Chinese Wine Culture?

Wine is one of the main beverages in human life. China has a long history of making wine, with many varieties of famous wines that are renowned both at home and abroad. Yellow wine is one of the oldest liquors in the world. About 3,000 years ago, during the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, the Chinese invented the compound fermentation method of wine curd and began to brew yellow wine in large quantities. About a thousand years ago, during the Song Dynasty, the Chinese invented distillation, and since then, baijiu has become the main alcoholic beverage consumed by the Chinese. Liquor has permeated the entire 5,000-year history of Chinese civilization, occupying an important place in Chinese life in all aspects from literary and artistic creation, culture and entertainment to diet and cooking, health care and so on.

Wine is a special thing between heaven and earth. Although also into the belly, but can not fill the hunger, can not quench the thirst, only play a role in the human heart and soul. Heart nerve wine a moisturizing, a stimulus, will produce inexplicable changes, inexplicable treachery, outwardly manifested as words and deeds, will be unusual. Therefore, the world of wine, human life will be colorful, human history will be colorful, the world will add a lot of interesting landscapes, short life will add a lot of long taste. If our ancestors were not inspired by the sour flavor of rotting wild fruits and long leftovers, the invention of winemaking, then the voluminous 24 history will be much more boring, the social life of the dynasties will be much less, we look back on the past, perhaps less interesting. History is a long river, the river to the wine, the river will run more romantic, more vivid, the waves of the tossing up thousands of years later still make people feel wonderful. Up to the court, down to the city, the noble, the lowly, all drink. Jin Yuan Palace in the emperor gives feast, three village when the old man drinking, although the grade is different, the atmosphere is very different, but the good wine or old spirits to drink down the stomach, and taste that wonderful process, it is the same.

Wine culture is an important part of the Chinese food culture. Wine is one of the oldest foods of mankind, and its history began almost together with the history of human culture. Since the emergence of wine, as a kind of material culture, wine has taken various forms and its development history has been synchronized with the history of economic development, and wine is not only a kind of food, but also has spiritual and cultural values. As a spiritual culture, it is embodied in many aspects of social and political life, literature and art, and even people's attitudes and aesthetic tastes. In this sense, drinking wine is not drinking wine, it is also drinking culture.

China is an ancient civilization that stands out in the world, and it is the hometown of wine. In the 5,000-year history of the Chinese nation, wine and wine culture have always occupied an important position. Wine is a special kind of food, belonging to the material, but at the same time, it is integrated into people's spiritual life. As a special form of culture, wine culture has its unique position in traditional Chinese culture. Throughout the thousands of years of civilization, wine has permeated almost every area of social life. First of all, China is a country founded on agriculture, so all political and economic activities are based on agricultural development. As a result, all political and economic activities were based on the development of agriculture. The vast majority of Chinese wines were brewed from grain, and wine was tightly attached to agriculture and became part of the agricultural economy. The abundance and failure of grain production was the barometer of the rise and fall of the wine industry. According to the harvest situation of grain, the rulers of each dynasty regulated the production of wine by issuing wine bans or opening bans to ensure that the people were fed. In some localized areas, the prosperity of the wine industry played a positive role in improving the standard of living of the local community. Wine and socio-economic activities are closely related. Since the implementation of the state monopoly policy on wine during the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the monopoly fee or wine tax collected from the brewing industry became one of the main sources of national financial income. Revenue from wine tax has also been historically related to military expenses and wars, which are directly related to the survival of the state. In some dynasties, wine tax (or wine monopoly revenue) was also related to corvée and other forms of taxation. The generous profits from wine often became the fat meat for which the state, the rich merchants and the people competed. The alternation of different wine policies reflected the changing contrasts of power among the various classes. The issuance of the order to give wine is often associated with dynastic changes, the change of emperors, and some major royal activities. Wine, as a special commodity, added rich colors to people's lives. Ancient Chinese summarized the role of wine into three categories: wine for healing, wine for old age, and wine for rituals. Over the past thousands of years, the role of wine is far from being limited to these three, at least also includes: wine to become happy, wine to forget, wine to courage.

Wine, in the long history of human culture, is not just an objective material existence, but a cultural symbol, that is, the symbol of the spirit of the god of wine.

In China, the spirit of the god of wine has its origin in Taoist philosophy. Zhuang Zhou advocated the unity of things, the unity of heaven and man, and the unity of life and death. Zhuang Zhou sang the song of absolute freedom, advocating "traveling on things", "traveling beyond the four seas", "there is no home". Zhuangzi preferred to be a free turtle in a muddy pond, rather than a bounded, headstrong horse. The pursuit of absolute freedom and the forgetfulness of life and death and honor and disgrace are the essence of the spirit of the Chinese god of wine.

