pattern. For example, group buying is in full swing at the moment.

government

E-commerce between enterprises and governments covers various affairs between governments and enterprises, including government procurement, taxation, commodity inspection, the issuance of management regulations, and the promulgation of laws and policies. On the one hand, the government, as a consumer, can publish its own purchase list through the Internet, and complete the purchase of needed items openly, transparently, efficiently and cleanly; On the other hand, the government's macro-control, guidance and control, supervision and management functions of enterprises can be fully and timely exerted by e-commerce through the network. With the help of information technology such as network, government functional departments can obtain the required information in a timely and comprehensive manner, make correct decisions and respond quickly, and can quickly and directly convey policies, regulations and regulatory information to enterprises, thus playing the role of management and service. In e-commerce, the government also plays an important role in promoting, managing and regulating e-commerce.

Bulkmoldingcompounds (bulk molding compounds)

The e-commerce model among enterprises, intermediate supervision and consumers refers to BMC model, which is a brand-new e-commerce model. BMC is the abbreviation of English Business-Medium-Consumer. It took the lead in integrating the advantages of traditional e-commerce modes such as mass marketing, chain operation, interpersonal network and finance with traditional e-commerce (B2B, B2C, C2C and C2B), and solved the development bottleneck of traditional e-commerce modes such as B2B, B2C, C2C and C2B. It is a comprehensive e-commerce model of B2M and M2C, namely B2M+.

Among them, Medium is a third-party supervision platform, which refers to an air link and bridge between enterprises and consumers. It is a multi-dimensional and infinitely convertible connection point. According to different needs, the website is organically combined with consumers, institutions and terminals, enterprises and channel agents to form an interactive interest and create a great platform for * * *. It is a new e-commerce model that provides enterprises with third-party quality monitoring, multimedia integration and promotion, national participation, protection of enterprise/consumer rights and interests, change the network credit crisis and reduce enterprise operating costs through a third-party supervision platform.

BMC's business model was originally initiated by Pacific Direct Purchase Network. The new BMC model is committed to providing people with an excellent e-commerce platform of "high information circulation+high transaction integrity+wide transaction scope+diversified transaction objects", successfully integrating the commodity resources, service resources, capital resources and network resources of consumers, suppliers and honest channel providers, maximizing the protection of consumers' consumption rights and interests, and creating a win-win situation for society, businesses and consumers.

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principle of operation

◆ Stage (1)-is the "supply chain" and "distributor" between automation management enterprises. Through the Internet, we can not only save costs and improve efficiency, but also have the opportunity to develop new markets and exchange business transaction information between enterprises, such as purchase orders, commercial invoices and confirmation notices.

Stage (1) → (2) This data exchange protocol is called Electronic Data Interchange (EDI), and its operation mode is that each field of the spreadsheet corresponds to each part of the written form of commercial transactions one by one, just like all purchase orders and transaction records are recorded in the database.

Stage (3)- Electronic fund transfer, such as automatic fund transfer between banks and their enterprises.

◆ Stage (4)-After all delivery requirements are processed in the database, the logistics distribution requirements will be automatically completed.

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Mode change

First, the change of application mode, the integration of ERP and e-commerce, and the formation of the whole process of e-commerce model;

Importance of integration of e-commerce and ERP system

For enterprises, e-commerce and ERP systems are just like the front and rear on the battlefield, and they are closely related. For example, after an enterprise obtains a user's order through the online mall, it can immediately transfer the order information to the internal ERP system for the organization and coordination among departments such as procurement, calculation, finance, invoicing software, and the accounting of inventory, funds and sales. If the front-end mall system is out of touch with the back-end ERP system, the information flow and data will be relatively closed and independent, and it will be impossible to circulate and integrate. The order information and market information obtained by the e-commerce platform will not be transmitted to the back-end ERP system, and the front-end and back-end information will be completely out of touch.

The consequence is that the information flow, capital flow and logistics of enterprises can't be organically unified, the invoicing software can't guarantee the consistency, integrity and accuracy of data, and the small and medium-sized enterprises can't respond to users' needs quickly and timely, reducing work efficiency and increasing operating costs, which does more harm than good.

Therefore, the integration and docking of e-commerce online mall and enterprise ERP system is imminent and can not be ignored.

