Dulong folk custom

The folk custom of Dulong is 1 Whether drinking, eating or eating meat, housewives share Dulong food. When the guests arrive, they will get the same share.

2. In the evening, the man drinks and recites a toast by the fireplace, and then throws the wine bowl on the bamboo shelf on the fireplace, with the bowl mouth facing the sky as a good omen.

3. Dulong people are very hospitable. In case of hunting wild animals or a family killing pigs and cattle, a banquet for distant relatives and neighbors will be formed.

In addition, Dulong people also have the custom of entertaining strangers, warmly treating passing guests and staying at home. It is a shame to think that there is no food and no guests to stay in the dark.

They have a good tradition of not answering the road and not closing the door at night, and regard stealing as the most shameful behavior.

6. Visitors can't visit some primitive sacrificial activities of Dulong.

What are the customs and habits of Dulong people in China and their origins? Brief introduction of nationalities

Dulong is one of the ethnic minorities with a small population in China. The current population is 7,426 (according to the data of the 2000 census), mainly distributed on the banks of Dulong River Gorge in the west of Gongshan Dulong Autonomous County, Nujiang Yi Autonomous Prefecture in northwest Yunnan, and on the banks of Nujiang River in the north, as well as Qile Township of Weixi Yi Autonomous County and Chavalo County of * * Autonomous Region. In addition, there are many Dulong people living in Myanmar. Friendship with Yi, Nu, Bai and other generations. They maintain a good social morality of "don't pick up bones on the road, don't close the door at night" and rarely steal.

In the past, the Dulong people did not have a unified clan name, and they often took their own regions or rivers as their names, such as Dulong and Ma Di. Yi people, Yi songs and Quren are the appellations of Han people. After the founding of New China, according to the characteristics and wishes of Dulong, it was officially named Dulong.

Dulong people have their own language, but no writing. In the past, we recorded and transmitted information by carving wood and knotting ropes. Dulong language belongs to the Tibetan-Burmese language family of Sino-Tibetan language family, which is basically the same as Gongshan Nu language.

Dulong people have lived in mountainous areas since ancient times, with harsh conditions and blocked traffic, so the social development is relatively slow and the productivity level is low. Before and after the founding of New China, there were still strong remnants of the primitive commune system. The economy is dominated by slash-and-burn extensive agriculture, and gathering and hunting also occupy a considerable proportion.

Women also have the habit of writing. Houses are mostly wooden houses or bamboo houses. The only festival is China New Year. In the past, there was no fixed time, and most of them were held in the twelfth lunar month, with different festivals.

Dulong region is bordered by Chayu County, autonomous region in the north, Gaoligong Snow Mountain at an altitude of 5,000 meters in the east and Myanmar in the southwest. The winding Dulong River roared in the mountains. In winter, the mountains are closed by heavy snow, and in summer, it is rainy and humid. Due to the influence of north-south topography and tropical monsoon in Indian Ocean, local plant growth and climate change have obvious vertical distribution characteristics.

national history

Dulong is one of the ethnic groups in China that still retains the characteristics of paternal family commune at the end of primitive society. Although it has gradually disintegrated in the general development trend, it still has obvious characteristics of paternal family commune in productivity, land form, social organization and marriage system. The ethnic name of Dulong began to appear in Lijiang Road Customs in Dayuan Tongzhi, which was called "pry". It was called "Autumn" or "Qu" in Ming and Qing Dynasties. After the founding of New China, according to the national will, the Dulong people were called the national title. In the 1940s before the founding of New China, due to the barrier of mountains and rivers and the oppression and exploitation of reactionary rule in previous dynasties, the development of Dulong's social productive forces was characterized by: slash-and-burn primitive agriculture dominated, while gathering, fishing and hunting still accounted for a large proportion; The production tools are very simple, and there is no transition from hoeing to ploughing; The social division of labor is not obvious, only the natural division of labor between men and women; The exchange is still in the primitive barter stage; Dulong people live in poverty and there is no commodity exchange. They use wood carvings and knots to record. Before iron tools were introduced into Dulong area, Dulong people generally used Xiao Mu hoes made of natural hooks of branches to dig the ground. Xiao Mu hoes are like pickaxes, and the Dulong language is Gola. It is the earliest original tool used by Dulong people for hoeing agriculture. It was not until the founding of New China that this situation was completely changed.

Ethnic diet

Dulong people's staple food is corn and buckwheat, and they like drinking, eating barbecues, drinking tea and smoking.

