Literature Review on Internet Language

[Abstract]

Language is a kind of culture, and for a nation to have a cultural future, it depends on innovation. In this sense, it is not terrible that new words are overused, but it is really sad if the language is rigid and the vocabulary is poor. If the language system has only basic words, always stable, the language has no vitality to speak of. Therefore, while stipulating certain norms, it is necessary to allow the existence of ambiguity, but it is even more important to actively absorb those components that can contribute to the enrichment and development of the language apart from the norms of the time. A correct view of Internet language.

[Keywords]

Internet language Culture Forms of composition Tolerance

With the development of society and the advancement of science and technology, computers are no longer wearing a mysterious veil, and more and more people are beginning to deal with computers, and computers have become an indispensable part of many people's life, work, and study. Along with the birth of a new thing will always produce a lot of incidental products, the late nineties, computer incidental products network will be like a blazing fire, spreading the whole earth, it seems that the network is everywhere, everywhere. The virtual nature of the network has brought people great freedom, and thus won the favor of countless people. The development of the Internet has also produced its spin-off - Internet language. Mr. Gao Mingkai said, "Undoubtedly, in the new social environment, the generation of new things or the concepts formed by human thinking activities as one of the social phenomena require the language, which is a tool of communication and thinking, to change and develop." Internet language, due to its special carrier and its reality of virtuality, makes the Internet language present the special and diversified nature that is rare in general language from the very beginning. People in this virtual world, in addition to the use of those standardized words, but also created a lot of words that only regular Internet users can understand.

I, the causes of Internet language, the composition of the form and characteristics

"If the frog only one person laughs at, the appearance of dinosaurs no one knows, if the face of loneliness only cigarettes and alcohol accompanied by the only Qi participation, *** share, in order to go beyond 1.2 billion times more than the cool, this is the power of the Internet. The power of online love, online gathering of wolves." This is a hilarious piece of internet hilarity that has become quite popular on the internet recently. But if you do not understand the meaning of some of the "network language", you are afraid that you do not understand what is funny. Because in the chat room, BBS, OICQ, we put "frog" than the ugly man, the "dinosaur" than the ugly woman, and the "wolf" than in the The "wolf" is compared to a bad guy on the Internet. Words with special meanings generated on the Internet, such as these, are Internet terms. In the Dictionary of Chinese Internet Language edited by Yu Genyuan, the following definition of "Internet language" is given: "'Internet language' is a product of the Internet. In the increasingly popular virtual space of the Internet, the way people express their thoughts and emotions should also be different from their real-life expression habits, so some people create 'net language' that is both surprising and infuriating and unintelligible. Most of the 'net language' is the netizens in order to improve the input speed, some Chinese and English vocabulary transformation, text, pictures, symbols and other random links and inlays. From the point of view of standardized language expression, 'net language' in which Chinese characters, numbers, and English letters are mixed and used together, there will be some strange words, wrong words, and aliases, and completely sick sentences. But in the Internet, it is an authentic language loved by netizens." One of the causes of the Internet language is for the convenience of typing, Internet access costs money, and the cost of Internet access is calculated through a unit of time. If a person's typing speed is fast, then there is no doubt that in the unit of time to enter more content, so some people in order to improve the speed will inevitably disregard the "quality", in the input of the text with the wrong words, aliases, strange words and so on. "In writing, if someone runs a magazine, a page, then called the moderator. On the Internet to be efficient, may be typed wrong, the Internet to spend money, and you even if you have money, you play slower, the other side may not take care of you, so a typed, there is a possibility that it is a 'spotter'. Use it, and then I thought it makes sense, in ancient times is bamboo tears, in fact, bamboos are also very hard to chat he also had to accompany the chat, which is also very graphic, quite good." (Yu Genyuan)

The second reason for the formation of the Internet language is because of the Intelligent All Spelling Input System, which is mostly used on Microsoft's operating system. Since there are few people who can use five-stroke typing on the Internet, it is common for people to use full-pinyin input, and since many of the words on it are not arranged according to the frequency of use, many people do not have the patience to ensure the accuracy of the typing, so they use a lot of homophones instead until they form a new vocabulary that is widely recognized. For example, the "bamboos" mentioned just now, experienced people must know that when you type BANZHU, the first thing that appears is "bamboos". "The deep-seated problem of this objective reason is due to the bottleneck between Chinese characters and computers. The entry of Chinese characters into computers has not solved the problem of the Chinese language being able to flow freely on computers. Thousands of Chinese characters cannot be compared to a few dozen phonetic characters. Computers can process foreign languages much faster than they can process Chinese characters. Therefore, the emergence of a wide variety of words on the network is a problem that is bound to occur at present. The Web urgently requires people to design more convenient and faster software for processing Chinese characters."

