World Cultural Heritage Site: Village in the City-A Famous Village Accompanied by the Ancient City

Xingtian town Village is located at the eastern foot of Wuyishan, on the west bank of Chongyang River, 27 kilometers north of Wuyishan Scenic Area and 35 kilometers away from the urban area. Because it is located on the edge of Wangcheng site built by ancient Fujian and Yue people, it was renamed "Guyue" and now called "Chengcun". And "the king city of Fujian and Vietnam" formed a village on the edge of the city and a city on the edge of the village. "Guangdong" means "Guangdong", so towns and villages are also called "Guangdong City" in history. Its natural landscape, village pattern and cultural remains completely retain the style and features of ancient villages and towns.

Tanbei scenic spot

The boundary between the city and the village is Chongyang (originally under the jurisdiction of Jianyang, it was placed in Chongan County after the Republic of China). Chongyang River is crystal clear, and the whole village is like a beautiful peninsula. "The stream lights surround the village on three sides, and the mountains are locked in fog on all sides." Fertile soil and good territory make it an independent world. Therefore, in history, it is a waterway transportation hub for two-way communication between the Central Plains and Fujian. The north ferry of this village was called "Huaixi Ji Shou" in ancient times (the Jianyang section of Chongyang River was called "Huaixi" in ancient times), and Chengcun was once the first pier in Huaixi. In the past, businessmen gathered and officials often came. Although they are not famous cities, they are honest and upright. In front of the pier, "Qian Fan passes by during the day, and lights are everywhere at night". Goods are distributed and business is booming. For a time, it became a big trading port in northern Fujian and enjoyed the reputation of "Tanbei Famous Area" and "Northern Important Town". The prosperity of the village at that time can be imagined.

The village faces south, about 845 meters long from east to west and 578 meters wide from north to south, with a total area of 48 square meters. Surrounded by walled villages, residents enter and leave through four gates, each with a guard room and observation holes. It is said that there were suspension bridges in ancient times, which shows the strict defense. The south gate is the main entrance, and the word "ancient Guangdong" is written on the forehead, indicating that in ancient times, it was the habitat of "Cantonese people". The other three doors are called "Golden Ping Gao Zhao", "Qingyang Building" and "Guangdong City". The four main streets in the village are well-shaped and paved with pebbles. Dozens of alleys crisscross, and one of them, "Jiuqu Lane", is winding and has a unique design. The alleys are long and the ancient style still exists, as if returning to the historical just visiting. There are drainage systems on both sides of the streets and lanes, which flow from west to east and from north to south into the stream. The urchin in the village is playing in the stream, and the women in the village are washing clothes by the stream. Every summer night, it is really "watching flowers across the stream and sending poems to bathe in the sunset glow". A long beach scenery, washing clothes, splashing water around the village. "Form a quiet and warm picture of a mountain village. Ancient wells can be seen everywhere in the village. There are hundreds of legends, and now there are more than 20 left. The bluestone fence on the well platform was pulled into a groove many inches deep by the rope, and ferns and moss grew on the well wall. Sip with a handful of well water, cool and sweet. The towering first floor in the center of the main street is called "Jujing Building", which is the geomantic building in the village. When you climb the building, you can see all the scenery inside and outside the village. It is both a playground and a lookout. There are nine temples in the village, namely Huaguang Temple, Wenchang Pavilion, Jiangxian Temple, Guandi Temple, Sanguantang, Ciyun Temple, Huangyuge, Chongfu Temple and Mazu Tempel. Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism are compatible. Temple fairs are very lively several times a year.

