The 28 most shocking last words in the history of China, the great mystery of life and great enlightenment.

Buddhists say that life and death are important things. The Zen master also said that death is the last chance for an epiphany.

Throughout the five thousand years of China, counting the last words of great men or heroes, there are love and hate, joy and sadness, generosity and sadness, regret and repentance, which makes people see that in the face of this last chance, the answer is often a sigh-too many people, even if they are moved, still stand a wall of obsession in front of their lives. The responsibility and backbone of a virtuous man and the clever mind of a wise man are just flashes of light.

When we are deeply shocked by their words and feelings when facing death, we should have a profound thinking and understanding. The object of thinking and understanding is life, life, all confusion and understanding.

0 1, Wu Zixu (559-484 years ago)

On the east gate of Wudong County, we can see that Wu is getting worse and worse! (Biography of Historical Records and Wu Zixu)

Wu Zixu was a doctor and strategist of Wu at the end of the Spring and Autumn Period.

Wu Zixu tried many times to persuade Fu Cha, the prince of Wu, to kill Gou Jian, but Fu Cha wouldn't listen. Fu Cha, eager to enter the Central Plains, led an army to attack Qi. Wu Zixu once again advised Fu Cha not to attack Qi for the time being, and to destroy Yue first, but was rejected. Fu Cha listened to the slanderers of Taizai's uncle, saying that Wu Zixu was plotting against Wu and sent someone to send a sword to Wu Zixu to commit suicide. Before committing suicide, Wu Zixu said to the crowd, "Please gouge out my eyes and put them on the east gate. I want to see Wu's death! " Nine years after Wu Zixu's death, the State of Wu was destroyed by the sneak attack of Yue.

02. Yu Rang (Spring and Autumn Period)

I can report to Zhibo! (Historical Records, Biography of Assassins, Jade Rang).

Yu Rang, a native of the State of Jin during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, was a courtier of Yao (Zhi Bo) of Jin Qing. In the 22nd year of the Jin Dynasty (453 BC), Zhao, Han and Wei * * * wiped out the Zhi family. In order to avenge Zhi Bo, Jade Jean painted herself with paint and swallowed charcoal to make herself dumb. Under the bridge, he tried to stab Zhao Xiangzi, but was arrested by Zhao Xiangzi. Yu Rang knew that he had no hope of survival and could not fulfill his oath to assassinate Zhao Xiangzi, so he asked Zhao Xiangzi to take off one of his clothes and let him symbolically assassinate him. Zhao Xiangzi met his request and sent someone to give his own clothes to Jade Jean. Jade let drew his sword, jumped up and stabbed it many times, and shouted to the sky, "I can report to Zhi Bo!" " Suicide with a sword.

It is said that the people of Zhao cried when they heard the news of Yu Rang's death. In the history of China, assassins like Yu Rang are not allowed by orthodoxy, but their Ren Xia spirit of valuing righteousness over profit and risking one's life for death has been respected by people for thousands of years. Yu Rang is the representative figure of these people, and his lofty sentiments of "a scholar dies for a confidant" are enough to make the ungrateful people of later generations feel ashamed!

03, Tian Lei? -257 years ago)

Why did I offend God and come here? ..... The battle of Changping, Zhao killed hundreds of thousands of people, enough for me to cheat, enough for me to make a pit. (Historical Records, Biography of Tian Lei and Wang Jian)

Bai Qi, a famous general and strategist in the Warring States period, ranked first among the four famous generals in the Warring States period.

Finally, he was executed by Qin Zhaoxiang. When Tian Lei took up his sword and committed suicide, he looked up at the sky and sighed, "What crime did I commit against heaven and ended up like this?" After a long time, he added, "I should have died." In the battle of Changping, Zhao lost hundreds of thousands of people. I buried them all alive by deception, which is dead enough! "Talk about suicide.

04, Jing Ke? -227 years ago)

Shui Han, the strong man is gone forever! (Biography of Historical Records and Jing Ke)

Jing Ke was a famous assassin in the Warring States Period. After Qin destroyed Zhao, the soldiers pointed directly at the southern border of Yan. Taizidan was frightened and decided to send Jing Ke to Qin to stab the king of Qin.

In 227 BC, Jing Ke came to the State of Qin with the map of Yan Du Kang and Fan's head to assassinate the king of Qin. Before he left, Yan Taizi Dan and Gao Jianli saw Jing Ke off at the Yishui River. The scene is very tragic. "The wind blows and the water cools, and the strong men are gone forever", which is a poem sung by Jing Ke when he left.