How to integrate e-commerce and ERP system

Invoicing software is integrated with e-commerce platform through ERP system, which can reduce operating costs and improve work efficiency, and has strong competitiveness for the whole enterprise. Looking at the products on the market, 366EC's online store bookkeeping collaboration system-the all-pass of the housekeeper can be realized. All-pass is a "transit chain" developed for users of dual-core online shop system and housekeeper invoicing software, which can realize the synchronous management of product information, member information, warehouse and inventory, orders and other contents between online shop system and housekeeper brilliant series, so as to realize unified management and configuration, simplify user operation, improve work efficiency and create value for enterprises. [2]

The second is the change of consumption pattern, from authorization mode to SaaS mode, reducing the total cost of ownership and the threshold of use;

Third, with the change of outsourcing mode, the social division of labor will be more and more detailed in the future. IT outsourcing is not only software outsourcing, but also talent outsourcing, operating environment outsourcing and so on. Large-scale outsourcing is the future trend. On the basis of SaaS, the whole e-commerce model has produced this form of big outsourcing.

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General e-commerce

Simple e-commerce is a brand-new e-commerce construction and operation concept based on SAAS architecture. Simple e-commerce aims to help entrepreneurs with ideals to build and operate online shopping malls in a cost-effective, worry-free, labor-saving and time-saving way, and rely on independent online shop operations to build brands and expand the market. The concept of simple e-commerce was first put forward by Joey, an e-commerce operation service provider. Com is in China. Joey. Com is also the largest service provider of "simple e-commerce" at present.

Simple e-commerce focuses on saving money, worry, effort and time, and advocates the construction, operation and management of online stores in the form of independent online stores. It is not only different from the platform online store, but also different from the comprehensive B2C online mall. Integrating online shop construction (opening online shop) and online shop operation can provide online shop owners with services that can realize online shop construction and promotion without increasing manpower, waiting and high cost.

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New classification

The traditional classification of e-commerce activities from the perspective of different types of subjects participating in e-commerce activities lacks the guiding significance for enterprises to carry out e-commerce activities to some extent, because enterprises can easily know which of the above four e-commerce modes they belong to, but they cannot get the enlightenment on how to carry out business activities. Moreover, what kind of enterprise the "B" here represents is also puzzling. People will not only ask what are the differences between these four types of e-commerce modes, but also ask what are the differences between different types of "B" in conducting these four modes of e-commerce activities, which also complicates the problem.

In fact, e-commerce mode is also a mode for enterprises or individuals to make money through the Internet. At the time of research, it doesn't matter who carried out the act of making money. What is important is that no matter who wants to start e-commerce and make money from the internet, what kind of inevitable behavior mode he will adopt. These behavior patterns are the real goal of our research.

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profit model

After studying hundreds of e-commerce projects, there are good reasons to think that the profit model of e-commerce projects can be summarized into the following three types:

First, use existing resources (the least difficult)

For example, a clothing enterprise sells products through the network (enterprise products are its resources), a marketing consulting company provides consulting services through the network, and the portal website uses huge traffic to sell advertising space.

For this mode of e-commerce enterprises, it is only necessary to provide customers with good products (own resources), find suitable sales channels, and carry out necessary publicity and promotion.

Second, use some accumulated resources (medium difficulty)

For example, the massive music of music websites, the massive academic literature of China HowNet, the massive English audio of English listening websites and the massive video lectures of lecture websites.

For this mode of e-commerce enterprises, as long as they accumulate rich resources, build a good platform and increase publicity and promotion, they can succeed. Advertising revenue can be obtained by providing free services to attract a large number of netizens to visit, or by adopting a paid membership system (in the case that resources are not easy to obtain, it is best to adopt a paid membership system).

Thirdly, it is difficult to use two kinds of visitor resources.

For example, Taobao and Alibaba have gathered the resources of buyers and sellers of commodities, China.com has gathered the resources of buyers and sellers of labor services, Shang Qi Soft Text advertising alliance has gathered the resources of buyers and sellers of soft text advertisements, Zhilian Recruitment Network has gathered the information of job seekers and recruiters, and online games have gathered many players (each player has a dual identity, that is, the player is also a part of the game environment where other players are located).

For this mode of e-commerce enterprises, it is necessary to build an excellent platform and attract two kinds of visitors facing the platform through strong publicity. Usually, in the initial stage, the free strategy is adopted for both tourists.