What's in China's garden?

China ancient garden elements: mountains, water conservancy, animals, plants, buildings, couplets, plaques, stone carvings! Specifically: (1) Tushan and Shishan.

Rockery stacks are classified by location, including Tingshan, Bishan, Loushan and Chishan. Stone materials include lake stone, Huangshi stone, Fangshan stone, bluestone, Yingde stone and yellow wax stone.

Lake stone: skinny on the outside, porous on the inside and exquisite. Taihu stone

Criteria for appreciating lake stones:

Thin: The shape of the stone should be thin and symmetrical.

Permeability: the stone has vertical and horizontal texture and the channel is transparent.

Leak: there are holes in the stone, which are exquisite in all directions.

Wrinkles: there should be wrinkles on the surface of the stone, which has the vicissitudes of the real mountain.

Ugly: unique.

Water-the blood of the garden

Water: vitality, vigor and aura

Different postures of water have different aesthetic effects:

Gurgling water: lively and fresh.

Dead water: a calm, soft and gentle girl.

Splashing water: chic, free and easy, eclectic.

Mysterious, quiet, fountain outside the sky.

The relationship between mountains and water:

The aesthetic feeling produced by the combination of mountains and rivers: static and dynamic, rigid and soft, real and virtual.

Zou Diguang, an Amin, said: "It is not surprising that there are only mountains and water in the garden of scenic spots, whether there are mountains without water or water without mountains." Mountains are charming because of water, and water is fresh because of mountains.

Bai Juyi's "Spring on the Lake": "Spring on the Lake is like a picture scroll, and the chaotic peaks spread around the steps. Pine rows cover thousands of green hills, and there are pearls in the heart of the moon. "

Small area, centralized water control, small pool, but "like a spoonful of Wan Li".

Large-scale and decentralized water management. "twists and turns, confusing."

(C) architecture-the eyes of the garden

Type: building, pavilion, hall, hall, porch, museum, vegetarian restaurant, pavilion, platform, pavilion, boat, corridor and bridge.

Functions: Banquet, poetry and painting, entertainment, scenery appreciation and rest.

The pavilion is similar to the building, but more exquisite. It has two floors, windows on all sides, and is light in shape. It is used for storing things, collecting books, offering Buddha or hiking.

Hall: it is often the main building in the garden and is located in an important part of the garden. The hall is used to receive guests' banquets, watch flowers and trees or sing songs in the hall. It is required to accommodate many guests, so it has a large area and spacious space. The hall is the residence of the owner of the garden and the head of the family, and it is also a place for family celebrations. The space is slightly smaller than the hall, and the indoor space is often divided by fans and antique shelves.

Pavilion: The function of the pavilion is for people to rest and enjoy the garden scenery.

Different pavilions: round pavilion, square pavilion, hexagonal pavilion, octagonal pavilion, fan pavilion and plum blossom pavilion.

Facade: pyramid-shaped roof, single eaves, double eaves and three eaves.

Pavilion on the commanding heights: climb high and overlook the whole park.

Pavilion among trees: looming, adding mystery.

Lake pavilion: illusory, like entering a fairyland.

Corridor: Silent guiding lines naturally connect the scenic spots in different positions to form a clever transition, which can also increase the depth and layering of the scenery and increase the contrast and change of space.

Types: straight corridor, curved corridor, composite corridor, climbing corridor, double corridor, swastika corridor, flower corridor, veranda, etc.

The shape of the winding corridor is graceful. "It bends with the shape, bends with the trend, or bends on the mountainside, or is poor in water, and runs through the valley flowers." Travelers walk in it, changing the scenery and enjoying the endless beauty.

The cloister is a decorative wall in the middle of the corridor, which divides the corridor into two parts: the inside and the outside. There is a leaking window on the partition wall in the middle of the corridor, and the interior and exterior scenery are separated.

Pavilion and boat: buildings born of water. The pavilion is built by water, also known as the waterside pavilion. The water-crossing part is supported by stone pillars in the water, with wooden boards on it and railings around it. Standing by the water's edge and overlooking by the railing adds ethereal beauty. A boat is a dry boat, which imitates the shape of a boat and is built according to water.

Bridge: a building connected with the landscape in the garden, which is convenient for tourists to cross the water body in the garden, and can also connect scenic spots, decorate the landscape and increase the natural interest of the garden.

Type: flat bridge, curved bridge and arch bridge

Pingqiao is simple and simple, with the beauty of wild Shan Ye forest. Curved bridges, such as Yuyuan Garden in Shanghai and Jiuqu Bridge in West Lake in Hangzhou, have a quiet winding path and beautiful shape, which is convenient for visiting water features and prolonging the viewing time of tourists. Arch bridges are divided into single arch and multi-arch, and their reflections are reflected in the water, forming a special scenery like jade belt.

(d) flowers and trees-hair in the garden

Functions: enclose space, reflect time, decorate mountain ponds, decorate buildings, organize roads, compare scales, match the main scenery and enrich levels.

The natural attributes of flowers and trees can give people a certain symbolic meaning and spiritual sustenance, such as the vigor of pine and cypress, the nobility of plum blossom, the free and easy bamboo, the attachment of willow and the nobility of peony.

The planting of flowers and trees in the garden should be coordinated with other elements, so as to dilute the traces of artificial landscaping and make the garden show natural interest.

(5) The number of couplets

Function: Spot the scenery, which is helpful for visitors to deepen their knowledge and understanding of the psychological state of the gardener when he makes a garden.

Most of them are four figures, representing the ten scenic spots of the West Lake:

Su Causeway Xiao Chun, Pinghu Qiuyue, Huagang watching fish, Liulang listening to warblers, the two peaks cut into the clouds.

San Tan Yin Yue, Lei Feng Zhao Xi, Nanping Night Bell, Qu Yuan Feng Lian, Broken Bridge Canxue.

Five words

Lotus Pavilion in Humble Administrator's Garden;

Who to sit on the porch with;

Net lion park arrives at the moon wind pavilion;

In contrast, couplets in garden buildings can better reflect the style and artistic conception of scenic spots because of their large number of words.