After Jing Ke and Qin Wuyang entered Qin, the king of Qin summoned them in Xianyang Palace. After presenting Fan's head and a map of Du Kang (now Zhuoxian, Yixian and Gu 'an, Hebei Province), I saw that Jing Ke had stabbed the king of Qin, but was badly wounded by the sword drawn by the king of Qin, and was later killed by Qin Weibing.

05, Reese (about 284 years ago-208 years ago)

I want to go out with the yellow dog and go to the East Gate of Shangcai to chase the sly rabbit. How can I get it? (Biography of Historical Records and Lisi)

Li Si was a famous politician, writer and calligrapher in Qin Dynasty.

After the death of Qin Shihuang, he conspired with Zhao Gao to forge a will, forcing Fu Su, the eldest son of the first emperor, to commit suicide, and made Hu Hai, the youngest son, the second emperor. Later, Zhao Gao was jealous. In the second year of Qin Ershi (the first 208 years), he was beheaded in Xianyang City, and the three clans were conquered.

Before being executed, Reese saw that his favorite youngest son was among the decapitated. Suddenly, he felt very sad and said sadly, "I really want to be like you when you were a child." My father and son, with their gouhuang and Falcon, went out to the east gate of Shangcai City to chase the sly rabbit. It's impossible now! " All the audience shed tears.

06. Xiang Yu (232 BC-202 BC)

Pull up the mountain and share the anger with the world. Bad times never die. What can I do without dying? I'm afraid I'm afraid I can't do anything! (Xiang Yu's rude words "Gaixia Song")

Xiang Yu, the representative of China's military thought "military situation" (four major military strategies: military situation, military tactics, military yin and yang, and military skills), is a strategist known for his bravery. Xiang Yu's Hanwang fought side by side with Liu Bang in the Chu-Han War, which lasted for four years, and was finally wiped out by Liu Bang and committed suicide in Wujiang River (now wujiang town and County, Anhui Province).

Gaixia Song is a poem sung by Xiang Yu, the overlord of the Western Chu Dynasty, before his downfall. It is a strong song that can shake the earth and make people cry, expressing Xiang Yu's resentment and helplessness in the heavy encirclement of the Han army. Full of unparalleled heroism and affection; It not only shows rare self-confidence, but also sighs that it is insignificant. It is a miracle that just four sentences show such rich content and complicated feelings. For thousands of years, it has touched the hearts of countless readers, and its charm probably lies here!

07, Han Xin (about 23 1 years ago-196 years ago).

I regret that I didn't use the express plan, but I was cheated by my daughter. Isn't it heaven! ("Historical Records Biography of Huaiyin Hou")

Han Xin, the founding hero of the Western Han Dynasty, was an outstanding strategist in the history of China, tied for three outstanding heroes of early han dynasty with Xiao He and Sean, and was also called a famous soldier in the three years of Han Dynasty with Peng Yue and Ying Bu. Later, he was killed by Lv Hou and was about to be beheaded. He said, "I regret that I didn't adopt Kuai Tong's strategy (dividing the world into three parts and calling myself king), so that I was cheated by women and boys. Isn't it providence? " Han Xin III was destroyed.

Li Guang (? -1 19 before)

Guangjie fought against Xiongnu for more than 70 times, but he was lucky enough to take over Khan's soldiers from the general. The general fought widely and retreated far, but he lost his way. Isn't it a day? And he is over 60 years old and can't go back to the collectors of knives and pens. (Biography of Historical Records and Li Lie)

Li Guang was a famous soldier in the Western Han Dynasty. Once the Huns dared not take it, calling it General Fei, and dared not attack for several years. In the Battle of Mobei, Li Guang served as a former general and committed suicide because he lost his way and failed to participate in the war.

On his deathbed, Li Guang said, "I have fought against Xiongnu for more than 70 times since I was a teenager. Now I am lucky enough to go out with the general to fight against Khan's army, but the general let my troops detour and get lost. Isn't it providence? Besides, I am over 60 years old and can no longer be insulted by those knife and pencil collectors. " So he drew his sword and cut himself.

09, Liu Bei (16 1 year -223)

If you are only ten times as big as xelloss, you will be able to secure the world and eventually achieve great things. If the heir can supplement it, supplement it; If he is incompetent, you can bear it yourself. (Biography of the Three Kingdoms and Zhuge Liang)

Liu Bei, the founding emperor of Shu Han in the Three Kingdoms period. Zhang Wu died in Baidicheng for three years at the age of 63.