Gaining artistic freedom through drunkenness is an important way for artists in ancient China to free themselves from bondage and gain artistic creativity. Liu Ling, a famous scholar of the Wei and Jin dynasties and the first "drunkard", said in his "Ode to the Virtue of Wine", "There is a great man, Mr. Liu, who takes heaven and earth as one day, and ten thousand periods as a single moment. The sun and the moon have their lattices, and the eight wildernesses are the courtyards." "The sky and the earth are covered with curtains and the ground is covered with indulgence." "Drunken, I wake up. I hear no sound of thunder, and I see no shape of Mount Tai. I don't realize the cut muscles of heat and cold, and the feelings of profit and desire. Look down and see all things, disturbed as the river carrying floating weeds." This is the typical embodiment of the spirit of the Chinese god of wine.

"Li Bai wrote a hundred poems in a single bucket, slept at a wine shop in Chang'an, called by the Son of Heaven but did not get on the boat, and claimed that he was an immortal in wine." (Du Fu's "Song of the Eight Immortals in Drinking") "Drunken from being a guest, the poem becomes a god." (Du Fu's "Poetry by Drinking Alone") "Each person's attitude is different from the other, but the poem is formed by the wine." (Su Shi, "Drinking Wine with Tao Yuanming") "A cup of wine has not yet been consumed, and the poem has become a poem, and I am shocked by it." (Yang Wanli's "Passing the Goblet under the Moon in the Valley of Wanhua River in February after the 9th day of the 9th lunar month"). Zhang Yuannian, a political poet of the Southern Song Dynasty, said, "After the rain, the flying flowers know the bottom number, and drunkenness wins the free body." Drunkenness has led to the creation of legendary poems, and such examples abound in

the history of Chinese poetry.

Not only for poetry, but also in painting and calligraphy, a unique art of Chinese culture, the spirit of the god of wine is even more lively. Painters, Zheng Banqiao calligraphy and painting can not be easily obtained, so the seeker to take the dog meat and wine hospitality, in Zheng Banqiao's drunkenness in the calligraphy and painting can be as desired. Zheng Banqiao also know the trick of the painting seekers, but he could not resist the temptation of wine and dog meat, had to write a poem to laugh at themselves: "look at the moon may as well go all, the moon only hate the wine to come late. He laughed at the thick waterproof vegetation and asked for books, and then asked for Mr. Drunkenness." Wu Daozi, the painting saint of "Wu Dangfeng", must be drunk before painting to start writing, and after drunkenness for painting, waving the brush immediately. Huang Gongwang, one of the "Four Yuan Schools", was also a "drunkard who could not paint". "Sage of the Book" Wang Xizhi drunkenly waved the brush and made the "Lanting Preface", "Thuja strong and robust, no generation", and to sober up "more books dozens of books, and ultimately can not be and the". Li Bai wrote the drunken monk Huai Su: "my master drunkenly according to Hu bed, sweeping up thousands of sheets in a flash. Flying rain surprise soughing, falling flowers and snow." Waisu drunken ink, party left its gods and ghosts are shocked by the "self-reporting post". Grass saint Zhang Xu "every drunk, call crazy walk, is the pen", so there is its "waving the pen down the paper like clouds of smoke" of the "ancient poems four post".

Baijiu is China's generations of alcoholic beverages, through tracking research and summarize the work of the traditional process has been improved, from workshop operation to industrial production, from shoulder to shoulder to semi-mechanical operations, from the oral transmission, flexible mastery of the written materials to teach. All these have made the liquor industry continue to develop and innovate, improve the level of production technology and product quality, a number of manufacturers have become China's large-scale backbone of brewing enterprises, making an important contribution to the country. We should inherit and develop this valuable national specialty, carry forward the excellent wine culture of the Chinese nation, so that the liquor industry to flourish.

Wine order

"Cups of small Qiankun big, pot in the sun and moon long", in any case, people in the social life of the wine directly or indirectly with the relationship. The physical manifestation of this relationship is wine interest. Wine interest is rich in wine orders, wine orders is pure culture into wine, wine culture is the essence of culture.

