Garden seedling identification

Trees, shrubs and woody vines

The difference between trees and shrubs can be distinguished by height. Trees are generally tall, and can grow to a height of 6- 10m, with obvious tall trunks, while shrubs are relatively low, generally below 6m, with low trunks and no obvious trunks. For example, common trees include osmanthus fragrans, cherry blossoms, willows, Sophora japonica, fatong and so on. Shrubs include Nandina domestica, Chinese rose and clove.

Characteristics of garden seedlings and some diseases and insect pests that are prone to occur

Evergreen tree:

yearn for

Pine: Pinaceae, Pinaceae. Pine trees are wheel-shaped branches with long internodes, thin and flat branchlets or slightly bent downward, and slender needles in bundles. Its crown looks fluffy but not compact, and the word "loose" is an image description of its crown characteristics. So "pine" is a kind of tree with fluffy crown. Pine trees are strong and live long? There are more than 80 kinds of pine trees in the world, which are mainly divided into Pinus massoniana, Pinus tabulaeformis, Pinus bungeana, Pinus tabulaeformis, Pinus densiflora, Pinus thunbergii, Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica and Cedar.

Cedar:

Pests are:

1 Dendrolimus punctatus

2.Bursaphelenchus xylophilus

Diseases include:

1, rot disease

2. Powdery mildew

3. Ring rot

Magnolia grandiflora: evergreen trees of Magnoliaceae and Magnolia, also known as Magnolia grandiflora and Magnolia grandiflora. Leaves leathery, leaf length 10 ~ 20 cm; Flowers as big as lotus, white or yellowish, fragrant, usually 6 petals, 20-30cm in diameter, flowering from May to July; The seed skin is red, and the fruit matures in September ~ 10.

Cinnamomum camphora: an evergreen tree of Cinnamomum of Lauraceae, belonging to subtropical evergreen broad-leaved tree species. Sex likes warm and humid climate conditions and is not cold-resistant. It is suitable to live in areas where the annual average temperature is above 16 ~ 17℃ and the absolute low temperature is above -7℃. Cinnamomum camphora is not strict with soil, and it grows well in deep and fertile clay loam, sandy loam, acidic soil and neutral soil, and can also grow in saline-alkali soil with salt content below 0.2%. The branches and leaves of Cinnamomum camphora are broken, giving off fragrance, which has a certain repellent effect on mosquitoes, and there are few pests and diseases in the growing season. It is also an important environmental protection tree species.

insect pest

① Camphor sawfly.

② Anoplophora longicorn.

③ Camphor leaf roller moth.

④ Moth moth.

disease

① Powdery mildew.

② Black spot disease.

Ligustrum lucidum: a plant, shrub or small tree of Ligustrum of Oleaceae, with a height of12m; The bark is grayish brown. Branches yellow-brown, brown or gray, cylindrical, sparsely round lenticels. The leaves are papery, elliptic-lanceolate, ovoid-lanceolate or oblong, and the leaves on the flower branches are sometimes narrowly elliptic or ovoid-elliptic. Loose panicles, terminal or axillary; Peduncle 0-3 cm long; Inflorescence rachis and branching rachis angular. Fruit elliptic or subglobose, usually curved, blue-black or black; Pedicel 0-6 mm long. The flowering period is from March to July, and the fruiting period is from August to June.

Ligustrum microphyllum: it is a small shrub of Ligustrum in Oleaceae; Leaves are thin and tough; The flowers are white, fragrant and sessile; Corolla tube and corolla lobes are equal in length; Anthers beyond corolla lobes. Drupe wide oval, black.

There are fewer pests and diseases in Ligustrum lucidum, and the main pests are longicorn beetles. There are three control methods: (1) If you see fresh insect droppings in spring, inject 80% dichlorvos EC into the wormhole with a syringe and seal the wormhole with yellow mud. (2) Artificial killing of longicorn beetles in July. (3) Burying 3-4 mothballs in the soil of each pot of Ligustrum lucidum bonsai can control pests.