Family and centenary house

The three surnames of residents are "Zhao, Lin and Li", and their ancestors are all prominent families in the Central Plains. Because of the war, they moved south, and their ancestors saw the custom and chose Renju to settle in cities and villages. For hundreds of years, Ding Nan has become famous and his children have grown into melons, fruits and cotton. Because of several surnames, a rain pavilion was built in a relatively concentrated area, and * * * has four pavilions. A pavilion is usually a resting place where people sit and chat. In the case of family conflicts, they are also discussion kiosks for mediating contradictions and resolving disputes, which is the legacy of the ancient "square pavilion" system. There is a "Hundred Years Square" on the west side of the main entrance of the village, which was given to Zhao, a 100-year-old villager by Emperor Qin Wanli. The archway was built in 16 17, supported by twelve columns and divided into upper, middle and lower lifting beams. There are six stacked boat arches on each floor, painted and painted, which is very spectacular, and four peach stones are placed below. On the front, there is a plaque of "retiring from the four dynasties", followed by "saints in the world". Zhao's genealogy still contains Hundred-year-old Weng Shouwen, written by Ye, an important minister in Ming Wanli. The whole archway not only embodies the architectural style of the Ming Dynasty, but also symbolizes the traditional culture of "respecting the elderly" in ancient China.

The refraction of Confucian culture

If the location of Chengcun is based on the ancient "Feng Shui" in China, then the residential buildings in Chengcun are the architectural refraction of Confucian culture in China. There are still many old houses in the village, among which the style of the Three Surnames Ancestral Hall is the most prominent, and the larger houses are hung with plaques and couplets. On the plane, Sanheyuan is the entrance, and a brick-carved gatehouse is built outside. The door of the rich family extends up to five times along the central axis, and two or three parallel "lanes" are added horizontally. There are many qing dynasty furniture in the room.

The house has a simple appearance, a hard top and a gentle erection. Gables are mostly vertical bricks, and internal beams and columns are made of large materials. The pillars of the hall are made of old cedar or bitter pearl trees, keeping the true colors of logs. Bluestone steps, gray brick floor. There is a stone flower bed in the courtyard, and a precious orchid is raised on the flower bed, nicknamed "Jade Embroidery Needle". One is in the house, and the fragrance is overflowing. The ancestors of these families are mostly literati, and they attach importance to the quality of orchids. Among flowers, orchids are a symbol of nobility and elegance. Raising orchids at home is to hope that future generations will be endowed with orchids and prosper. Place a square stone basin or a large ceramic flowerpot under the flower bed, which is usually filled with water, not only for fire fighting, but also for steam orchids. Mid-span in Ming dynasty, lifting beams, supporting beams and columns with bucket arches, and adding fine wood carvings. There are many colorful paintings inside and outside the main hall, with elegant colors. Screen doors, window sills and railings are all wood carvings with popular themes and are widely circulated among the people. There are auspicious and blessing patterns, interesting historical allusions, myths and legends and folk stories, which praise filial piety and loyalty, and advocate courtesy and honesty. In the meantime, architectural art and decorative art have reached a high degree of unity, as if entering the art palace of Confucian culture, allowing you to read, appreciate and taste its ideas and layout.

There is a well-preserved Jinshi in Chengcun New Street. In the late Qing Dynasty, the owner of this house was Zhao Dakui, who was studying while farming. Finally, he was admitted to the third-class Jinshi in the Wu language examination. The good news of high school was still posted on the wall of the hall, and the couplets he wrote were still hung in the hall. The content is "everyone knows less than the ancients, and is born heartless?" His reading building is still there, and although his books have been lost, today people can still feel that the ancient rural intellectuals are "famous all over the world without asking for ten years." And the atmosphere of the struggle road of "Tian Shelang in the morning and the Imperial Palace at night".

A spider web hung in the dark and an empty beam fell into the mud.

However, times have changed. With the impact of modern civilization, road vehicles have ruthlessly replaced river boats, foreign buildings have replaced old houses, and towns have replaced villages. A large number of young and middle-aged people go to cities to work, and rural prototypes are left out in the cold. The prosperity of the past quickly disappeared like a comet, and the prototypes of cities and villages were doomed to aging and change. Only some cultural remains are left, revealing historical changes and letting those empty nesters relive their lost dreams. There are poems as evidence:

Yong Gu Yue cheng village

After the sunset, the city is in the grass.

Hook the moon and stay in the temple, the golden wind and the Buddha tower clock.

People's feelings are looming like the customs of the former dynasty, and people's houses are poor in finding the ancient Guangdong Palace.

The ruins of the rise and fall of the past dynasties are all there, and great songs are filled with sadness.