As early as the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period more than 2,000 years ago, wine orders appeared at banquets in the Yellow River Valley. There are two kinds of wine orders: popular and elegant. Guessing is a representative of the popular order, and the elegant order is the word order, which is usually popular among people with rich cultural knowledge. Bai Juyi said: "Idle levying elegant order poor official, drunken listening to the new chant is better than the wind and string." It is believed that the elegant order in the wine banquet is more interesting than the music with wine. The word order also includes word order, riddle order, chip order and so on.

Wine orders are a combination of wine and games. For example, during the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Periods, the game of pot-throwing, and between the Qin and Han Dynasties, "singing and harmony at the table" were all a kind of wine order. But the development of the game into a mandatory with the end of the game, it has become both relaxed and serious - a cultural phenomenon. Western Han Dynasty Empress Lu had a feast of ministers, ordered Liu Zhang for the supervision of the wine order, Liu Zhang, please to the military order line wine order, during the seat, Lv's people have escaped, was Liu Zhang waved a sword and beheaded, for the drinking game and the play off the head which may be the play in the theater of the play. This is the origin of "wine orders such as military orders". Tang and Song dynasties in ancient China is the most playful, of course, wine orders are also colorful. Bai Juyi had the aria "Chips inserted into the red snail bowl, goblets of white jade flying". In the Ming and Qing dynasties, wine orders were further developed to a wide variety of different styles and styles. Yu Dunpei of the Qing Dynasty will be divided into four categories of wine orders: account order, elegant order, through the order, chip order, chip order is the main event in the wine order.

Chip order, as the name suggests, the line of wine order must be used chips, chips is the distinguishing feature of this type of wine order. The first thing you need to understand is what a chip is. Chips are ancient calculators. There is no calculator in ancient times, generally made of bamboo and wood chips to carry out calculations, good calculator can not rely on the calculator to get the results, so the chips are derived from the planning, planning. Han Shu. Gao Di Si" recorded Liu Bang's evaluation of Zhang Liang, saying, "I am not as good as Zifang at planning in a tent, and I am not as good as Zifang at winning in a thousand miles." Nowadays, the military commander will make battle plans indoors, which is called "planning in a tent". The chips, Zhi Yi for planning, planning, planning the meaning of the plan. From the Tang Dynasty onwards, the chip in the drinking has two different uses: one, still used to record the number, Bai Juyi poem "drunkenly folded flower branches for wine chips" in the "wine chips" that is this kind of, this meaning of the chip in the later generations of wine games can still be seen, the role is to chip The function of the chips is to count the number of chips, and then line up the wine according to the number of chips obtained. The other kind is more complicated, people are not satisfied with the original use of chips, but change it into a kind of wine-ordering tool. Chip method is also complicated, in silver, ivory, animal bone, bamboo, wood and other materials made of chips engraved with a variety of orders about and wine about. When the order of the order of the table in accordance with the order of shaking cylinder switch chip, and then according to the chip in the provisions of the order of about, wine about the order of the order to drink. According to research, the Tang Dynasty's "Analects of Confucius" wine chip is the earliest known - kind of chip order.

The capacity of the chip is very large, and the length is not limited. A large-scale chip order can easily have eighty chips, and the order contains the order, the order in the order.

Chip order because of such characteristics, the ability to take from the long masterpiece of the drama "The West Wing" and "Water Margin", "Liaozhai Zhiyi", "Dream of Red Mansions" and other novels, but also to have the inclusion of the "I Ching" of the sixty-four hexagrams, such as a rich connotation of the cultural phenomena.

Wine chip culture is a part of traditional Chinese culture, but it is also a special cultural phenomenon. Can't imagine, in the high tempo of modern life today, there are a few young people slowly sitting in McDonald's to play what "Dream of the Red Chamber" wine chip. But as a kind of traditional culture, it is still a valuable property left behind by our ancestors, and besides having certain cultural research value, it also has a certain civilized role in some specific and appropriate occasions. For example, in any case, always than what "deep feelings, a mouthful of boredom" type of brutal drink, "brother and sister good wow, five kui shou wow," the vulgar drink to some good. Because the "appendage elegance" than "appendage vulgarity" to have taste. And the "vulgarity" is not a pejorative term in the first place.

The wine chip culture is a product of the Chinese dietary system, which is essentially an agricultural culture. Wine banquets have a great deal of cultural content, participants from the ancient and modern masterpieces, poems and songs, to astronomy and geography, folk slang have to know everything in order to play well on the spot and not be penalized. People in the feast also exercise the talent and the spirit of competition; both active dietary atmosphere and added aesthetic interest.