When Liu Bei was seriously ill, he called Zhuge Liang from Chengdu and entrusted him with the things behind him. Liu Bei said to Zhuge Liang, "Teacher Wang is ten times more talented than Cao Pi, and will surely stabilize the country and finally complete the great cause of unifying the world." If the heir can help, please help; If he fails, you can replace him yourself. "Zhuge Liang said with tears:" I will do my best to help Loyalty and Righteousness Festival until death do us part! "Liu Bei also wrote a letter, instructing the empress Liu to say," You should cooperate with the Prime Minister and treat him like a father! "

10, Kong Rong's 7-year-old daughter (20 1-208)

The seven-year-old woman and the nine-year-old man were both young and weak, so they gave up. The second son plays chess, but he can't move. Left and right said, "Why can't my father afford it?" Answer: "Ann's nest was destroyed, but her eggs were not broken!" " The host has gravy, and men drink it when they are thirsty. The woman said, "Today's disaster will last for a long time. Why do you need to know the taste of meat? " Brother stopped crying. Or talk to Cao Cao and kill him. He took it and said to his younger brother, "If the deceased knew, wouldn't it be a wish to see his parents!" Stretching your neck is a punishment, and the color remains the same, so it hurts. (Biography of Kong Rong in the Later Han Dynasty)

(Kong Rong) The daughter is seven years old and the son is nine years old. Because they are young and weak, they are kept in other people's homes for foster care. When two children were playing chess, their father Kong Rong was caught and unmoved. People around you said, "Father was arrested, but you didn't get up. Why? " The daughter replied, "Where's the nest that destroyed the egg but didn't break it?" The master gave them gravy, and the son drank it when he was thirsty. The daughter said, "How long can you live with such a disaster today? Do you still need to know the taste of meat?" I stopped crying. Someone told Cao Cao about it and decided to kill them all. When the captor arrived, the daughter said to her brother, "If the deceased has a soul, it is our greatest wish to see his parents!" So he was tortured by his neck and his face remained the same. No one can but feel sad about it.

1 1, Ji Kang (224-263, 223-262)

Yesterday, Yuan Xiaoni tried to learn Guangling San from me, every time. Guangling San is unique now! (Biography of Jin Shu Ji Kang)

Ji Kang was a famous thinker, musician, writer and celebrity in the Cao Wei period of the Three Kingdoms, and he was the leader of the "Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest". Because of his uncooperative attitude towards Sima's regime, he was jealous and framed for offending Zhong Hui, and was executed by Si Mazhao at the age of 39.

Before the execution, Ji Kang's look remained unchanged, and he wanted to play guqin and Guangling San. After the performance, Ji Kang said, "Zhun Yuan asked to learn this song, but I refused to teach him. From now on, Guangling San is absolutely wonderful! " At that time, 3000 students wrote to Ji Kang and asked him to be a teacher. They tried to save him in this way, but failed.

12, Ran Min (? -352 years)

The world is in chaos, and the second Cao beast wants to usurp the throne. I am a temporary hero, why can't I be an emperor! (Biography of Ran Min in the Book of Jin)

Ran Min, the founder of Wei Ran regime in the Sixteen Kingdoms period, was famous for his bravery. In 352, Ran Min failed to break through and was captured by the former Yan Emperor Murong Jun. He was beheaded in Mount Kumgang, and was later made king of Wu.

Ran Min was born in the dark age of "five wild flowers", and the sons and daughters of the Han nationality almost perished under the butcher's knife of the Hu people. Ran Min almost wiped out many Hu families with his famous "Hu Ling" and became a controversial figure in history. He was respected by national heroes and accused of being a butcher.

In the last battle, Ran Min rode Zhu, holding a double-edged spear on the left and a hook halberd on the right, and moved with the wind, killing more than 300 Xianbei soldiers. In an instant, Yan cavalry swarmed in, surrounded Ran Min, and were finally captured.

Murong Jun stood in front of Ran Min and asked him, "Why do you call yourself the son of heaven?" Ran Min replied, "The world is in chaos. You savages are cruel and want to usurp the throne and rebel. I have been a hero all my life. Why can't I be an emperor? " Murong Jun was furious, and Ran Min was beheaded to stop Lushan Mountain.

