Traditional festivals, lunar calendar and customs in China.

Spring Festival (the first day of the first lunar month)? Lantern Festival (15th day of the first lunar month)? Head teeth (the second day of the second lunar month)

Cold Food Festival (the day before Tomb-Sweeping Day)? Tomb-Sweeping Day (Tomb-Sweeping Day)? Dragon Boat Festival (the fifth day of the fifth lunar month)

Tanabata (the seventh day of the seventh lunar month)? Mid-Autumn Festival (the 15th day of the seventh lunar month)? Mid-Autumn Festival (the 15th day of the eighth lunar month)

Double Ninth Festival (the ninth day of the ninth lunar month)? Winter solstice (solar term winter solstice)? Laba Festival (the eighth day of the twelfth lunar month)

Tail tooth (twelfth lunar month)? Sacrificial furnace (twelfth lunar month)? New Year's Eve (December 30th)

Spring Festival custom: set off firecrackers at the end of the year, and paste Spring Festival couplets to eat jiaozi in the New Year.

Lantern Festival custom: Because Lantern Festival has the custom of hanging and watching lanterns, it is also called "Lantern Festival" among the people. In addition, there are customs such as eating Yuanxiao, walking on stilts, solve riddles on the lanterns, dragon dancing, lantern dancing and lion dancing.

Beginning of spring custom: A spring folk song is popular in Shanxi: "Spring breeze moves in spring, and spring water flows along the river. Spring people drink spring wine and spring officials whip spring cattle. " It's about the grand occasion of shooting spring cattle. There are also some places that will drink "Baidu ointment" during the Spring Festival, which can prevent people from getting sores.

The customs of the Cold Food Festival include going to the grave, outing, cockfighting, swinging, playing with carpets, pulling hooks (tug of war) and so on. Among them, the custom of going to the grave is very old. In the past, the Spring Festival in China was on the Cold Food Festival, but it was later changed to Tomb-Sweeping Day. However, the Korean side still retains the tradition of holding the Spring Festival at the Cold Food Festival. Cold Food Festival is an important folk festival in Shanxi in spring. Mianshan Mountain in Jiexiu, Shanxi is known as "the hometown of cold food and Qingming culture in China", and a grand cold food and Qingming festival is held every year.

Tomb-Sweeping Day's customs are rich and interesting. In addition to paying attention to the prohibition of fire to sweep graves, there are a series of customs and sports activities such as jogging, swinging, playing cuju, playing polo and inserting willows. According to legend, Tomb-Sweeping Day visited the grave because cold food was forbidden during the Cold Food Festival. In order to prevent the harm of cold food and cold meal to people, everyone took part in some sports activities to exercise. In Tomb-Sweeping Day, people avoid injections and washing clothes, and women in most areas avoid walking. Before evening, a gray line should be spread in front of the gate, which is said to prevent ghosts from entering the house. Therefore, this festival is a unique festival, which has both sad and sour tears for sweeping graves and laughter for an outing.

Dragon Boat Festival custom: hanging a clock to catch ghosts, hanging mugwort leaves, calamus and Ficus branches: During the Dragon Boat Festival, every household makes calamus, mugwort leaves, pomegranate, garlic, dragon boat flowers and Ficus branches into human figures, which is called Ai Ren. At that time, Chu people didn't want to let their sage Qu Yuan die, so many people rowed boats to catch up and save him. Eating zongzi: On May 5th, people in Jingchu boiled glutinous rice or steamed zongzi cakes and threw them into the river to offer sacrifices to Qu Yuan, so they threw them in bamboo tubes for fear of fish eating them. Later, they gradually wrapped rice with zongzi leaves instead of bamboo tubes. Drinking realgar wine: This custom is very popular among people in the Yangtze River valley. Wandering all diseases: This custom prevails in the Dragon Boat Festival custom in Guizhou. Wearing sachets: Children wear sachets during the Dragon Boat Festival, which not only means to ward off evil spirits and drive away epidemics, but also has decorative styles on the front. The sachet contains cinnabar, realgar and fragrant medicine, and it is wrapped in silk cloth, and the fragrance is overflowing: then it is tied into a rope with five-color silk threads, and made into strings of various shapes, which are exquisite and dazzling.

Tanabata custom: Women stab Vega on Tanabata night. Now, influenced by western countries, more and more couples in China regard this day as China Valentine's Day, and men and women will exchange gifts or go out on dates.

