Ask for a paper of about 2000 words about the restrictive analysis of traditional energy in the development of automobile industry.

What's the difference between the new energy car and the ordinary car version? This is definitely not just about blood. More structural changes are also involved. The following is a detailed comparison of new energy technologies. What is the difference between the hearts of new energy vehicles? What kind of technology do they have, what role do they play in energy conservation and environmental protection, and what kind of working principle is supporting them ... Can you describe the amazing achievements of low-carbon energy conservation?

Oil-electricity hybrid technology of weak mixing and strong mixing

At Beijing Auto Show, you can see that there are three kinds of hybrid vehicles: weak hybrid, strong hybrid and dual-mode.

The working state of the "weak hybrid" vehicle is that the motor starts to work when the vehicle is started and the gasoline engine does not work. All the equipment is powered by motors. When you release the brake pedal and press the accelerator to start, the gasoline engine will start working. When the user steps on the accelerator deeply to accelerate, the gasoline engine and the electric motor will work at the same time, which makes the speed increase more obvious. When the vehicle is driving at high speed, the power comes entirely from the gasoline engine, which means that the motor will only intervene when the vehicle is accelerating. If the user in front steps on the brakes to slow down at a red light, the kinetic energy of the vehicle is not converted into the heat energy of the braking system like ordinary vehicles and is wasted. At this time, the motor will become a generator, and the lost kinetic energy will be recovered and stored in the storage battery in the form of electric energy. This kind of brake will charge the battery, which is equivalent to the feeling of "free refueling". This is the charm of hybrid cars, which ordinary vehicles can't give. When the vehicle stops idling, the gasoline engine will be turned off. At this time, only the motor will work, which avoids the high fuel consumption caused by idle speed and realizes zero fuel consumption and zero emission. After that, the above workflow will be repeated when the vehicle is started.

It can be seen from the above working conditions that the main fuel-saving link of "weak-mixed" vehicles is not to start the engine when igniting, and also to turn off the engine when idling. The motor can provide power assistance when starting and accelerating, and can convert the lost kinetic energy into electric energy when braking. Excess energy can also be converted into electric energy when driving at high speed and stored in the battery, which reduces the loss of energy released by fuel and improves the utilization efficiency of fuel. At the same time, it is also worth the reader's attention that hybrid electric vehicles generally use small-displacement gasoline engines, because there is a motor to provide power assistance during acceleration, which can achieve the power feeling of large-displacement engines (somewhat similar to the taste of supercharged engines) and save fuel to some extent.

The advantage of "weak mixing" technology is that the manufacturing cost is relatively low, which can balance the relationship between technology and price well. The electrical system is relatively small and does not take up much space.

The technology opposite to "weak mixing" is "strong mixing", which is characterized in that the power system is based on the motor and the gasoline engine is the auxiliary power. Different from the "weak hybrid", the "strong hybrid" motor is more powerful, which can fully meet the power demand of the vehicle at the start and low speed. Therefore, the "strong hybrid" vehicle does not need to start the engine at the start or at low speed, and can be fully competent only by relying on the motor. At low speed, it is completely an "electric vehicle" posture.

When stepping on the accelerator to accelerate, with the increase of speed, the gasoline engine starts, and the motor works cooperatively and efficiently through the intelligent system. When the speed reaches the economical speed of the gasoline engine, the advantages of the gasoline engine can be fully exerted and become the main power source of the vehicle. At the same time, the surplus energy generated by the gasoline engine will be used to drive the generator to charge the battery.

In the state of rapid acceleration and full speed driving, the vehicle needs a lot of driving force, so the motor will also run at full speed to cooperate with the high-speed gasoline engine to exert their maximum performance, and then achieve the effect of 1 1. When the user brakes suddenly, the gasoline engine and motor will stop supplying power immediately to save fuel and electric energy, and at the same time, the kinetic energy of the vehicle will be used to drive the generator to charge the battery.

From the above working conditions, it can be seen that the main fuel-saving links of "strong-mixed" vehicles not only have the characteristics of "weak-mixed", but also have the ability to rely entirely on motor drive when the vehicle starts and runs at low speed, which well solves the problem of high fuel consumption when starting, stopping and restarting in urban driving. Therefore, "strong mixing" can be said to be an evolutionary version of "weak mixing", which overcomes the need to start gasoline engines frequently. "Strong mixing" can be said to be an excellent solution, which is very suitable for driving conditions that need frequent start-stop in congested cities. In such a congested driving state, zero fuel consumption and zero emission can be achieved. Of course, the premise of enjoying these benefits is to pay a higher price than "weak mixing" and sacrifice some space for more powerful motors and battery packs.

