Brief history of Zhang Cun coal mine

In order to carry forward the glorious tradition of coal miners' hard work, carry out * * * producer education, let young miners know the hard work of the older generation of miners, and enhance the master's thought, through the discussion and investigation of the old workers, we collected historical materials from the mine construction to the Cultural Revolution, and sorted out the materials such as Shahe County Records and Zhang Cun Coal Mine Collection published by Hebei Mining Bureau 1949.

First, the situation before liberation.

Located in Shahe City, Hebei Province, this mine is a part of Hanxing Base. There are Fengfeng and Handan Mining Bureau in the south, Xingtai Coal Mine and Qicun Iron Mine in the north, Xiandewang Coal Mine in the west and Beijing-Guangzhou Railway17km in the east.

Coal is recognized and utilized by human beings, which promotes the process of social civilization. The development of Zhang Cun coalfield also has its historical achievements. According to the Records of Shahe County, as early as 900 years ago, in the fourth year of Renzong in the Northern Song Dynasty, coal mines began to be developed near Yaopo Village in A.D. 1047. At that time, the coal was called "Carboniferous", and Zhang Cun, Sanwangcun, Yaopo, Xiandewang and other places were full of abandoned mines and gangue piles left by previous coal mines. According to relevant data, Zhang Cun coal mine was mined in Daoguang period of Qing Dynasty, and there were two platforms: Shandong Yang and Niu. At present, the Erjing area of Zhang Cun Coal Mine was mined during Xianfeng period of Qing Dynasty. In the early years of Guangxu, a Taoist Song used a machine to absorb water and collect media here. In the fourth year of Guangxu, due to continuous heavy rain and flash floods, the shaft was flooded and the kiln was scrapped. According to the Records of Shahe County, at that time, the government imposed heavy taxes on coal mines. Tongxinpo Coal Mine in Sanwangcun was banned by the government in the first year of Daoguang because of its tax resistance, and it did not resume production until the twenty-second year of Guangxu. In ancient times, when coal mines were opened, people used pulleys to lift water and drain water, but they could not resist when they encountered quicksand and a lot of water gushing. Because this area has large coal reserves, large area, thin surface coverage and no quicksand layer, it is easier to dig wells, so small coal mines are everywhere.

Since 1922, modern steam engines have been widely used as power in this mining area. This year, Beijing capitalist Feng Shu chose to invest and open coal mines here. Obtained the business license issued by the National Government, and entrusted agents Li Xizhen of Wuqing County and Li Songnian of Shandong Province to drill wells here. The address is in the west of Wangsan Village, and it is named "Gongfubao Mine". The predecessor of Fafa is Zhang Cun Coal Mine (commonly known as Company Coal Mine). In the early days of liberation, it was called Volkswagen Coal Mine). Li Xizhen just came to drive.

At the time of mining, there were more than 30 private small kilns in this area, all of which were protected by people and mined by hand. Li Kai Mine adopts steam boiler protection and steam winch, which is fast and efficient. It took only two years to build the mine, and it was officially put into production on 1925, with a daily output of about 24 tons of raw coal. Since then, the number of new mines has been increasing. By 1935, there have been 16 mines, such as cypress land, Song Jialing, Shangxiaojiao, wheat land, Xiaozitai and high-rise kiln, with an average daily output of raw coal 100 tons. Capitalist Feng Shu sends his second son Feng to inspect the mine every six months and ask for profits. At the peak of 193 1 to 1938, the number of workers reached 1000, and the daily output of raw coal was more than 400 tons. Of the eight pairs of mines, two use steam winches for lifting, and manual pumps and cowhide bags for underground drainage, making them the largest coal mines in Shahe and Xingtai. At that time, the main managers and accountants in the mine were brought from Beijing and Tianjin, the backbone of electromechanical technology was recruited from Zhangde and other places in Henan, and other workers, underground foremen and kiln workers were recruited from nearby villages. The head of the management organization is manager Li Xizhen. Followed by Li Songnian, deputy manager, and Wu Mou, general manager. There are "Dajinzhang" in charge of ground supply and marketing, "Kiln Craftsman" in charge of underground production technology, "Missing Person Shop" in charge of recruitment, bookkeeping and payroll, Mr. Bookkeeper in charge of finance, and more than 70 miners and 12 mine patrolmen sent by Shahe County in charge of public security and order maintenance.