At that time, all plants and trees within seven miles around the mountain withered, and locusts greatly increased. It didn't rain from May until December. Murong Jun sent messengers to offer sacrifices and named Ran Min the mourning king of Wu. It snowed heavily that day.

13, Tandaoji (? -436 years)

It is the Great Wall of Wan Li! (Song Shu). The biography of Tan Daoji)

Tan Daoji, a famous star in the Southern Song Dynasty, wrote Thirty-six Plans. At the end of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Emperor Wu of Song attacked the later Qin Dynasty, and repeatedly made meritorious military service. The late Emperor Wen and his former imperial ministers were good at fighting and killing them.

Before his execution, Tan Daoji threw his hat on the ground and shouted angrily, "You are destroying the Great Wall!"

Tan Daoji was killed in vain, and the Chinese people were saddened. The news reached Pingcheng (now Datong, Shanxi), and the generals of the Northern Wei Dynasty, the ancient enemy of the Southern Dynasties, congratulated each other: "When Tan Daoji died, Wu people were fearless!"

In the twenty-seventh year of Yuanjia, Emperor Wen ordered people to explore the north again. The Eastern Front was repeatedly frustrated, which led wei ren to Guabu South and wanted to drink horses along the Yangtze River. Facing the enemy separated by a river, Song Wendi lamented: "If Tan Daoji is here, how can Huma be here!" But by this time, Tan Daoji had died for fourteen years.

14, Su Shi (1037—110/year)

The west is not without efforts. (Dongpo Chronology Record)

Su Shi, known as Zi Zhan and Dongpo Jushi, is the representative of the highest literary achievement in the Song Dynasty. His poems are called "Su Huang" with Huang Tingjian, with bold words, and "Su Xin" with Xin Qiji.

Su Shi, a famous writer and cultural master in ancient China, died in Changzhou on July 28th, Yuan Dynasty (1 1). Before he died, my good friend abbot Lin Wei said loudly in his ear, "Don't forget the West." ) Don't forget the West. Su Shi murmured a response: "The West is not without it, but it can't be done by itself." The western world is not without power, but it cannot exert its power. Good friend Qian also leaned close to his ear and said, "Teacher Gu usually practices at this point, but needs to be more focused." Mr. Su Shi said the last sentence in his life: "Hard work leads to poverty." (The Force is all wrong)

Buddhists insist on not being persistent and following fate. Buddhist Dongpo spent most of his life expressing his ultimate understanding of Buddhism with the last sentence in his life.

Zong Ze15 (1060—1128)

But before he conquered, he died, and since then the heroes have been crying on their coats ... crossing the river! Cross the river! Cross the river! (Biography of Songshi Zong Ze)

Zong Ze, a big star in the Song Dynasty. Honest and straightforward, determined to know the soldiers. During his stay in Tokyo, Zong Ze wrote to Emperor Gaozong Zhao Gou more than 20 times, urging him to return the capital to Tokyo, and formulated a general plan to recover the Central Plains, which was not adopted. He died of great ambition and anxiety.

At that time, Zong Ze was ill because of anxiety, and he had a poisonous sore on his back. Zong Ze looked at the generals and said, "I am so angry because of the misfortune of Huidi and Qin Shihuang. If I can destroy the enemy, I will die without complaint. " The generals all said with tears, "How dare you not try your best!" After the generals went out, Zong Ze sighed, "But before he conquered, he died, and since then the heroes have been crying on their coats." "

On July 12th, 2002 (165438+July 29th, 2028), it was windy and rainy, and it was dark. On his deathbed, Zong Ze said nothing about family affairs, never forgetting the Northern Expedition, and finally called three times "Crossing the River! Cross the river! Cross the river! " He died of grief and indignation at the age of 70.

16, Lu You (1125—1210 year)

I didn't know everything was empty until I died, but I was sad to see Kyushu. Julian Waghann Beiding Central Plains Day, don't forget to tell Nai Weng about the family sacrifice! (Lu You's "Nanbo Poetry Draft")

Lu You was a writer, historian, patriotic poet and famous writer in the Southern Song Dynasty.

In November of the third year of Jubilee (1207), Shi staged a coup, killed Han Tuozhou, and sent an envoy with his head to order the Jiading Peace Conference. The Northern Expedition was declared a complete failure. Lu You was very sad when he heard the news.