The psychology of Internet users is also a reason for the formation of Internet language. The main body of using network language is young college students, middle school students, technicians and so on, this group has been well educated culturally, they are lively and curious, full of innovative consciousness. Internet language not only represents high efficiency, but also is full of a sense of trend and avant-garde that seeks for newness and changes and constantly breaks through stereotypes. This kind of language, which is full of creativity and breaks through tradition, is naturally popular among young people.

There are many different forms of Internet language, which can be summarized as follows:

1. Phonetic harmony. Harmonized Internet language can be divided into numerical harmonies and textual harmonies

Two kinds.

(1) numerical harmony: usually refers to the pronunciation of the 10 Arabic numerals, combined into a series of easy to remember, easy to input words. For example: "7758" means "kiss me"; "886" means "BYE-BYE, bye-bye"; "7758" means "kiss me"; "886" means "BYE-BYE, bye-bye"; "786" means "BYE-BYE, bye-bye". "; "7456" means "I'm so angry", which is through the pronunciation of Chinese characters and numbers similar to the pronunciation of numbers, the pronunciation of numbers to harmonize the pronunciation of Chinese characters, to achieve the effect of intention and speed. "7758" can be completed with only four keystrokes, while "Kiss me" requires seven to eight keystrokes, which is far behind the former in terms of efficiency. Another example: "9494" means "that's it"; "8 wrong" means "not bad"; "1314520" means "I love you for a lifetime"; "7456" means "I'm so mad at you! "This kind of harmonization is not through the pronunciation of Mandarin, but according to the dialect to harmonize. In many parts of China, especially in the south, S and SH are indistinguishable, so the phenomenon of 4 harmonizing SHI occurs.

(2) Chinese character-type harmony: this way, in addition to the consideration of convenient input, more of a flirtatious, humorous meaning. For example: "prawn" is the "warrior" of the harmonic, referring to computer experts; due to some higher level of computer enthusiasts due to long-term addiction to the computer and hunched over, resembling a prawn, and thus the "warrior" of the harmonic "warrior". "Harmony of" prawn "appears, out of nowhere more witty humor. Also, for example, "board axe" is a "version of the vice" of the harmonics, "bamboo" "board pig" is a "moderator". The "moderators" of the harmonics.

2, text escape type. On the network, netizens to some words and add some of these words itself does not

have the meaning, but these meanings and words with the very image. For example, "irrigation" this refers to the water poured or loaded into the container, on the network is said to be in the chat room or BBS on the speech randomly written, is a common vocabulary on the BBS; "making bricks" refers to the heart to write, refers to the posters on the heart to write something. A good BBS is to have brick but also water. Irrigation and brick-making for active a BBS has a thousand and one; "upstairs and downstairs" is a common word on the BBS, used to refer to the post above and below the post.

3, symbols pictogram type. Netizens use the keyboard to arrange the combination of various symbols to create a number of new pictorial expression, or to shape the meaning, or pictorial metaphor, the effect of its expression often gives people a refreshing feeling. Taking "smile" as an example, ":-" is the most common and basic smiley face, ":-D" indicates a very happy open-mouth smile; ":-)" indicates a smile "8-)" which is a special smile for the glasses family; ";-)" refers to a winking smile; "1-D "Haha's laugh; "l-P" is a belly laugh, this kind of net language also: with ":- (" to express sadness and grief; ":-!" to express disdain, and so on.

4, English-Chinese abbreviated. English-Chinese abbreviations are mostly abbreviations of common English words. Use this abbreviation of Internet users

more or less know some common English. Common English abbreviations are: AFAIK (as far as I know) as far as I know; BTW (By the way) by the way to ask; JAM (Just a moment) wait a moment; CU (See you) goodbye; OIC (Oh, I see) Oh, I see; R U THERE (Are you there?) you in the Are you there? English diminutives can be divided into two types, one is to use the first letter of each word or phrase to indicate the whole sentence, e.g. AFAIK, BTW, JAM; the other is to diminish the words or phrases by using the similar pronunciation between the letters and words, e.g. CU, OIC, R U THERE, and sometimes both ways are used at the same time, e.g. CUL (See you later) Goodbye. Of course, there are also many Chinese abbreviations, for example: "MM" means sister; "GG" means brother; "BB" means baby. This is the use of the consonant in Hanyu Pinyin to represent a word. After the words are abbreviated, the input speed is definitely much faster than that of standardized Chinese or English.