In the semi-feudal and semi-colonial society of old China, this mining area was once a place where imperialists, Kuomintang warlords, bandits and gentry competed with each other. Since the mine was built in 1922, reactionary warlords, bandits, Huimen, traitors and traitors have all turned this mine into a piece of fat, trying to squeeze the blood and sweat of the workers here. 1927, Tianmen Society, Henan Anti-Union, drove away capitalists, seized the right to operate mines, used superstition to deceive people, publicized invulnerability, and brutally persecuted miners and surrounding farmers. The evil deeds of bandits in Tianmen society forced local workers and peasants to rise up and resist. Farmers in all villages have set up self-defense armed groups and complained to Feng Jun stationed in Xingtai. Half a year later, the troops stationed in Xingfeng called, and only two guns were fired in Wang Gangling, a dozen miles away from the mine, which blew up a corner of the coal mine. The Tianmen bandits fled for their lives. Many people were killed when they fled. Only some leaders and 18 backbone men with guns escaped, and the rest were arrested. The first civilization was also killed by the Baita people. After the Tianmen meeting, Li Xizhen returned to the mine to organize production.

193 1 year, Shi Yousan, a reactionary warlord stationed in Xingtai, kidnapped Li Xizhen to Xingtai in order to raise military expenses, and later redeemed her with 1000 yuan. "After the July 7th Incident, the Japanese invaders invaded China, and the public security was chaotic. People often went to the mine to plunder property. In order to maintain production, Li Xizhen invited militia headed by Shi Jinglan from Jiaopo Village to guard the mine. Soon: Yang, a bandit in Yongnian County, invaded the mine and rode on the workers' heads to show off. At that time, the Kuomintang did not resist Japan, but fled to the south. The workers in this mine were robbed by passing troops. In particular, the troops of the Kuomintang (KMT), Sun Dianying, once came to the mine to harass, lived on the sesame mine floor, robbed and arrested people casually, causing panic and interrupting production.

1in the spring of 938, our Eighth Route Army came from Jindong to drive away the stubborn bandits, educate the workers, support the workers' strike, and negotiate with the management for a pay increase. At that time, our party comrades Wang Zheng (the first county party secretary of Shahe County) and Yao Guanglu often preached about resisting Japan and saving the nation among miners, and negotiated with Cui Decheng, the representative of the employer, on behalf of the workers, so that the wages of miners were raised from 0.82 yuan per day to 1. 15 yuan, and workers were allowed to carry coal home when they went down the well. At that time, our party recruited Xing Yingxun and Wang among the miners' activists to join the China Producers' Party. The Party branch was established in May 1938, with Comrade Yao Guanglu, the local working group of the Eighth Route Army, as its secretary, Xing Yingxun as its organizing committee member and Wang as its propaganda committee member. After the establishment of the Party branch, a workers' congress was held and the "Workers' Anti-Japanese National Salvation Association" was elected. Elected Zheng Dongfang (a small foreman) as chairman, Xing Yingxun as chairman, Wang as organization member, publicity member, Zheng as anti-rape member, Li as armed member and life member, and called on all workers to attend the meeting that day to celebrate the establishment of the Workers' Anti-Japanese National Salvation Association.

June, 1938. When the Japanese aggressors and Imperial Association troops invaded in large scale, our army immediately retreated with workers. The puppet bandit troops based in this mining area forced the workers who stayed in the mine to dig coal for them, while relying on the Japanese aggressors to plunder the people's wealth. High bandits run coal mines, and when there is no pit firewood, they cut down trees and grab firewood in the nearby countryside; When finance is tight, homemade paper money is issued and circulated in the mining area with whips and bayonets. They dug deep trenches, built walls and built bunkers in the mining area, turned the coal mine into a military fortress, and set up an ordnance and gun bureau within the wall of the headquarters to manufacture machine guns, pistols and grenades. There are more than 80 gun bureaus and more than 20 lathes. Gao Fei's three regiments soon all changed into the newly produced "Linde" artillery. After Gao got this treasure land, he was ambitious and got carried away under the egg wing of the Japanese invaders. He was first called the brigade commander and then the commander. He often goes to the countryside to burn, kill and rob, and publicly kills people almost every day. Xigou of Taoshu Geology and Mineral Resources, named "Wumaomen", is the execution ground of high bandits, often forced by white bones, bloody and smoked. 194 1 In July, the Eighth Route Army, with the cooperation of the masses, launched an armed attack on the mining area in order to punish the puppet bandits and rescue the miners. The boilers and winches in Taoshudi and two pairs of mines were blown up, and the tall bandits huddled in the wall of the headquarters and dared not leave their nests, so they had to escape under the cover of Japanese planes. Since then, two pairs of mines in wheat field and peach field have been flooded, and Gao Fei is scared to death. He moved the headquarters and gun bureau to Xingtai, sent his brother-in-law Zhu and his adjutant Zhao to stay in the mine and went to Xiaozitai to restore the old mine and continue mining. The Garden renamed "Filial Piety Terrace" as "General Mountain". There are two pairs in the mine, one is lifted by steam engine, and the other is produced by manual hoist until 1945 was liberated.

