The Essence of China Traditional Culture

The essence of China's traditional culture includes "Eight Ends", "Eight Methods", "Three Fathers" and "Five Permanent Members" respectively;

1, eight paragraphs refer to: filial piety, filial piety, loyalty, faithfulness, courtesy, righteousness, honesty and shame. This is the whole essence of Confucius' moral education for the elderly. "Filial piety, filial piety, loyalty, faithfulness, courtesy, righteousness, honesty and shame" are the foundation of being a man and the whole essence of moral education for Confucius' old people. It is also the eight virtues of life.

2. Eight methods may refer to the following aspects: medicine, martial arts, calligraphy, legal system, etc. Among them, Chinese medicine is divided into eight treatments and eight acupuncture treatments. The general name of eight basic treatment methods under the guidance of the principle of syndrome differentiation and treatment of traditional Chinese medicine. It includes sweating method, vomiting method, purging method, sum method, warming method, clearing method, eliminating method and supplementing method.

3. Three dads: From where? Does The Doctrine of the Mean mean "three dads"? Wisdom? "Benevolence"? Courage "these three virtues.

4. The "five permanents", namely, benevolence, righteousness, courtesy, wisdom and faithfulness, are the codes of conduct used to adjust and standardize the interpersonal relationship between monarch and minister, father and son, brother, husband and wife and friends. ?

1, three cardinals and five permanent members.

The words "three cardinal guides" and "five permanent members" come from Dong Zhongshu's Spring and Autumn Stories in the Western Han Dynasty. But as a moral principle and standard, it originated from Confucius in the pre-Qin period. Confucius once put forward ethical concepts such as monarch, monarch, minister, father and son, benevolence, courtesy and wisdom. Mencius further put forward the "five ethics" of "father and son are blind, the monarch and the minister are righteous, the husband and wife are different, the ages are orderly, and friends are trustworthy".

According to his theory that "Yang is worse than Yin", Dong Zhongshu further developed the concept of five ethics and put forward the way of three cardinal guides and five permanents.

Dong Zhongshu believes that monarch, father, son and perfect person are the most important in human relations, and there is a natural and eternal master-slave relationship among them: monarch is the master, and ministers are the followers; The father is the master and the son is the slave; The husband is the master and the wife is the slave. The so-called "the monarch is the minister, the father is the son, and the husband is the wife".

The three cardinal guides and the five permanents are all taken from the way of yin and yang. Specifically, monarch, father and husband embody the "yang" side of heaven, while ministers, sons and wives embody the "yin" side of heaven; Yang is always in a dominant and noble position, while Yin is always in a subordinate and humble position.

Dong Zhongshu thus established the dominant position of monarchical power, patriarchal power and husband power, and sanctified the feudal hierarchy and political order into the fundamental law of the universe. Dong Zhongshu also believes that benevolence, righteousness, courtesy, wisdom and faith are the basic principles for dealing with the relationship between monarch and minister, father and son, husband and wife, and superior and subordinate relations, and the rulers should pay enough attention to them.

In his view, an important feature that distinguishes human beings from other creatures is the innate five permanent members of human beings. Adhering to the principle of "five permanents" can maintain social stability and interpersonal harmony. The Song Dynasty began with Zhu, and the three cardinal guides and five permanents were combined into one.

2. Eight sources:

"Historical Records Biography of Turtle Policy" contains: "If a turtle can be named, the property will be returned and the family wealth will be tens of millions. First, Beidou turtle, second, turtle, third, five-star turtle, fourth, eight-phoenix turtle, fifth, twenty-eighth night turtle, sixth, moon turtle, seventh, Jiuzhou turtle, eighth, Wang turtle. "

At that time, the atmosphere of belittling turtles became more and more fierce. Some people simply reversed the order of the last turtle and turned it into a "turtle" or a "tortoise". This may be the earliest source of the word "turtle".

"Hunzi" (Forget Eight Tactics) was originally intended to teach the truth of being a man. Later, people began to associate a man's eight virtues: "filial piety, loyalty, faithfulness, propriety, righteousness, honesty and shame", which are collectively called "eight tips", that is, the truth and foundation of being a man.

If you forget eight, you can say that you have forgotten eight (forgetting all these principles and norms of being a man), or you can simply say that the last one of the eight virtues is missing, which obviously means that there is no "shame". Because "king" and "forgetting" are somewhat homophonic, someone who is good at something gradually turns "forgetting eight" into "tortoise".

This statement and its origin were confirmed in Ouyang Xiu's History of the New Five Dynasties in the Northern Song Dynasty. The book said: "Wang Jian was a hooligan when he was young, killing cows, stealing donkeys and selling private thieves." Everyone inside calls him a thief tortoise. " Obviously, Ouyang Xiu's "thief bastard" here means "shameless person".

References:

People's Network: Inheriting Cultural Genes? Highlight spiritual identity

Interactive encyclopedia eight ends