Photinia: evergreen shrub or small tree of Photinia of Rosaceae, 4-6 meters high, sometimes up to 12 meters; Branches brownish gray and glabrous. Leaf blade is leathery, oblong, obovate or obovate-elliptic, with sharp tip and tail tip, midvein is fluffy when young, and both sides are hairless when mature; The petiole is stout, fluffy when young, and hairless in the later period. Compound corymb inflorescence terminal; Total pedicels and pedicels are hairless, flowers are dense, petals are white, nearly round, and both sides are hairless; Purplish anthers; The fruit is spherical, red, and then brownish purple; Seeds ovate, brown, smooth. The flowering period is from April to May, and the fruiting period is 65438+1October.

disease

There are mainly leaf spot and gray mold. The common diseases in seedbed stage are damping-off and damping-off

insect pest

There are mainly scale insects, photinia whitefly, whitefly and borer. The common pests in seedbed stage are grubs, cutworms and so on. And should prevent birds and animals from harming saplings.

Pittosporum: an evergreen shrub or small tree belonging to the genus Pittosporum, family Pittosporum, dicotyledonous, with 6 meters high, brown hairs and lenticels. Leaves clustered at the top of branches, biennial, leathery; Umbellies or corymbose umbels are terminal or sub-terminal, with white, fragrant flowers and then turn yellow; The capsule is spherical, angular or triangular with a diameter of 65438 02 mm; The flowering period is from March to May, and the fruit ripens in 9-65438+1October.

primary pest

Scallop is one of the main pests of pittosporum.

Boxwood: shrub or small tree, 1-6 meters high; Branches are cylindrical, with longitudinal edges and grayish white; Branchlets quadrangular, all pubescent or glabrous on outer opposite faces. The leaves are leathery, broadly elliptic, broadly obovate, ovoid or oblong, bright, with prominent midvein and often fine hairs in the lower part. Inflorescence axillary, capitate, densely flowered, male flowers about 10, pedicellate-free, outer sepals oval, inner sepals nearly round, 2.5-3 mm long, glabrous, stamens and anthers 4 mm long, sterile gynophore rod-shaped with enlarged ends; Female sepals 3 mm long, ovary slightly longer than style, glabrous. Capsule subglobose. It blooms in March and bears fruit in May-June.

plant diseases and insect pests

Powdery mildew, white silk disease, leaf spot disease, boxwood silk moth.

Deciduous trees:

Liriodendron, also known as Liriodendron. Its leaves are more than ten centimeters long, which is different from those of ordinary plants. Its top is flat or slightly concave, and there are two deep lobes on both sides, which are very similar to mandarin jackets and goose feet, hence the name. Liriodendron's flowers are white outside and yellow inside, which is extremely beautiful. Liriodendron belongs to Liriodendron of Magnoliaceae. It grows in Central China, East China and Southwest China. Because of its peculiar leaves and beautiful flowers, it is a famous ornamental plant in China.

The main pests and diseases are leaf curl moth, big bag moth, silkworm, butterfly and so on.

Acer negundo, a deciduous tree, belongs to the genus Aceraceae, and its height can reach 20 meters. The bark is yellowish brown or grayish brown. Branchlets are cylindrical, winter buds are small, and scales are arranged in tweezers. Feather compound leaves, leaflets papery, ovate or elliptic-lanceolate, upper leaves dark green, lower parts hairless, petiole with sparse pilose. The male flower inflorescence is umbrella-shaped, and the female flower is racemose, which is born beside the branchlets. Flowers are small, yellow-green, open in front of leaves, dioecious, with long filaments and hairless ovaries. Nutlets bulge, bloom in April-May and bear fruit in September.

control of insect

The main diseases of Acer negundo at seedling stage are damping-off and damping-off, which mostly occur in rainy season. 7- 10 days after emergence, spray 0. 1% Dixon or 1% bordeaux solution for two or three times to prevent the occurrence of damping-off disease. When damping-off disease is found, 1-3% ferrous sulfate should be sprayed, and the seedlings should be washed with clear water after 15 branching to avoid phytotoxicity.

Platanus acerifolia, also known as Platanus acerifolia and Kumarajiva Tree, is a deciduous tree. It is the parent of Platanus acerifolia, which is 30 meters high. It is a world-famous excellent street tree and street tree, and is known as the "king of street trees".

The main pests that harm Platanus acerifolia are Anoplophora glabripennis, Anoplophora glabripennis, Black Moth Six Star, and Eupolyphaga fusca.

Ash tree, a deciduous tree of rhinoceros family, with grayish brown bark and longitudinal crack. Also known as cén, it is named ash tree because of stocking ash worms, and it is also a sand-fixing tree species. There are about 70 species of this genus, mainly distributed in the temperate zone of the northern hemisphere, and a few extend southward to the tropics. There are about 20 species in China, among which ash wood is the most widely distributed. Wood is tough, waterproof and moisture-proof, and is used to make furniture, farm tools, plywood, etc. Branches can be woven into baskets; Bark is called "Cortex Fraxini", which is used as a heat-clearing medicine by Chinese medicine.

