From Sui Dynasty to Five Dynasties, what were the applications of bricks and tiles in architecture?

The application of bricks, from the late Tang Dynasty to the Five Dynasties, big cities in the south, such as Jiangxia, Chengdu, Fuzhou and Suzhou, built cities with bricks one after another. Brick tombs and brick towers are more. Brick towers have many forms, such as square, hexagon, octagon, circle, etc. Since the prosperous Tang Dynasty, they have imitated the structural style of wooden buildings and influenced the shape of Song Tower. Before the Tang Dynasty, brick tower structures were all surrounded by thick walls, hollowed out in the middle and straight up and down. Only wooden components are used as layered floors, and the wooden floors are built on overlapping eaves protruding inward. For example, the two existing brick pagodas in the Tang Dynasty in Xi-Big Wild Goose Pagoda and Small Wild Goose Pagoda are examples of such pagodas. Wooden towers burn easily because they can't prevent fire. When the output of bricks and the structural technology of bricks reach a certain level, it is an inevitable trend to build towers with bricks instead of wood, and palaces also use tiles to pave the floor. Towers, tombs and building structures are also made of many stones. The art of stone carving has reached a very exquisite level in grottoes, monuments and stone statues, and it is often painted and gilded on the stone surface.

There are three kinds of tiles: gray, black and glazed tiles. Gray bricks are relatively loose and are generally used in buildings. Black tiles are made of clear mud with dense texture and smooth surface, and are often used in palaces and temples. The glazed tiles unearthed from Daming Palace in Chang 'an are mostly green, followed by blue, with green glazed tiles engraved with lotus flowers on the surface, while the palaces in Tokyo, Bohai Sea (now near Ning 'an, Heilongjiang Province) are built on the pillars of green glazed components. The roofs of important buildings in the Tang Dynasty are often covered with tiles and kisses. Compared with Song, Ming and Qing Dynasties, the form of kissing is much simpler and more elegant. Lotus petal patterns are commonly used in ceramic tiles. There are also tiles made of wood, painted outside, "carved copper to make tiles."