By roughly analyzing the types of Internet language, it is not difficult to see that there is a big difference between Internet language and standard language. In general, it seems that Internet language has some of the following main characteristics:

1. Creativity. This point has been very clear in the above examples, in the introduction of symbols pictogram type network language, about the example of laughter, I guess the reader has already experienced, there is no need to do too much analysis. The whimsicality in the network language can be said to be too numerous to mention. Perhaps netizens feel that the network is a virtual space, the way to express their thoughts and feelings is different from the way people express their habits in real life, so they try to create a novel language, and they have the strength of "not surprising death".

2. Convenience. Convenience is an important reason for the formation and development of the above three types of Internet language

. It increases the speed of communication and saves time and money spent on typing and surfing the Internet.

3. Entertainment. An important motive of Internet users is to "find fun", and Internet users in the interactive process to form a unique language undoubtedly increases the fun of communication, so that the Internet has become a relaxing and interesting things. In turn, many Internet users in the process of finding fun, and create a large number of fresh Internet language, constantly enriching the vocabulary of the Internet language.

4. Irregularity. This is an inevitable consequence of the first three features. From the point of view of the standardized Chinese expression, the network language of Chinese characters, numbers, English letters, as well as the mixed use of text symbols, strange words, wrong words, aliases are endless, completely sick sentences. Experts believe that this language is too casual and unstable, and is just a trendy word game for young people.

5, keyboard characterization. The use of special characters on the computer keyboard expression is also a feature of the network language. The history of this keyboard emoticons can be traced back to 1986, a Japanese netizen at the end of the network message with a "^_^" symbol, like a squinting eyes in the face of a smile, so this expression began to take the world by storm. Inspired by this, Internet users created a series of Internet language symbols with keyboard characteristics. The use of keyboard symbols makes a cartoonish image appear on the computer screen in the network conversation, which is not only more vivid, but also reflects the characteristics of network communication "hypertext".

6, subjectivity. Network language is more rich in subjective color, it ignores the traditional grammar, arbitrary, and more and more casual, more and more trying to break the boundaries of the tendency. A network article has this sentence: "only after falling in love, only to find a little chicken ribs." The perverse pairing of "a little bit of chicken ribs," which is good at turning new ideas out of commonly used words, is a technique often used in Internet language.

7, hybridization. To a certain extent, Internet language is a mixture of different national languages, which presents the creativity, arbitrariness and simplicity of the vocabulary of Internet language in terms of form and expression. For example: "3Q" (THANK YOU) thank you; "B4" (BEFORE) before; "ME 2" (ME TOO) me too, and so on.

8, figurative. We have just mentioned the keyboard characterization can reflect the image of network language, in addition, the image of network language is also expressed in some image of network language. For example, Internet users are called "Internet bugs", so the primary Internet users are "crawlers", the senior Internet users are "flying insects", and "this way" is connected to "this way". "The combination of "this way" and "酱紫"(by the influence of RTHK accent) has both visual and implied taste effects.

It can be said that these features of Internet language coincide with the sociological characteristics of the Internet user group. According to previous surveys, we know that about 80% of Internet users are under 30 years old, and the proportion of those with college education or above is also around 80% (see the second issue of Society 1999, Wang Yonggang, "Who's on the Internet"). This is enough to illustrate the characteristics of Internet users as a group: firstly, they are young and secondly, they are educated. These people are active in their thinking, like new things, advocate innovation, and are not willing to bear too many constraints in real life. In addition, they not only use this language when surfing the Internet, but also begin to use this language even in their life and study, especially the student group.

The influence of Internet language on people's study and life

Teenage students are the main group of Internet users, and in some primary and secondary schools, Internet language has become the mantra of many students, and even in the classroom, we often hear students using it. Is Internet language a word game for newcomers or a positive development of modern Chinese? What are the attitudes of people from all walks of life towards it?

1. Students find it interesting, fashionable and convenient.

(1) Some students said that the use of language should be unconventional, and the lively and interesting Internet language is lively and humorous, very convenient and fashionable, and very popular among students. Anyone who talks and chats with others in a serious manner on the Internet will be ridiculed and made fun of.

(2) Some other students said that the lively and interesting online language is actually the same as comedy and sketches, and is also a manifestation of the charm of the language, and that many best-selling online novels, such as First Close Encounters and Porky's Diary, are full of online language such as "beauty" and "frog". " such network language, reading it is refreshing, if these words are replaced with orthodox expressions, it is much less readable.

(3) A boy with six years of Internet experience said, "I have been chatting on QQ since my first year of high school, and now I spend more than six hours online every day. It's really hard to change in life after getting used to using internet language."

