Jiangxi traditional folk house culture with a long history

In the history of Jiangxi cultural development, Jiangxi traditional architectural culture gradually showed its unique charm. Traditional residential buildings in Jiangxi are full of human touch and Jiangxi local flavor, and their decorative patterns also show the meaning of harmonious coexistence between man and nature. The following article takes you to appreciate the rich and colorful traditional residential architectural culture in Jiangxi.

The ancient houses of Jiangxi School have distinctive features and pay attention to practicality. Due to the similarity of geographical relationship, economic and cultural background and geographical climate, the ancient dwellings of Jiangxi School are inextricably linked with those of Huizhou School. Both of them belong to patio buildings, but Jiangxi ancient dwellings pay more attention to the practicality of internal framework and furnishings, and Huizhou ancient dwellings rarely have large-scale carved beams and painted buildings. The eaves are supported by diagonal braces, not bucket arches. Horsehead walls on both sides of the building are generally not as early as Huizhou buildings. The lower end of the herringbone roof is directly cornice, and the front cornice line has straight lines and concave lines.

Sleeping bricks are mostly used in the exterior walls of buildings in Ji 'an, single-sided bucket bricks are mostly used in Nanchang and Fuzhou, and granite, red stone, fair-faced exterior walls and blue-gray tiles are mostly used in the lower parts of walls.

The main building of Jiangxi School is tall and regular, and the auxiliary rooms are big or small, high or low, because the location is very irregular. They are surrounded on both sides of the main building, so that the appearance of the house will be more varied from the outside. The roof truss is about six meters high, which is a major feature of Jiangxi architecture. Because the houses are densely arranged along the alleys and there are many side doors running through them, they can be quickly evacuated in an emergency, which greatly improves the functionality of Jiangxi buildings.

The main entrance of Jiangxi folk houses is richly decorated. In addition to the one-character door, there are a large number of eight-character doors, archway doors and wall-hung column doors. In addition to red stone, bean bluestone is also widely used as the stone of the gate. The gates of Nanchang and Fuzhou are mostly stone carvings, while the gates of Ji 'an and Gannan are mostly brick carvings. As far as door decoration is concerned, door covers are mostly made on the door wall, columns are made of blue bricks, and there are fine brick carvings. In guiding ideology, Jiangxi folk houses still adhere to the Confucian thought of moderation and introversion, emphasizing the firmness and practicality of architecture. Whether it is a rough and generous Ming-style residence that strictly abides by the "three rooms and five frames" or a delicate and meticulous Qing-style residence with many bays, it has adhered to this point.

Courtyard is an important element in Jiangxi ancient residential buildings and a unique architectural style in the south, but the courtyard of Jiangxi ancient residential buildings still has its own characteristics. The patio has the functions of lighting, ventilation and drainage in the building. Therefore, the basic unit of the front plane structure of Jiangxi Pai ancient dwellings is the courtyard-centered house group, which can be combined vertically and horizontally to form a complex and huge building complex.

The ancient houses of Jiangxi school are basically supported by wooden frames, and the brick or earth exterior walls only play the role of enclosure, so many houses have collapsed, but the wooden structures are intact. At present, most of the ancient houses of Jiangxi School are bucket-piercing structures in Qing Dynasty, and only a few of them need to add a small amount of beam-lifting structures because of the need of column lowering or space transformation.

At the same time, the ancient houses of Jiangxi School are carefully planned and pay attention to geomantic omen. Jiangxi ancient residential buildings are often in a harmonious and complete human settlement system. It not only pays attention to the adaptation to the surrounding environment, but also pays attention to the organic combination with functional buildings such as ancestral halls, temples, archways, gatehouses and stages. The creation or transformation of ordinary villages is carefully planned. Many ancient villages are built beside rivers or lakes, so that residents can get water sources that can be used directly nearby, and they can also communicate with the outside world through rivers. Even if there are no natural lakes, people will dig artificial lakes to form ponds for collecting rainwater.

Starting from the traditional concept of geomantic omen, Jiangxi ancient residential buildings pay attention to geomantic omen effect in site selection and layout, and pursue the harmonious integration of human settlement environment and natural environment. Jiangxi sent ancient residential villages, hidden in the ancient trees of Qingshan. Here, architecture is full of human touch and local flavor, architecture and environment penetrate each other, and man and nature are integrated. As an environmental art, architecture must be rooted in and organically integrated with the surrounding environment.

Dealing with the relationship between the building and the surrounding environment can not only get rich aesthetic feeling, but also better decorate the environment. The highest realm of architectural design should be "advocating nature", and good architecture should be consistent with the four seasons. "The four seasons are different, but the joy is endless", which is a realm. The combination of architecture and natural scenery is a literati landscape painting, enjoying nature from architecture and appreciating architecture from nature. In the traditional architecture of Jiangxi school, the "line" in painting is also reflected in the decorative pattern, which has distinct tattoo characteristics.

Architectural decorative patterns are gradually described and created by people through their contact and understanding of various things around them in the long-term practice, forming image thinking. "In the design of architectural decoration, you can often see the use of lines. All kinds of lintel window carvings, brick carvings, stone carvings and shapes in Liukeng building are the best interpretation of the application of lines in architectural decoration. Through the window, many carvings are applied, with the geometric line modeling linked inside and outside as the main body. The lines are criss-crossed, the composition is complete and rigorous, the lines are strong and powerful, and the curves are different, showing the characteristics of healthy and simple folk art. "

In the design, Ganpai folk houses fully and reasonably use various processing methods of lines, seek unity in change and create unique shapes. The architectural design of ancient folk houses of Jiangxi school is often consistent in concept. Using terrain, natural environment and other factors, a linear space is strung together, and elements are extracted from traditional buildings in a freehand way, which can produce different artistic conception from every angle.