In the autumn of the second year of Jiading (1209), Lu You suffered from anxiety. After the winter, his condition deteriorated and he was bedridden. On December 29th (12 10 65438+ October 26th), Lu You died at the age of eighty-five.

When Lu You died, he left his masterpiece Shizi as his will: "When he died, everything was empty, but he was sad to see Kyushu. Julian Waghann set the Central Plains Day in the north, and the family sacrifice did not forget to tell Nai Weng. "

17, Wen Tianxiang (1236— 1283)

Confucius said to be benevolent and Mencius said to take justice. Only its righteousness is exhausted, so the benevolent is also. What have you learned from reading the books of sages? Occasionally, how naive you are! ("Legend of Song Shiwen")

Wen Tianxiang, a politician, writer, patriotic poet, anti-Yuan minister and national hero at the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, was also called "the three outstanding men at the end of the Song Dynasty" with Lu Xiufu and Zhang Shijie. In the fourth year of Baoyou (1256), he was the first scholar, and the right prime minister was the official, and he was named lord protector. Yu Wupoling was defeated and captured, preferring death to surrender. On the 9th day of December in the 19th year of Zhiyuan (1282), he died calmly in Chai City.

After the attempted suicide was captured by the Yuan Army, Yuan Ting summoned Wen Tianxiang and told him, "What's your wish?" Wen Tianxiang replied, "Tianxiang owed a lot to the Song Dynasty. As a prime minister, how to serve the second surname? I will be satisfied when I die. "

When Wen Tianxiang was in the execution ground, he was particularly unhurried and said to the prison officer, "My business is over." Bowing to the south, he was executed at the age of 47.

His wife, Ouyang Shi, tidied up his body and found a compliment in his clothes: "Confucius said to be benevolent, Mencius said to take righteousness, and loyalty can only be benevolent." What have you learned from reading the books of sages? From now on, you can have a clear conscience! "

18, Fang Xiaoru (1357— 1402)

If you die, you die, but you can't write! (Biography of Fang Xiaoru in Ming Dynasty)

Fang Xiaoru was a minister and scholar in the early Ming Dynasty. More than 870 students were killed because they refused to draft the imperial edict for Judy, the prince of Yan who launched the "Jingnan War", becoming the only person in China history who was punished by "ten families".

When he sent troops to Peiping, Yao once said, "Fang Xiaoru, the city will never surrender. I hope you won't kill him. Kill Fang Xiaoru, and the seeds of reading in the world will be gone. " Judy agreed.

After Judy asked Fang Xiaoru to draft an imperial edict and called him into the palace, there were cries inside and outside the palace. Fang Xiaoru kept asking questions, and Judy wanted to force Fang Xiaoru to submit: "You must draft a letter to the world!" Fang Xiaoru threw the pen on the ground, crying and cursing: "If you die, you die. I can never draft an imperial edict for you! "

Judy was furious and ordered him to be executed in the city. Fang Xiaoru died generously at the age of 46.

19, Wang Yangming (1472— 1529)

This heart is bright, and there is nothing to say. (Yangming chronicle)

Wang Shouren, whose real name is Boan and alias is Yangming, is known as Mr. Yangming and Wang Yangming in the world. He was a famous writer, philosopher, thinker, politician and strategist in Ming Dynasty, another great family of Cheng Cheng, Zhu and Lv Hou, and an important representative of the school.

The Chronicle of Yangming records the situation of Wang Yangming at his deathbed. At this time, he called his disciple Zhou Ji in. It was a long time before he opened his eyes and said, "I'm leaving!" " "Zhou Ji's tears fell down and asked," Is there any left? " Wang Yangming smiled: "This heart is clear, why do you need to say it? "A moment later, he passed away.

20. Yang Lian (1572— 1625)

Laugh, laugh, laugh! What do I have to do with cutting the east wind with a knife? ("Yang Lian * *")

Yang Lian was a famous remonstrator in the late Ming Dynasty, Lindong party member. In the fifth year of the Apocalypse (1625), he was appointed as the left vice governor. He was accused of "taking 12,000 bribes" for impeaching Wei Zhongxian's 24 major crimes, was tortured and died in prison. Loyalty to serve the country and vigorous castration run through Yang Lian's main political activities in his life. Historians' evaluation of him as "an honest man" is extremely pertinent.

In prison, Yang Lian was subjected to such harmful measures as "crushing his body with a mud bag and piercing his ear with a nail", but he did not die. On July 24th, the fifth year of Revelation (August 28th, 1625), Xu Xianchun drove a big nail into Yang Lian's head and finally killed him at the age of 54.