Dulong people have the habit of eating two meals. Breakfast is usually highland barley fried noodles or baked potatoes; Dinner is mainly corn, rice or millet, and the roots of various wild plants are also ground into starch and made into cakes or porridge. Dulong still retains many ancient cooking methods, the most common of which is to cook cooked slate Baba with a special slate pot. When baking slate Baba, we usually use Atun or Dong palm starch, make it into paste with bird eggs, and then pour it on a hot slate pot, which is delicious with baking.

Dulong's daily dishes include potatoes, pods, melons, bamboo shoots, bamboo leaves and various fungi, which are usually cooked in a pot with pepper, wild garlic and salt. Winter is the peak season for hunting in Dulong area, and wild beef is the main meat in winter. When eating wild beef, air-dry the beef first, then bake it with low fire, then mash it into filaments, make it into floss or cut it into small pieces, seal it in a bamboo tube and keep it or carry it with you.

Dulong River is also rich in all kinds of fish, including >>

An essay on the customs and habits of the Dulong people is called Kakwa. This is the only festival of Dulong in a year. They regard1February 29th as New Year's Eve and 30th as the first day of the New Year.

According to legend, a long time ago, two brothers lived by the Dulong River. They lost their parents when they were young, and they took the mountains and forests as their home, shooting with crossbows, and they came through thick and thin. One day, two brothers with long knives on their backs and hard crossbows in their hands went hunting in Bila Barrel on the snowy mountain of Dandrika. It's a cloudy day, and animals can't leave their nests. I didn't see a thin rock sheep until afternoon. Brothers, split up. My brother lost his way and drove into a high mountain and deep valley, where peaks competed and dangerous rocks stood.

When night enveloped the mountains, my brother waited at the appointed place. However, after waiting for a while, the moon hung on the top of Gaoligong Mountain, and there was no sign of my brother. With an anxious heart, my brother went into the deep mountain valley to find his only relative. I don't know how many mountains I have climbed and how many rapids I have crossed. I searched for nine years, eleven months and twenty-nine days. 1On February 30th, my brother came back suddenly. When the two brothers met, they were both sad and happy. My brother said sadly to his younger brother, "My good brother, it is not my brother who has the heart to leave you. Ever since our brothers separated, I have been trapped in the Longtan by a demon. The devil is eager to see you looking for your brother. Starting today, let me come back to see you every year1February 30. " My brother went on to say, "The day we met is the end of a year and the beginning of a year. Let's call it Chinese New Year. " In order to celebrate the reunion after losing his younger brother, my younger brother specially prepared various dishes made of rare birds and animals and rice made of various grains for his younger brother. After dinner, my brother was very excited to see him. He knocked the gong, lit the torch, invited all the old brothers in the cottage, told everyone the good news, and asked his brother to sing and dance with the villagers. Since then, the day when brothers meet has become the year of Dulong.

In festivals, every clan and tribe must collectively hunt wild animals; Slaughter pigs and sheep, and distribute the prey to families. Tribal housewives distribute new year's goods to every family. They call it "sharing food". In the past, when eating on New Year's Eve, we had to wait for every member of the tribe to arrive. If one person is missing, we won't open the pot. On the first morning of that year, just before dawn, gong sounded in the hut. Welcome the new year. After breakfast, with the gong ringing, people came to the open space of the hut to celebrate the New Year with quaint customs. People, regardless of age, gender and family, are holding hands and dancing the traditional dance of their own nation. The elders shared them with you in a traditional way with elaborate rattan and delicious dishes. At that time, singing, cheering and dancing were intertwined.

Whether drinking, eating or eating meat, housewives eat part of it in Dulong. When the guests arrive, they will get the same share.

After nightfall, the man drank by the fireplace and read a toast, then threw the wine bowl on the bamboo shelf on the fireplace, with the bowl mouth facing the sky as a good omen.

Dulong people are very hospitable In case of hunting wild animals or a family killing pigs and cattle, a banquet for distant relatives and neighbors will be formed. In addition, Dulong people also have the custom of entertaining strangers, warmly entertaining passing guests and staying at home. It is a shame to think that there is no food and no guests to stay in the dark. They have a good tradition of not answering the road and not closing the door at night, and regard stealing as the most shameful behavior. When the Dulong people carry out some primitive sacrificial activities, tourists are not allowed to visit.