In addition to "weak hybrid" and "strong hybrid", there is also a special hybrid vehicle sold in China, which is the first BYD F3DM dual-mode electric vehicle with completely independent technology in China. The so-called "dual-mode" is to add a set of hybrid power system (HEV) on the basis of electric vehicle system (EV), and "dual-mode" can be said to be an upgraded and enhanced version of "strong hybrid". At present, BYD F3DM is the only "dual-mode" model on the market.

Natural energy conversion electric vehicle technology

This technology combines the concepts of natural energy conversion technologies such as photoelectric conversion, wind conversion and carbon dioxide adsorption conversion, and belongs to the future school of new energy vehicle technology. This technology was used in the "Leaf" concept car released by SAIC at the World Expo and Beijing Auto Show. Of course, the new energy vehicle technology exhibition of "Leaf" is still based on creativity.

"Leaf" is designed with electric energy as the main power source, and its technical core is natural energy conversion technology. A giant leaf on the roof is an efficient photoelectric converter, which can absorb solar energy and convert it into electric energy; The solar tracking system can make the solar crystal on the blade rotate with the direction of the sun irradiation, and improve the light energy absorption efficiency.

Its four wheels are four wind turbines. By capturing the dissipated wind energy, the wind energy is converted into electric energy, which is charged into its own battery to store energy, forming an auxiliary electric drive system and maximizing the use of new energy.

Its body adopts organic metal structure (MOFs) which can absorb carbon dioxide, which can simulate green plants to capture carbon dioxide and water molecules from the air, and release electrons to form current under the action of microorganisms. Then, the biofuel cell will use the generated electric energy to charge the lithium battery, and the motor will drive the car. At the same time, it can also convert the high-concentration carbon dioxide discharged in photoelectric conversion into electric energy for indoor lighting or into refrigerant for indoor air conditioning through the laser generator, which is not only the realization of "zero emission" but also the realization of "negative emission" and purifies the air.

Extended range electric vehicle technology

Extended-range electric vehicle technology is also a major school of new energy vehicle technology. This technical school is characterized by the main energy source of electric vehicles, and gasoline is its backup energy source. For example, GM Chevrolet Volt uses this technology.

Compared with traditional hybrid electric vehicles, extended-range electric vehicles have obvious differences. In the extended-range electric vehicle, the vehicle is driven by the electric system, while in the traditional hybrid vehicle, the vehicle is driven by the motor or the fuel engine, or both work together. When the driving distance is short, the driving of the extended-range electric vehicle depends entirely on the power provided by the on-board battery pack, while when the driving distance is relatively long, the internal combustion engine or fuel cell can provide additional power to drive the vehicle. The battery pack and the power propulsion system are precisely set. When the battery pack provides enough electric energy for the vehicle, it does not need the engine or fuel cell to work to generate additional electricity. In the process of pure electric driving, the electric energy of the battery pack can completely ensure that the vehicle can smoothly realize various performances such as acceleration, high-speed driving and climbing. Only by using electricity.

Taking Chevrolet Volt as an example, the technology of extended-range electric vehicle is analyzed in detail. Specifically, Volt first runs on the electricity stored in the battery, and then continues to run on the electricity generated by the gasoline generator. Assuming that your Volt battery is fully charged, Volt can travel up to 64 kilometers (40 miles) on the power stored in the battery, during which time it can achieve "zero fuel consumption and zero emissions". When the battery is about to run out of power, the extended-range gasoline generator will automatically start to provide power for the battery. In this way, the Volt can continue driving for hundreds of kilometers until it can be recharged or refueled.

The Volt propulsion system is driven by pure electricity. When the battery is almost exhausted, its on-board engine generator will burn a small amount of gasoline to provide power for the vehicle, which is enough to ensure Volt to continue driving for hundreds of kilometers.

Generally speaking, a hybrid vehicle can travel 64 to 96 kilometers (40 to 60 miles) with 3.8 liters (1 gallon) of gasoline. Different from electric vehicles, today's hybrid vehicles do not need to be connected to a power supply to charge, but collect the energy generated when braking and supplement the electricity with the help of a generator. When driving at low speed, some hybrid vehicles can rely on electric power to drive, and when driving at high speed, switch to gasoline engine to drive. Hybrid electric vehicles are generally not as efficient as electric vehicles, and their environmental protection performance is not as good as the latter.