Before the execution, Yang Lian bit his finger and wrote a letter * * *, then laughed. * * * Excerpts are as follows:

..... I have been kind all my life, and now I am dead in prison. It's hard to say it's not a fair death. What is my regret? What do you have against others? Just because I was a deputy minister and was taken care of by my late emperor, Confucius said, "When an orphan dies, it's too late to lose his integrity!" With this belief, we can finally be worthy of the spirit of the first emperor in heaven, of the second ancestor, of ten cases, of the emperor, and of all generations in the world. Laugh, laugh, laugh! Why should I be afraid when Nuo Nuo-worshippers cut off their heads?

2 1, Chongzhen (1611-1644)

I have been on the throne for seventeen years, and I despise thieves as much as Beijing. Although I dare to bow down to God, all my ministers have misunderstood me. I'm ashamed to see my ancestors when I'm dead, and I have to go to the crown to cover my face. Let the thieves split up and no one will get hurt. ("History of Ming Dynasty and Chongzhen")

Zhu Youjian, the 16th emperor of Ming Dynasty, reigned from 1627 to 1644, with the year of Chongzhen, later called Emperor Chongzhen.

After he ascended the throne, Zhu Youjian vigorously eradicated eunuchs, was diligent in politics and lived frugally. He was a young and promising emperor. During his reign, the peasant uprising broke out, and the post-Jin regime was eyeing up, and it was already in a situation of internal troubles and foreign invasion. 1644, when Li Zicheng invaded Beijing, he hanged himself in Jingshan Park at the age of 34, and he became king in 17.

Before hanging himself, Chongzhen wrote his last words on the blue robe. ...

22. Yehnara Buyangu (? —— 16 19)

Although my descendants have a daughter, they will also build Manchuria! (Biography of chongling)

Yenara Buyangu, Yenara, Buzhaizi, and finally Yehebeile (West City).

In the forty-seventh year of Wanli (16 19), the Ming dynasty launched the battle of Salhu, and Ye He, an ally of the Ming dynasty, sent troops to pacify Houjin, which led to the defeat of the Ming army. In the same year, the late King Khan Nurhachi marched into Yeh with victory. Yehebeile Jintaiji and Buyangu are divided into two cities: East and West. Nurhachi led his troops to surround Dongcheng, Daishan and other western cities. A few days later, Nurhachi dug the ground and invaded Dongcheng, and Jin Taiji died. Buyanggu heard that Dongcheng was broken, so he and his brother Walking Valley sent messengers to surrender and asked Daishan to swear not to kill him. Daishan agreed and made an oath with Buyangu and his mother. Bu Yangu finally decided to surrender. However, Buyangu was introduced to Nurhachi and hanged.

According to "Biography of chongling", when Buyangu died, he gambled on drugs and swore: "Even if there is only one woman left in my descendants of Yehnara, I will destroy Manchuria!" In the Qing Dynasty, Ai Xinjue Roche did eventually die at the hands of Ye Hena La of Empress Dowager Cixi. It was the niece Yulong of Empress Dowager Cixi, namely Ye Henala, who finally signed the Treaty of the Empress Dowager Qing.

23. Jin Shengtan (1608— 166 1 year)

Ok ... it hurts.

Jin Shengtan was a famous writer and literary critic in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties. The main achievement lies in literary criticism, commenting on Du Fu's Tang poems such as Water Margin, The West Chamber and Zuo Zhuan. Jin Shengtan put forward the theory of "six gifted scholars' books", which made novels and operas keep pace with traditional classics and poems. He is regarded as the pioneer of China Vernacular Literature Movement and occupies an important position in the history of China literature.

Jin Shengtan is arrogant and eccentric, and his writing is humorous. He was humorous all his life, but he died. In the end, he was beheaded because the authorities had a political purpose. It is said that when he was executed, the knife began to fall and two balls of paper rolled out of his ears. The executioner opened it doubtfully: one is "good" and the other is "pain". However, this last humor makes people feel a kind of inexplicable heavy sadness.

24. Yuan Shikai (1859— 19 16)

Make enemies for the Japanese and watch China rebuild peace.

Yuan Shikai was a famous politician, strategist and leader of Beiyang warlord in China's modern history. There are different opinions about the merits and demerits of Yuan Shikai. Some people say that he is a "* * *" and a "national thief", while others think that he has contributed to the modernization of China and is a real reformer. In a word, Yuan Shikai is one of the most controversial figures in China's modern history.

