What are the characteristics of the clothes and hairstyles of the Khitan people in history

The early Khitan people lived in the area of Xilamulun River and Laoha River, where there were many mountains and forests, and the climate was also very cold. The ancestors of the Khitan people were nomadic and hunters, mostly dressed in animal skins, and it was not until the founding of the country that silk and fabric clothing became available and quickly popularized. Liao Taizong period to develop a system of clothing, according to documentary records, the Khitan national costume is divided into six categories: sacrificial service, court dress, public service, regular service, hunting service, hanging service. The Khitan civilians wore long robes with left-over-oblong round collars, long leather boots and leather hats. According to historical records, the qidan "the emperor's scarf, home armor military attire, to ermine or goose neck, duck head for the deflector waist." This pole waist arc, silver gilt, wide in the center, two narrow. The lower edge is straight, and the upper edge is composed of several consecutive arcs. The ground pattern is a water wave pattern, and the edge is decorated with a week each of continuous bead pattern and cloud pattern. The main design is a lotus flower in full bloom, the lotus leaves are wide and plump, and the lotus flower blossoms in the wind, and the design is carved in high relief. This long arc-shaped piece for women's robe waist belt decoration, wear this arc piece across the back of the waist, against the two ribs, will be both ends of the ribbon girdle waist, in front of the abdomen to tie a knot in order to fix the decorative piece. The traditional etiquette of the Han Chinese in the Central Plains believes that "the body hair and skin, received by the parents, do not dare to destroy", and there is a punishment is to shave off the hair, called "scalping". However, among the ethnic minorities, the custom of shaving part of the hair is popular. For the Khitan people's scalping custom, the documentary records are relatively brief, the lack of image of the physical data. With the gradual deepening of the archaeological work of the Khitan, in many of the Liao dynasty mural tombs, found a well-preserved Khitan costume figures. Mural painted characters including bureaucrats, guards, servants, noblewomen, maidservants and kabuki and other different identities. All men with qidan attire scalping, style is not exactly the same, some only shaved the top of the skull hair, cranium around the hair drooping and backward; some in the cranium on both sides of the two locks of long hair, natural or plaited drooping; some shaved the middle of the skull before the cranium, cranium after the hair also naturally drooped and backward Phi; some shaved the top of the cranium on both sides of the top of the cranium, the top of the skull in the middle of the part of the backward comb up. From these characters, we further clarify the style of the Khitan scalping, generally cranial side hair and sideburns are not long, if too long will be knotted into two locks, or braided into a plait. The data on the hair scalping custom of the Khitan people are usually seen only on Khitan men, and the data on the hair scalping of Khitan women are less common. Howjiuying Liao tomb of women's bodies, the first time to provide examples of Khitan women scalping: forehead edge partially shaved, while retaining the rest of the hair; shaved part of the growth of a little bit of short hair, from the short hair of equal length, the original is shaved rather than cut short; retained hair, the top of the skull part of the knot with a silk belt, the knot is located in the back of the top of the skull; and the other in the left side of the parting of the - locks, plaited into a braid, round the top through the forehead and then Coiled back to the top of the skull, pressed on top of the bundle of hair, and the bundle of hair tied together; behind the ear and the back of the head of the long hair behind the back of the drape down, hanging over the neck. Such female hairstyle is the first time in the archaeological work of the hair view, showing the Khitan women unique to a scalping custom. In addition, in Hebei Xuanhua Liao tomb murals also appeared in the Khitan women's scalping image, generally shaved the top of the skull in front of the hair, the other parts of the bundle, or with a variety of decorations.