Insect pests: Fraxinus mandshurica is easily affected by insect pests, such as Fraxinus mandshurica, aphids and longicorn beetles.

Diseases: brown spot disease, sooty blotch.

Chongyang is a deciduous tree, belonging to dicotyledonous plants, Euphorbiaceae, Euphorbia, Qiu Feng. Chongyang wood likes light, but also slightly resistant to shade, drought, water and humidity, and has strong cold resistance. Deciduous trees, up to 15 m, DBH 50 cm, sometimes up to 1 m; Bark brown, 6 mm thick, longitudinally dehiscent; The groove edge of wood surface is not obvious; The crown of the tree is umbrella-shaped, with large branches spreading obliquely and hairless branchlets. The branches were green, with obvious lenticels, gray-white, brown old branches and rusty lenticels. Buds are small, slightly pointed or blunt at the top, with a few bud scales; The whole plant is hairless.

plant diseases and insect pests

Dictyophora Chongyang

During the seedling raising of Chongyang, Eupatorium odoratum was the main pest and stem rot was the main disease. Seedling collapse or stem rot is easy to occur in hot and humid weather from April to June.

Gardenia is a shrub with a height of 0.3-3 meters; The shoots are often short-haired, and the branches are cylindrical and gray. Leaves opposite, or 3-whorled, leathery, sparsely papery, with different shapes, usually oblong-lanceolate, obovate-oblong, obovate or oval, 3-25cm long and1.5-8cm wide, with a tapering tip, a short or blunt tip, a wedge-shaped or short base, often hairless on both sides, and a bright green tip. 8- 15 pairs of lateral veins, convex downward and flat upward; Petiole length 0.2- 1 cm; Stipules membranous. Gardenia fruit is a traditional Chinese medicine, which has the functions of protecting liver, benefiting gallbladder, lowering blood pressure, calming, stopping bleeding and reducing swelling.

plant diseases and insect pests

The main diseases of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis include brown spot, anthracnose, sooty blotch, root rot and chlorosis. Indoor diseases can occur all year round, and in severe cases, plants will shed leaves, fruit or die. The application of drugs such as doxycycline and bacteria withdrawal can effectively control the disease. In the early stage or during the disease.

scale insect

Generally, there are two kinds, one is bran medium and the other is cotton blowing medium. Soot disease is caused by bacteria bred by the excrement of scale insects. Both scale insects are sucking pests. There is a layer of wax on the back of the worm, which is impenetrable by general drugs. Imidacloprid or its modifier can be used for spray insecticide. Once a week, it usually takes 2-3 times to kill completely. Soot disease is an infection of black mold. Spraying any medicine will not fall off on its own, and it must be scrubbed clean to solve it.

Purple leaf plum, alias: red leaf plum, a small deciduous tree of Rosaceae, 8 meters high, native to southwest Asia, widely planted in North China and its south. Its leaves are purplish red all year round and it is a famous foliage tree species.

Pests and diseases: the main pests and diseases are red spider, thorn moth and bag moth. If it happens, it can be sprayed with 40% omethoate EC 1000 times.

Bauhinia, Bauhinia Leguminosae, deciduous trees or shrubs. Originated in China. Sex likes light and has certain cold tolerance. I like fertile and well-drained soil, but I can't stand floods. Strong ability to resist sprouting and pruning. Skin, fruit, wood and flowers can be used as medicine, and their seeds are poisonous. It is a symbol of family, beauty and affection.

Disease damage

Cercis angular leaf spot, Cercis wilt and Cercis leaf blight

Pests mainly include:

1, giant salamander moth

2. Brown-edged green moth

3. Aphids

Ginkgo biloba is a deciduous tree belonging to Ginkgo family. Ginkgo biloba is a deciduous tree. The leaves are fan-shaped, long-stalked, light green, hairless, with many branched parallel veinlets, and the top is 5-8 cm wide. They are usually rippled on short branches and usually 2-lobed on long branches. It blooms in April and matures in June, 5438+ 10. Seeds have long stems, drooping, often oval, obovate, ovoid or nearly spherical. Exocarp is fleshy, covered with white powder and yellow or orange when ripe.

