The architectural feature of Ming and Qing Dynasties is to write a 2500-word argumentative essay.

The ancient houses in China are really too old, because we can even walk into the cavemen's homes. Many houses in China have their own customs. They are the materialized life style of the ancients and the most important stage for people of all ethnic groups in China to interpret life dramas.

The forms of folk houses are rich and colorful, and the types are amazing. Buildings in the north often use thick walls as four walls to resist the cold climate of wind, frost, rain and snow, while buildings in the south are hot and humid, which need to be well ventilated and moisture-proof to create a more comfortable environment.

The word "houses" originated from Zhou Li: "There are two people who argue about houses, enriching the people, loving birds and animals, planting plants and trees, and knowing the harm." Shu Yue said, "Since we know where the twelve places are suitable, we can look at each other's houses and make them suitable." Folk houses are the houses of ordinary people other than the royal family, including the mansions of dignitaries.

First, Shanxi folk houses

Traditional houses in China are all over the country, with extensive and rich contents. When it comes to northern dwellings, people will first think of the famous Beijing quadrangle. As we all know, the essence of northern folk houses is in Shanxi. Just as the ancient temples and other official buildings in Shanxi Province are the most complete, oldest and best in quality in China, Shanxi Province is also the province with the largest number of existing traditional residential buildings, high quality and extremely high artistic achievements.

(1) Jinzhong Guangsha-Qiaojiayuan

Among the traditional houses in China, in terms of architectural art, Shanxi houses are as famous as Huizhou houses in southern Anhui, known as "northern Shaanxi and southern Anhui". The Qiao Family Courtyard, which is famous overseas for a movie "Hanging the Red Lantern High", is located in Qixian County, Shanxi Province.

The layout and shape of Qixian folk houses are quite distinctive, belonging to typical Shanxi folk houses. First, the courtyard is mostly a vertical rectangle with narrow east and west and long north and south, and the courtyard door is mostly opened in the southeast corner, which is in line with the saying of "Kanzhai follows the door" in Feng Shui. Second, the main houses are single-slope roofs, and the houses around the courtyard are mostly single-slope roofs inclined into the inner courtyard, which makes the outer wall tall and rainwater flow into the courtyard, forming a "rich water does not flow into the field". Third, the outer wall is tall and heavy, and it is extremely defensive. There are high walls without windows on both sides of the roadway in Qixian County. Being in it, I can't help but think of my past seclusion.

Among the residential buildings in Qixian County, the most famous is the Qiao Family Courtyard. The shooting angle in the film "Hanging the Red Lantern High" clearly reflects the layout characteristics and spatial combination of this ancient residential building, as well as the exquisite details decoration. Although the photographer only uses these as the background to render the story, we can still feel the grandeur of this mansion.

1. Strict and orderly castle

The Qiao Family Courtyard is located in Qiaojiabao Village, Qixian County. This is a village with local characteristics. Walking into Qiaojiabao village, the roadside is a towering blue-gray brick wall with no windows, and occasionally there are one or two arched doorways with black painted wooden doors, which are very alert.

The courtyard faces the street on three sides, independent of the surrounding houses. The courtyard is surrounded by closed brick walls, which are more than three feet high. The upper layer is the battlements of the female wall, which are dotted with more floors and pavilions, just like the watchtower on the city wall, which is very imposing. The Qiao Family Courtyard is such a totally enclosed square castle courtyard.

The Qiao Family Courtyard was built in the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, and after two additions and repairs, the existing pattern was built. The whole house is divided into 6 courtyards and 19 small courtyards, with a total of 3 13 rooms, covering an area of about 8,700 square meters. There are many buildings without chaos, and the layout is rigorous and orderly.

2. Novel and unique modeling

A major modeling feature of Shanxi folk houses is the single-slope roof, which inclines inward, while the high wall behind the single-slope roof faces the outside of the courtyard, and the wall is tall and closed, which is highly defensive. Shanxi's climate is dry, with strong winds in spring and summer, and the tall external walls can prevent wind. However, the single-slope-top residential buildings in Qixian county have unique local characteristics, all of which adopt the form of ship side reverse curvature, which is different from the common single-concave or convex roof, and the form is novel and unique.

The most distinctive feature of the jstars courtyard is its owner's roof. The tower on the gate is the only way to the darkroom on the roof, and you must go up and down the stairs through a dark passage below. After going up, all the roofs can go. The passage on the roof is mainly designed for the night watchman. The road is winding, but it extends in all directions. There is also a night watchman's building on the roof of the Qiao's compound, which is small in scale but exquisite. The top of the bungalow can walk freely, but there is a narrow road at the top of the single slope, and there is a low parapet on the outside to prevent people from falling.

Standing on the roof of the Qiao Family Courtyard and seeing the ups and downs in front of you will make people feel the rhythm and mystery of architectural aesthetics, which is repetitive, staggered, continuous and intermittent.

3. Exquisite detail decoration

In such a large courtyard, decorative details such as brick carvings and wood carvings abound, which is dazzling. And every sculpture, every painting, has its own folk customs and stories, which are worth remembering.

There are six yards in the jstars courtyard. Although after several stages of construction, the middle time and space span nearly two centuries, but still maintain a unified style. The whole building is integrated, which fully demonstrates the superb architectural technology level of the ancient working people in China.

Ancient streets and lanes, towering gray brick walls, ornately decorated carved gatehouses, wooden stakes for tying horses in front of doors and stones for mounting horses ... Wandering among them, we seem to have returned to the prosperous times of Jinzhong, and felt the peaceful and happy life of residents at that time, and also realized the yearning for a better life expressed by predecessors with the help of architecture. ...

(B) The Pearl of North China Plain-Pingyao Folk Houses

Pingyao ancient city is the essence of northern folk houses. The structure of villages and towns here is neat and rigorous, and the arrangement of houses themselves is very neat and relatively closed, showing an introverted form. On both sides of the straight and narrow street, there are mountain-style gatehouses, which are simple and clear, marking the entrance of the people below. Below the gate, beautifully decorated and colorful beams hang from the wall, supporting the same exquisite bucket arch, which supports the roof above, and the ridge on it is flush with the end of the courtyard wall, giving people a feeling of "seeing the wall but not seeing the house". On the outer wall along the street next to it, all kinds of holes are built with neat floor tiles.