How to study the scientific ideas in Yijing

In the 20th century, with the interactive movement of the world's various cultural systems passive, the original cultural and economic foundations were shaken and fractured. These changes forced the traditional philosophy that originally supported the spirit and culture of the whole Chinese society to face the "screening" of a new context, therefore, "updating" the discourse in the new context became an important "fashion" in the 20th century in the Chinese thought world. Therefore, "updating" the discourse in the new context has become an important "fashion" in Chinese thought in the 20th century. Yi science is no exception, which is the most characteristic of the era is known as the "scientific Yi" of the new Yi science boom.

The modern sense of "science" should be said to have arisen in modern Europe. However, it is undeniable that the historical starting point of science is the same as the starting point of human culture. Cultural anthropology research shows that in the primitive society, science and witchcraft have no obvious boundaries, and, "witchcraft and science in the concept of understanding the world is similar, both believe that the succession of events is completely regular and certain, and therefore can be accurately foreseen and projected. For those who know the causes of things and have access to the mysteries of the universe, both witchcraft and science seem to open up the prospect of infinite possibilities. Thus both witchcraft and science powerfully stimulate the quest for knowledge." Wizards were the earliest summarizers and masters of human knowledge, and their occupations were related to celestial phenomena and topography, the knowledge of which constituted the basic framework of time and space in people's spiritual world; their concerns and related practical activities contributed to the formation of the knowledge system in early China. Such knowledge included: astronomy and calendar, astrology, astrological observation, style selection, turtle divination, wind and horn, five sounds related to "heaven"; shape and method related to "earth"; dream divination, invocation of souls, impeachment and impeachment related to "human beings"; the "sky" and the "earth". The knowledge of the Chinese people is also related to the "human beings", such as the invocation of souls, impeachment, food, room, and guidance. Obviously, this knowledge is the original source of ancient Chinese astronomy, geology, medicine, mathematics and other disciplines, and the Zhouyi is a philosophical summary of the cosmology and methodology embodied in this specific knowledge.

The nature of the Zhouyi, especially the I Ching, has been a subject of much debate throughout the ages, and this has much to do with the richness and heterogeneity of the content of the I Ching itself. In terms of the trigrams and lines of the I Ching, no matter what interpretation angle is chosen, it is impossible to deny and ignore the obvious divinatory component of it. Combined with the archaeological discoveries of recent decades and the research results of ancient documents, it is reasonable to believe that: the multi-level, multi-directional interpretation and derivation around the Zhouyi over the centuries - I Ching is the spiritual origin and kernel of the Chinese civilization, and it is the most important part of the Chinese culture. As the spiritual origin and core of Chinese civilization, Yiology is a typical embodiment of the witch-history tradition. The so-called "Yi Dao is vast and all-encompassing, beside astronomy, geography, music, military law, rhyme, arithmetic, in order to catch the fire outside the square, all can be supported by Yi to say, and the good Yi to invoke into the Yi, Yi said to the most complicated" [2]. Today, the knowledge system known as "Yijing" if the current classification standards of the discipline, it is difficult to categorize it into a clear-cut expertise, the reason for this is because of the "up is to look at the image in the sky, down is to look at the law in the ground, look at the birds and animals of the text, and the ground of the appropriate, close to the body, far from all things" as a methodology, but not the same. All things" as the methodological basis of the "Yi Dao" "vast and complete, there is the way of heaven, there is the way of man, there is the way of the earth", contains the first people in life, society, nature in all aspects of practical experience. These experiences through a high degree of wisdom of the philosopher's processing and refinement, and ultimately formed a set of yin and yang, five elements of gossip flow migration, the cycle, endless as the core content of the relationship between people and their survival of the world depends on the "icon" structural system. Such a "diagram" structural system is rooted in the Chinese national spirit of the deep "unity of man and nature" concept of the specific reflection, and with the history of witch tradition is closely integrated together, constituting a unique cognitive structure and mode of thinking. After the two Han Dynasty, with the establishment of the hegemonic position of the "Five Classics" in the power of discourse as the primary canon of Chinese thought, the above ideas and structural patterns contained in the "Zhouyi", the first of the "Five Classics", have been continued and developed, and have influenced the formation and development of other intellectual disciplines to a wider extent.

From the first of the "Five Classics", the "Zhouyi" has been able to continue and develop the above ideas and structural patterns, and in a wider range of influences on the formation and development of other knowledge categories.

From the perspective of the history of the development of Yijing, there is a clear interactive relationship between Yijing and the development of other categories of knowledge. As part of the creative thinking of Song and Yuan mathematical and scientific scientists, the philosophy of mathematics and physics developed in the discussions among the mathematical, scientific and qi schools of Yijing in the Song Dynasty about numbers and images, numbers and reasoning, and numbers and objects or qi became a major source of motivation to push mathematics and physics to the highest peak of traditional Chinese sciences. Some important achievements of Chinese science and technology in the Ming Dynasty, such as Li Shizhen's natural classification of materia medica, Zhu Zai's invention of the twelve laws of averages, Xu Xiake's doctrine of observation and analysis of topography, as well as Song Yingxing's significant developments in acoustics and Fang Yizhi's in optics, are all closely related to it.