Aesculus: Deciduous tree, up to 25 meters high, with dark brown or grayish brown bark, small branches, cylindrical, yellowish brown or grayish brown, and yellowish lenticels. Winter buds are big and have resin. Palmately compound leaves, composed of 5-7 leaflets, dark green at the top and hairless at the bottom except for tender midvein and lateral vein bases. The inflorescence is cylindrical, and the total axis of the inflorescence is puberulent. The inflorescence usually consists of 5- 10 flowers, which extend obliquely and are puberulent.

plant diseases and insect pests

Common pests of Aesculus aesculus include Dendrolimus punctatus, scarab, golden caterpillar, Apriona germari and so on.

Hongfeng is a variety of Acer, Acer and Acer. Small deciduous trees. The tree is 2-4 meters high, and its branches are long, slender and smooth, showing purplish red. Leaves palmate, 5-7 parted, 5- 10 cm in diameter, lobes ovate-lanceolate, apex caudate, margin doubly serrated. Flowers terminal corymb, purple. Samara, wings 2-3 cm long, obtuse angle between the two wings. When sprouting in early spring, the tender leaves are bright red and densely covered with white fur. After stretching, the leaves gradually fall off, and the color of the leaves changes from gorgeous to lavender or even dark green.

? Pterocaryaceae and Pterocarya belong to Pterocarya. Big trees, up to 30 meters, DBH 1 meter; The bark of young trees is smooth and light gray, but it is deep longitudinally when it is old; Branchlets gray to dark brown, with gray-yellow lenticels; A bud with a stem. Most of the leaves are even or odd pinnate compound leaves, 8- 16 cm long (as thin as 25 cm), and the petiole is 2-5 cm long. The male inflorescence is about 6- 10 cm long, which is born alone in the axils of leaf scars on last year's branches, and the inflorescence axis often has sparse stellate hairs. The inflorescence of female Euonymus japonicus is terminal, about10-15cm long. Inflorescence rachis densely covered with stellate hairs and simple hairs, and the lower part without flowers is 3 cm long. Female flowers are almost sessile, and there are often tiny stellate hairs at the base of bracts and bracteoles, which are densely covered with glands. Infructescence is 20-45 cm long, and the axis is often covered with persistent hairs. The fruit is oval, about 6-7 mm long; Fruit wings are narrow, strip-shaped or wide, long 12-20 mm, wide 3-6 mm, and veins are nearly parallel. The flowering period is April-May, and the fruit maturity is August-September.

plant diseases and insect pests

The main disease is witches' broom, and the pests are black-eyed beetle, mulberry weevil, Pterocarya stenoptera scale, willow white scale and so on.

Hibiscus: Deciduous shrub, 3-4 meters high, with branches densely covered with yellow stellate fluff. Leaves rhombic to triangular-ovate, 3- 10 cm long and 2-4 cm wide, with different shades, 3-lobed or undivided, obtuse at the top, wedge-shaped at the base, with irregular teeth missing at the edge, and hairless or nearly hairless along the lower veins. Flowers solitary in axillary branches, calyx bell-shaped, long 14-20 mm, densely stellate short villi, lobes 5, triangular; The colors of flowers are pure white, light pink, lavender and purplish red. Flowers are bell-shaped, with single petals, double petals and double petals. Outside sparsely ciliate and stellate villous. Capsule ovoid, about 65438 02 mm in diameter, densely covered with yellow stellate villi; Seeds reniform, with yellow-white villous abaxially. Flowering: July -65438+ 10.

plant diseases and insect pests

During the growth of hibiscus, there were few pests and diseases, and the main diseases were anthracnose, leaf blight and powdery mildew.

The main pests are red spiders, aphids, moths, noctuids, longicorn beetles and so on.

Lagerstroemia indica alias: itchy flower, itchy tree, purple flower, purple orchid, mosquito flower, bayberry, zinnia, skinless tree. It is a dicotyledonous plant, deciduous shrub or small tree of Lysimachiaceae and Lagerstroemia, with a height of 7 meters; Bark is smooth, gray or grayish brown; Twisted branches, slender branchlets, alternate or sometimes opposite leaves, papery, oval, oblong or obovate, green to yellow when young, purple-black when mature or dry, and ventricular dehiscence; Seeds winged, ca. The flowering period is from June to September, and the fruiting period is from September to June.

plant diseases and insect pests

Powdery mildew, sooty blotch, brown spot.

Lagerstroemia indica, also known as Lagerstroemia indica, Lagerstroemia indica, sawfly, yellow thorn moth, etc.