(4) A junior student in a middle school in Lanzhou said that students feel close to each other when they use Internet language. Although teachers do not approve of students using this kind of language, they still can't help but want to write because they feel that what they write and say in this kind of language is very vivid.

(5) A sophomore from a secondary school in Lanzhou said that Internet language is a kind of language derived from the Chinese language family to adapt to the high-speed society, which can increase the affinity and freshness of communication, but if it is used indiscriminately and separated from the Internet as a carrier, it will be a blasphemy to the language and writing.

(6) A senior at a high school in Lanzhou said that the language of the Internet is very graphic and convenient, and many of the symbols work well on cell phones, which brings a lot of benefits to texting.

2. Teachers believe that Internet language impacts language teaching

(1) A language teacher at a senior high school in Lanzhou said that because of the influence of Internet language, some students would coldly come up with a word from the Internet in their compositions. Some older teachers simply can't figure out what it means. In normal teaching, we ask students to write essays as much as possible in colloquial language, but the students' essays will be collected, but some students will still use such words as "kubi", "kawaii" and so on. He believes that if they are not guided, students are likely to develop bad habits that do not standardize the use of language and writing.

(2) A language teacher at a secondary school in Lanzhou said that students face the pressure of exams and promotions, and in such realistic conditions, the use of Internet language will only bring about "insecurity". Marking teachers on the network language generally do not buy, which will affect their test scores.

(3) A middle school language teacher in Lanzhou City said, "I don't encourage my students to write essays in Internet language. Every time I see students using network language in their compositions I want to stop it because it does not conform to the language norms. Sometimes, quoting Internet language in the characters' dialogues which is in line with their identities will add color to the essay, which is a kind of language use, but it should not be abused.

3, parents think that the network language makes them form a generation gap with their children

(1) A parent said that inadvertently found in his daughter's diary there are such words: "...... did not think that my closest friend to deceive me, TMD, 7456, I hate a foot! TST." The parent read it and didn't know what to make of it until her child explained it to her. She said, "What kind of words are these? The diary has become a code book, and I can't read it at all. It seems that there is already a 'cyber ditch' between my child and me."

(2) Xiaonan, who lives in Chengguan District, was good at writing essays when she was in elementary school. After entering middle school, Xiaonan became addicted to the Internet. Recently, the teacher said at a parent-teacher conference that she couldn't understand some of the essays written by Xiaonan, and that "PF", "BT" and "4242" were all used in them. The mother of Xiaonan opened her daughter's composition book and saw that there were circles written by the teacher with a red pen, all of which were unintelligible internet language.

(3) Some parents believe that to keep their children free from the influence of Internet language, they need to keep them away from the Internet. But the children have reflected that the Internet world is colorful, using the Internet can gain a lot of knowledge, which makes parents have a dilemma.

4, experts believe that tolerance is more important than stifling

(1) Experts said that Internet language is also a language practice, and the fact that it can be popular among students shows that it has vitality. However, if what is written in Internet language is unintelligible to most people and affects communication, the meaning of the language is lost. Meanwhile, parents and teachers should view the phenomenon with tolerance and understanding.

(2) Tang Jifu, a professor at the Chinese Department of Tianjin Normal University, believes that the faster and more rapid the development of society, the language will continue to be enriched and updated. For the emergence of network popular language can not simply judge the right and wrong, it enters people's lives need to be a gradual process of acceptance, so the network language tolerance is more important than stifling. Nowadays, many teachers and parents worry that the extensive use of Internet language in the composition will affect the children's examination results, this idea is actually unscientific. In our country vigorously advocate comprehensive quality education today, quality education to replace the examination education is an inevitable trend, some of the vivid vitality of the language will no longer become a taboo college entrance examination essay.

(3) Zhu Dongliang, an associate professor at Xiamen University's Department of Sociology, believes that these young people are using a kind of networked minimalist communication, and that networked language is a specific language and code for this group. Parents' concerns have some merit and deserve the attention of linguists, but it is not yet possible to conclude that the generation gap has deepened because of the use of Internet language.

(4) A professor in Nanjing, Wang, who is engaged in linguistic tutorials, said that in the long-term development of a language, some new words will appear, some of which will have vitality and some of which will be eliminated, and that some of these emerging Internet words may become new vocabulary in the Chinese language. Internet language is a kind of flirtation language for young people, and it also has a problem of vitality. There should be a process of removing the false from the true and the rough from the fine. Don't make a fuss about the emergence of Internet language, don't regard it as a flood beast, we should look at the impact of Internet language on students objectively, and can't kill Internet language with a stick. Internet language reflects a certain social phenomenon and is recognized among a certain group of people, and there is no need to stop it artificially at present. For example, some popular slang and colloquialisms have a strong vitality, and it has been proved that these languages have only benefits but no disadvantages to the society. If it is some unhealthy language such as jianghu black language, it should be resolutely stopped.