Since modern times, although Chinese culture has encountered Western culture head-on, the foundation of Chinese culture is still very solid, and the dominant discourse represented by Confucianism is still able to control the ideology of the whole society, therefore, it is inevitable that the meeting of Chinese and Western cultures during this period can only be in the "Western learning from the source", Therefore, it was inevitable that the integration of Chinese and Western cultures during this period could only be carried out under the guidance of concepts such as "Western learning from the West" and "applying the Chinese system to the West. Due to the irreplaceable importance of Yijing in the field of traditional thought, it has always been the main direction of people's efforts to integrate Yijing with modern Western science. Among them, Xu Guangqi, Fang Yizhi, Jiang Yong and Jiao Chuan are the representatives. For example, Fang Yizhi, like Newton, sought a scientific view of the Three Laws from scientific practice, and could only detect mysticism from the Zhouyi, Hetu, and Luoshu as a weapon to improve Western science, so his attempts came to a failure"[3]. From a modern point of view, Fang Yizhi's failure is a profound manifestation of the inherent differences between Chinese and Western cultures in conflict with each other, and the deficiencies reflected in his personal body are a refraction of certain deficiencies of the whole culture, which is quite universal. From the current state of scientific research, there are roughly three tendencies: one is to study the interrelationship between Yijing and ancient science and technology; the second is to reinterpret the traditional Yijing with certain achievements of modern science; and the third is to compare the traditional Yijing with modern science.

The so-called science, its essential feature lies in the use of such as categories, theorems, laws and other forms of thinking to reflect the properties and laws of various phenomena in the real world, is a kind of human knowledge system. The development of science, as Einstein pointed out, "is based on two great achievements, that is, the invention of the system of formal logic by the Greek philosophers (in Euclidean geometry), and the discovery (in the Renaissance) that it is possible to find out the causal relationships through systematic experiments"[4]. Logical thinking is the basic mode of thinking in science, which is characterized by the formation of concepts by abstracting the characteristics and essence of things, and reflecting the process of reality by judging and reasoning with the help of concepts in the process of understanding. Therefore, if we remove all the sacred halos and veils artificially shrouded on science, "science is nothing but the manifestation of perception, the explanation of intention, the perfection of common sense and the precise expression of language". In other words, science is one of the modes of human cognitive structure.

As pointed out at the beginning of this article, the twentieth century was a century of radical changes in Chinese society, in which the concept of science rapidly landed in the Middle Kingdom under the sway of powerful material forces, and with the disintegration of the original economic foundation of Chinese society, it took the dominant position in the newly born social ideology. In such a situation, some of the original ideas and discourse in order to survive, or active or passive discourse "update" in order to get a new context in the new "*** knowledge" is also very natural. From this point of view, many of the developments of the twentieth-century Yijing, including textual and historical evidence, and scientific Yijing attempts to re-interpret Yijing (which has fundamentally changed the direction of Yijing's efforts to interpret Western studies, such as those of Fang Yizhi), consciously or unconsciously are under the guidance of the concept of scientific pragmatism and pragmatism in the Yijing repositioning in the new discourse system, a kind of effort.

While the research method of scientific Yi has been positively responded to by many people, and although science and Yiology have the same source of ancient witchcraft and there are indeed many areas of mutual interpretation between the two, it is necessary to face up to the differences of such an essential significance: Yiology and science are strictly two different cognitive structures under two different modes of thinking, which are different perspectives chosen by human beings to look at the world. They are different perspectives chosen by human beings to view the world. One of the most important aspects of scientific thinking is the logical analysis of observations, which is guided by a set of strict rules that have been subjected to a maximum of *** knowledge tests and thus guarantee the verifiability of the results of the analytical reasoning in *** knowledge. With the essence of the difference, on behalf of the most typical characteristics of the Yi thinking Yi image thinking is imaginative, it is largely unanalyzable, the results of its evolution has a strong personal color, is the individual thinker in a particular psychological state can not yet be explained by the understanding obtained. The so-called "Yi" in the "Yi Chuan", "Yi" no thought, no action, silent and motionless, sense and then pass the reason for heaven and earth," is precisely the Yi Xiang thinking this distinctive "sense of pass" characteristics. This mode of thinking is the most fundamental embodiment of the concept of "unity of heaven and man", and "unity of heaven and man" itself is not so much a concept, rather than a "realm", so the "Yi Chuan" of the That is why the author of Yi Chuan went on to say: "If it is not the greatest god in the world, who can be with it? There are many things in traditional Yijing that seem to be mysticism today, to a certain extent, it lies in the realm of Yixiang thinking is uniqueness, a certain phenomenon, state or feeling is "mysterious" because they are beyond the limitations of the reality of "**** knowledge The reason for this is that they are beyond the scope of what can be comprehended by the limited reality of "*** knowledge".

With the "unique knowledge" and "*** knowledge" of such a perspective, we have a relatively objective understanding of science easy. It should be said that the scientific Yi is in a new context to re-interpret the traditional Yi science, in order to establish a new "*** knowledge" foundation for Yi science. Although there is a raw pull and even swallow the ingredients, there are scholars criticized "ugly science", "pseudo-science" phenomenon, but after all, it makes Yijing in the new situation to get a new foothold, and for the more and more in the scientific discourse It provides a practical way for people who have grown up under the influence of scientific discourse to understand and recognize Yijing, and provides a new way for the fusion of Chinese and Western cultures.