The custom and culture of Dulong people used to believe in animism, worship natural objects and believe in ghosts and gods. People think that wind, rain, electricity, thunder, mountains, floods, boulders and strange trees are haunted. Ghosts can bring disasters to people, so people spend a lot of livestock food to sacrifice to ghosts in order to pray and avoid disasters. The ghost worship of Dulong is carried out by wizards. There are two kinds of wizards, one is Namsa, who presides over sacrifices and divination, and the other is Duomusha, who specializes in exorcising ghosts. Namsa has a higher status. The only festival of Dulong is the Lunar New Year, which is in December of the lunar calendar. There is no fixed date, and the length of the festival depends on the amount of food. This festival is called "Kaque Wow" Festival. Dulong traditional festival-Dulong Year is called "Kakwa" by Dulong people. This is the only festival of Dulong in a year. They regard1February 29th as New Year's Eve and 30th as the first day of the New Year. According to legend, a long time ago, two brothers lived by the Dulong River. They lost their parents when they were young, and they took the mountains and forests as their home, shooting with crossbows, and they came through thick and thin. One day, two brothers with long knives on their backs and hard crossbows in their hands went hunting in Bila Barrel on the snowy mountain of Dandrika. It's a cloudy day, and animals can't leave their nests. I didn't see a thin rock sheep until afternoon. Brothers, split up. My brother lost his way and drove into a high mountain and deep valley, where peaks competed and dangerous rocks stood. When night enveloped the mountains, my brother waited at the appointed place. However, after waiting for a while, the moon hung on the top of Gaoligong Mountain, and there was no sign of my brother. With an anxious heart, my brother went into the deep mountain valley to find his only relative. I don't know how many mountains I have climbed and how many rapids I have crossed. I searched for nine years, eleven months and twenty-nine days. 1On February 30th, my brother came back suddenly. When the two brothers met, they were both sad and happy. My brother said sadly to his younger brother, "My good brother, it is not my brother who has the heart to leave you. Ever since our brothers separated, I have been trapped in the Longtan by a demon. The devil is eager to see you looking for your brother. Starting today, let me come back to see you every year1February 30. " My brother went on to say, "The day we met is the end of a year and the beginning of a year. Let's call it Chinese New Year. " In order to celebrate the reunion after losing his younger brother, my younger brother specially prepared various dishes made of rare birds and animals and rice made of various grains for his younger brother. After dinner, my brother was very excited to see his brother. He knocked the gong, lit the torch, invited all the old brothers in the cottage, and told everyone the good news, so that his brother and the villagers could sing and dance together. Since then, the day when brothers meet has become the year of Dulong. In festivals, every clan and tribe must collectively hunt wild animals; Slaughter pigs and sheep, and distribute the prey to families. Tribal housewives distribute new year's goods to every family. They call it "sharing food". In the past, when eating on New Year's Eve, we had to wait for every member of the tribe to arrive. If one person is missing, we won't open the pot. On the first morning of that year, just before dawn, gong sounded in the hut. Welcome the new year. After breakfast, with the gong ringing, people came to the open space of the hut to celebrate the New Year with quaint customs. People, regardless of age, gender and family, are holding hands and dancing the traditional dance of their own nation. The elders shared them with you in a traditional way with elaborate rattan and delicious dishes. At that time, singing, cheering and dancing were intertwined. Whether drinking, eating or eating meat, housewives eat part of it in Dulong. When the guests arrive, they will get the same share. After nightfall, the man drank by the fireplace and read a toast, then threw the wine bowl on the bamboo shelf on the fireplace, with the bowl mouth facing the sky as a good omen. Dulong people are very hospitable In case of hunting wild animals or a family killing pigs and cattle, a banquet for distant relatives and neighbors will be formed. In addition, Dulong people also have the custom of entertaining strangers, warmly entertaining passing guests and staying at home. It is a shame to think that there is no food and no guests to stay in the dark. They have a good tradition of not answering the road and not closing the door at night, and regard stealing as the most shameful behavior. When the Dulong people carry out some primitive sacrificial activities, tourists are not allowed to visit. Woodcut Invitation Every winter or twelfth lunar month, Dulong people have to celebrate the only traditional festival. The Dulong language is called "Kakwa", which is an annual festival of Dulong. The length of the festival mainly depends on the preparation of food, usually two or three days or four or five days. There is no fixed date for festivals. All ethnic groups are free to choose a good auspicious day to start the new year. Dulong people live in the Dulong River valley between Gaoligong Mountain and Dailika Snow Mountain, and are one of the ethnic groups with less population in China. After choosing an auspicious day for the China New Year, all families invited their relatives and friends to celebrate the New Year. They carved a gap in the specially made wood, which is "invitation", and sent people to the invited village ... >>