Third, the attitude towards Internet language

The attitude of the experts towards Internet language has gone through a process from disdain to exploration and research. The emergence of the Internet language dictionary reminds people of the 1958 word reform, when the main tasks of the word reform were: to simplify the Chinese character to make it easier for the general public to grasp and use, so as to eliminate illiteracy among the general public in a more, better, faster, and more economical way, to popularize and improve the culture; and to promote the promotion of Putonghua, so as to eliminate the gap between dialects and to promote the further unification of the Chinese language, so as to make our language better able to serve the socialist construction of our country. Nowadays, the vernacular language has been inspired by the computer network and multimedia to derive the novel net language, which has an epoch-making significance in the history of language.

Language is a kind of culture, and for a nation to have a cultural future, it depends on innovation. In this sense, it is not terrible that new words are overused, but it is really sad if the language is rigid and the vocabulary is poor. If the system of vocabulary has only basic words and is always stable, the language will have no vitality to speak of. Therefore, while stipulating certain norms, it is necessary to allow for the existence of ambiguities, but it is even more necessary to positively absorb those elements that can contribute to the enrichment and development of the language without departing from the norms of the time. In December 2001, the "National Chinese Vocabulary Norms Academic Seminar", more than 40 experts and scholars of the *** knowledge is: can not be general word norms of the characteristics of the requirements of the new vocabulary. Treat new vocabulary to be tolerant, to have "vocabulary protection" consciousness, but also to have "taste" consciousness and "normative degree" consciousness. Specifically to the "network language", experts believe that the network word is a new word in the alternative, whether or not to regulate now, and how to regulate is still to be seen. Language is constantly developing, constantly evolving, the Wei Jin and North and South Dynasties Buddhist language is applied to a large number of Chinese, the May 4th period, a large number of Western languages into the promotion of today's vernacular language formation. And the network language is a computer is a derivative of the network, it is a manifestation of scientific and technological progress, of course, there are also many uncivilized content, so we should take the essence of the process of use, go to its bad platinum. After all, the rise of the Internet is not long, with the passage of time, the words that meet the language norms will remain, while those that do not meet the norms will naturally be eliminated. Language is a reflection of the times, and to a certain extent, Internet language is also a reflection of the current network era, which is closely related to the way of life and state of mind of modern people. Prof. Gu Xiaoming of Fudan University said, "Internet language and its writing style are profoundly affecting the daily life of young people nowadays. At the beginning of this century, the vernacular language, which was created due to the popularization of media such as broadcasting movies and modern printing press, was the most revolutionary in the history of language. Now, as the new century is approaching, the vernacular language has been inspired by computer networks and multimedia, and has given rise to the novel 'net language' and 'net language and writing', which are closely connected with the language of the new generation of young people, and will become the way of language in the new century. " In addition, cyberlanguage conforms to the laws and trends of Chinese language and language development in some aspects. For example, it does make Chinese take a step from an epigraphic language to an epigraphic language by means of harmonization, and it makes up for some deficiencies in the input speed of Chinese on computers to a certain extent by means of abbreviation and so on. In daily life and online communication, there is no harm in using some unstandardized but vivid language. As a writer said, "If an elementary school student writes a composition in which some of the Internet language used is understood by all his classmates but only by the teacher, then we all know who the problem is." In the process of language teaching, the teacher should correctly guide students to the correct and standardized use of language and writing, but should not resolutely stop students from using fresh, lively and civilized net language, but should make students understand what is the standardized usage, and in what kind of occasions to use what kind of language. Yu Genyuan said: "Norms are to promote development, and what restricts development is not norms in the true sense of the word". Treating network language we should not rush to regulate it this way and that way, not to mention hostile, should take a tolerant attitude, in time to find gold.

[Bibliography]

(1) Gao Mingkai, Theory of Language, Beijing: Commercial Press, 1995

(2) Hu Mingyang, Introduction to Linguistics, Beijing: Language Publishing House, 2000

(3) Yu Genyuan, A Dictionary of Chinese Internet Languages, Beijing: China Economy Publishing House, 2001

[Abstract]

[Abstract][English Abstract]. Abstract: With the development of the internet, the vocabulary of the network is gradually coming into vogue and people is beginning to pay attention to it Because of it's peculiar expression, it has made a notable impact on traditional language. Therefore, we should properly guide it so that Therefore, we should properly guide it so that it can develop healthil

Are you satisfied with the above answer?

Are you satisfied with the above answers?