The advantage of the extended-range electric vehicle is that it can travel 64 kilometers (40 miles), with zero fuel consumption and zero emissions. Even when the battery is almost exhausted, the extended-range electric vehicle only uses gasoline to start the generator to generate electricity and provide the power needed for the car to run.

The extended-range electric vehicle can continue to run after the battery is exhausted, because the extended-range gasoline generator will continue to start and provide electricity to drive the car. Extended-range electric vehicles can generate the power needed for battery life without stopping to find a place to charge.

Hydrogen fuel cell vehicle technology

Hydrogen fuel cell vehicle technology is a higher school of new energy vehicle technology at present. The characteristic of this technical school is that hydrogen and oxidation combine into water through electrochemical reaction, thus directly converting chemical energy into electric energy. The battery pack can generate enough electric energy to drive the car through a large number of fuel cells connected in series like this. Mercedes-Benz F800 Style, Audi Q5HFC and Chevrolet Equinox are all new energy vehicles adopting this technology.

The following detailed analysis of hydrogen fuel cell vehicle technology.

The fuel cell stack of a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle is located in the center of the vehicle. It converts hydrogen and oxidation into water through electrochemical reaction, thus directly converting chemical energy into electric energy, without any substantial combustion in the process. The specific reaction process is as follows: the hydrogen on the anode of the battery is decomposed into protons and electrons under the action of the catalyst, the positively charged protons reach the cathode through the diaphragm, and the negatively charged electrons run in the external circuit, thus generating electric energy. Oxygen ions on the cathode react with electrons and protons under the action of catalyst to generate water. The battery pack can generate enough electric energy to drive the car through a large number of fuel cells connected in series like this.

This kind of hydrogen fuel cell car usually has four seats, which is spacious and comfortable, and its safety performance is no less than that of traditional cars. It is equipped with driver and front passenger airbags, side airbags, anti-lock braking system (ABS), traction control system (TCS) and electronic stability device (ESP). At the same time, its hydrogen fuel storage device is also very advanced. The device consists of three 700 bar (1 bar =0.987 standard atmospheric pressure) high-pressure hydrogen storage tanks. The tank is made of carbon fiber composite material, and the maximum hydrogen fuel storage capacity is 4.2 kg, which is enough to support the longest driving mileage of 320 kilometers.

The design service life of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles is 2 years or 80,000 kilometers. Through a series of improvements in heat insulation and operation scheme, the new hydrogen fuel cell vehicle can start and operate normally in sub-zero climate, which is one of the remarkable progress compared with the previous generation products. It is very important for the popularization and use of fuel cell vehicles to do this technically.

Take Equinox as an example, its fuel cell stack consists of 440 cells connected in series, and its power output can reach 93kW. Driven by the on-board 73kW (100hp) synchronous motor, the acceleration of 0- 100km/h is only 12s, and the top speed of this front-wheel drive model can reach 65,438/h. ..

Vehicle networking electric vehicle technology

This technology school successfully combines electrification with car networking, which can almost be said to be the latest solution for personal transportation in the future. The GM EN-V concept car, which will also be exhibited at the World Expo and Beijing Auto Show, adopts this technology.

Vehicle networking technology, that is, by integrating GPS navigation technology, vehicle-to-vehicle communication technology, wireless communication and remote sensing technology, has laid a new development direction of automobile technology and realized the compatibility of manual driving and automatic driving.

This kind of electric car is compact in structure and convenient to move. Take EN-V as an example, the weight of the whole vehicle is only over 400 kilograms, and its length is about 1.5 meters. At present, the weight of traditional cars exceeds 1500 kg, and the length is three times that of EN-V. At present, a traditional car parking space can accommodate five EN-Vs, which will greatly improve the utilization rate of urban parking area.

The left and right wheels of this electric vehicle are driven by their own motors, which are powered by lithium batteries and can be charged by ordinary household power sources. It can travel 40 kilometers after each full charge, and completely realize zero emission. At the same time, it can exchange information with the power grid, choose the best charging time and fully improve the efficiency of public power infrastructure.

The major breakthrough of this new automobile technology lies in automatic driving, such as lane change warning, blind spot detection and adaptive cruise control.

As for the industry standards and national laws and regulations you mentioned, you can't change them for a while. Of course, this requires the efforts of many departments and links, as well as the joint efforts of people from all walks of life to promote and coordinate each other. The auto show can only be said to be a demonstration of new technologies and inventions, and it should also be a publicity of new standards and laws ~ ~!