Customs of Mid-Autumn Festival: Mid-Autumn Festival is a Taoist festival. Taoism believes that "Sanyuan" is another name for "Three Officials". Shangyuan Festival, also known as Shangyuan Tianguan Festival, is the birthday of Emperor Wei Zi blessed by Shangyuan. The Mid-Yuan Festival, also known as the Mid-Yuan Festival, is the birthday of Qing Xu, an official who pardoned evil in the mid-Yuan Dynasty. The next Yuan Festival, also known as "Xia Yuanshui's joint", is the birthday of Emperor Xia Yuanshui's Guandong Yin. The Taoist Sutra of Three Officials in Taishang says: "Heaven protects the people, local officials forgive sins, and water officials relieve Eritrea", and "all beings are under the control of heaven and earth water officials". On the Mid-Autumn Festival, Taoist temples, such as the Fire Temple in Di 'anmen and the Baiyun Temple outside Xibianmen, routinely hold "Dojo for Good Luck" to pray for "good weather, peace and prosperity". Buddhists will hold grand bonsai on this day, also called bonsai, bonsai. In the late Qing Dynasty, there were more than 840 temples in Beijing, such as Guangji Temple, Fayuan Temple, Nianhua Temple, Guanghua Temple, Jiaxing Temple and Changchun Temple. Where conditions permit, Yulan Club and Zhongyuan Law Club of different scales are held. Since the Republic of China, Beihai Park, Zhongshan Park Concert Hall and other places have held "memorial ceremonies for fallen soldiers" at this time over the years. Fan (Lama), Tao (Taoist) and Zen (monk) are used to worship the memorial tablet of "soldiers killed in the land, sea and air" for public sacrifice. During the Mid-Autumn Festival, old Beijing will hold activities such as building boats, setting off lotus lanterns, playing lotus lanterns, worshipping ancestors and singing "Yingjing Jing".

Mid-Autumn Festival custom: Mid-Autumn Festival is a very old custom in China. According to historical records, as early as the Zhou Dynasty, ancient emperors had the custom of offering sacrifices to the sun at the vernal equinox, to the earth at the summer solstice, to the moon at the autumnal equinox, and to heaven at the winter solstice.

Custom of Double Ninth Festival: Every time we go to Double Ninth Festival, people will think of what Wang Wei wrote: "Being in a foreign land, we miss our relatives twice every holiday. I know from a distance where my brother climbed, and there is one person missing from the dogwood. " This poem. Since ancient times, the Double Ninth Festival has been a day when people respect the old and love the young, miss their parents and long for reunion. The specific customs are listed as follows: ① Climbing; 2 eat Chongyang cake; 4 enjoy chrysanthemums and drink chrysanthemum wine; ④ Inserting Evodia rutaecarpa and Daphne; ⑤ Drink chong yang wine.

Winter solstice custom; In the north of China, there is a custom of slaughtering sheep and eating jiaozi and wonton on the winter solstice, while in the south, there is a custom of eating dumplings and long noodles on the winter solstice. There is also the custom of offering sacrifices to heaven and ancestors in winter solstice in various regions.

Laba Festival custom; Drink Laba porridge and soak Laba garlic.

Tail tooth custom: 1) In Fujian, the check-out time is from the day after "tail tooth", that is, from the 7th to 22nd of the lunar calendar1February/kloc-0. Therefore, it is also called the 22nd "tail period". Before the "closing period", you can collect old and new accounts from all over the country. If you postpone it, you will have to wait until next year and after the New Year. So "Weiya" has finished eating, and it will be busy for a few days. After the "end period", even if the creditor insists on debt collection, it may be scolded by the other party, or even beaten, and there can be no complaints. 2) On the day of "Tail Teeth", businessmen and farmers should not only offer sacrifices to the gods, but also entertain their own employees and servants, and finally decide whether to continue to hire a person next year. Therefore, it is a comfortable and polite day.

Custom of offering sacrifices to stoves: Kitchen God has been staying at home since last New Year's Eve to protect and supervise the family; On the 23rd of the twelfth lunar month, the Kitchen God will ascend to heaven to offer sacrifices to the kitchen.

The Jade Emperor reported the good deeds or evil deeds of this family, and the ceremony of sending the kitchen god was called "sending the kitchen" or "resigning the kitchen".

New Year's Eve custom: New Year's Eve is extremely important to China people. On this day, people are ready to bid farewell to the old and welcome the new, and have a family reunion dinner. In ancient China, some prison officials even let prisoners go home to reunite with their families for the New Year, which shows how important "reunion dinner" is to ancient China people. Sticking Spring Festival couplets is also called door couplets, Spring Festival couplets, couplets, peach symbols and so on. It depicts the background of the times and expresses good wishes with neat, dual, concise and exquisite words, which is a unique literary form in China. In the folk, people also like to stick various paper-cuts on the windows-window grilles. There is a folk saying in China that "open the door and set off firecrackers". That is, when the new year comes, the first thing for every household to open the door is to set off firecrackers.