Yuan Shikai died on1965438+June 6, 2006. On the day of Yuan Shikai's death, there was a handwritten sentence on his case: "Make enemies for Japan and watch China rebuild peace". As a pro-Japanese faction in the eyes of most people, a potential supporter of the imperial system and a destroyer of * * *, Yuan Shikai's last words puzzled many people and caused widespread controversy.

25. Tan Sitong (1865— 1898)

If you want to kill a thief, there is no way. A fair death honors a lifetime. Come on, come on.

Tan Sitong was a famous politician, thinker and reformer in modern China. 1898 Participated in leading the Reform Movement of 1898, and was killed after failure. He is only thirty-four years old, and he is also known as the "Six Gentlemen of the 1898 Movement" with Yang Rui, Liu Guangdi,, and Kang.

1On September 22nd, 898, Tan Sitong was arrested and imprisoned. In prison, Tan Sitong calmly wrote a poem on the wall, saying, "Look at the door and stop, think, and endure Dugan's death. I laughed at myself and went to save my courage. " On 28th, Tan Sitong and other six gentlemen were killed in Beijing food market. When he was executed, he shouted to the sky, "There is nothing you can do to kill a thief. Die well, quickly, quickly! " He was only 33 years old when he was killed, and the listener couldn't help crying.

26. Master Hongyi (1880— 1942)

Sadness and happiness are intertwined. (Chronology of Master Hongyi)

Li Shutong is a famous musician, art educator, calligrapher and drama activist. After shaving, he became a monk and was later honored as Master Hongyi. There is such a record in Master Hongyi's chronology: "On the afternoon of August 28th, I wrote three wills." "On the first day of September, the word" the intersection of sadness and joy "in the book, together with the waiter Miaolian, is the last stroke."

Mr. Ye Shengtao explained the word "heart" all his life, "live well" and now "die well", happy and satisfied, with no regrets. Professor Qian Renkang believes that "'sadness' is compassion for the distress of all beings, and' joy' is happiness for self-liberation". Master Dakong said: "The so-called' sadness' of the master is the indulgence of life and death of all sentient beings, the mixture of eight sufferings of sorrowful women, the endless disaster of sorrowful world, the complete abolition of the precepts of sorrowful law, the difficulty in changing sorrow, and the deep and broad compassion for the Buddha. In short, it is' great compassion' for all sentient beings. What is the master's so-called' heart'? He wants bliss and live happily. He is happy to see Tommy become a Buddha, live in the pure land and have fun for ten years. "

Professor Chen Jianhui of Taiwan Province Province, the author of Master Hongyi's biography, said: "When Gong Hong handed over the mixture of sorrow and joy to his legal partner, Master Miaolian, he told Miaolian that he had decided to die. The intersection of sadness and joy was the last scene of Gong Hong at that time. It is a state of chanting Buddha and seeing Buddha, a state of sadness and joy. People who don't see Buddha will be sad if they don't know how to recite Buddha. " The beauty of this sentence is that it tells all the feelings of Master Hongyi at that time, which can't be expressed in words. Only those who have experienced it can know, and those who feel the same way can say it.

27. Wang Guowei (1877— 1927)

In 50 years, I only owe death once. After this, I will never be humiliated again. (Wang Guowei's suicide note)

Wang Guowei, whose name is Jing 'an, is a famous scholar who enjoys an international reputation at the turn of modern times in China. He was the first of the "Four Famous Teachers in Tsinghua" in the Republic of China and a master of Chinese studies.

1June 2, 927, Wang Guowei left the office and hired a rickshaw to go to the Summer Palace. After smoking a cigarette, I jumped headfirst into the water and sank in the fish and algae garden of Kunming Lake in the garden. Afterwards, people found a suicide note in their underwear pockets, which read: "Fifty years, only one death is needed. After this world change, there is nothing shameful ... "

Liang Qichao said: "His usual pessimism about the current situation is extremely profound. The latest * * * was shot by scholars Ye Dehui and Wang Baoxin. ..... Gong Jing is in deep pain, so the effect is to sink into the abyss, and he will not see it again. " Chen Yinque said: "The deeper you are transformed by culture, the more you feel the pain of cultural decline. Mr. Wang sees his will as independent and free by death, which has nothing to do with the grievances of one person and the rise and fall of a surname. "