In the old society, coal miners were inferior and were called "coal mines" with three mountains on their backs. The reactionary ruling classes, such as landlords, capitalists, Japanese aggressors and imperial associations, only care about getting rich and enjoying themselves, and don't treat workers as human beings. At that time, a worker worked underground for 24 hours per shift, and put his head "big wheel" (that is, the foreman) in the underground, holding a whip made of wax bars and hemp rope in his hand. Seeing that the worker was slow, he gave him a beating to his face. At that time, the people who were beaten the most were small porters and water carriers. The scraper is immersed in the water all day, and each person is in charge of a landlord. They used wicker buckets to pour water from low places to high places. The water is always scooped up and kept growing, and it can't stop for 24 hours. After more than ten tons, the pit is full and flows downwards, and it will be beaten. The little porter used a wax basket with wheels to pull the coal from the coal head to the bottom of the well. Many people line up, one pulls a basket, and the foreman sits at the bottom of the well to supervise the work. The beating tools he often carries with him are wax strips (called hemp candy) and hemp rope (called noodles). The little porter didn't have enough baskets to keep up with the team. Coal fell behind and was beaten. There are stones in the coal, and it is even worse to miss the trip. Whoever dares to resist will be handed over to the puppet troops, and those who are light will be hanged and those who are heavy will be put to death. Work clothes, rubber shoes, safety helmets and insufficient lighting were not provided for underground operations, and most workers were injured by stones from head to toe. Liu Shou, an old worker in Baita Village, has 2 1 scars on his back, all of which he touched underground. At that time, a worker hanged himself underground because he couldn't stand these crimes. Li Qunbao, a worker in Baijian Village, was beaten underground and hid in the puddle of Laotang, afraid to come out all night. Later, his brother found out that he was out, and he didn't hide it from his boss, so he was beaten again. At that time, capitalists only asked workers to do thousands of jobs, each class worked for 24 hours, with a salary of 82 cents (converted into ten kilograms of millet) and no other benefits. One shift works 24 hours, and the next shift takes two days. Earn only five catties of millet a day, and eat with dry food. If he doesn't stop working, he can only live by himself. There are a few people in the family who can't manage it at all and can't even afford coal. Sometimes some coal is bagged from the ground with dry food, and the leaders will fight when they find it. There are four workers in Xiayuan Village who once transported coal in Xiaozitai Coal Mine. Zuo Zhong, the dog leg, found him, hung him on the hoist at the wellhead and beat him up. He also let foreign dogs bite his leg, bleeding profusely. At that time, there were no bathhouses, canteens and dormitories in the mine. There are only a few wooden basins in the yard of the tracing shop for workers to wash their faces, not to mention soap or even hot water. At that time, there were not many workers from other places, and most of them lived in the countryside three or four miles around the mine. Some people are homeless and live in brick kilns or earth caves. Xiaozitai miners lived in a cave and collapsed once, killing three people. At that time, the foreign dog of Wang, the leader of the mine, ate steamed bread with eggs and beef soup, but the workers worked beside the hungry, working underground for 24 hours, and going home hungry when they got down the well. As a result, hunger, freezing and exhaustion continue to occur. At that time, the capitalists didn't care if the workers got sick or died. Many workers died without using coffins. Especially during the period of high rule, workers' lives were not guaranteed. Liu, an old worker in the village, went home by dark after work and went to the south slope of Zhongguancun. Because of overwork, he fell asleep and was met by the passing imperial association army. Before he woke up, he was killed by a bayonet. Miner Meng, wearing a pair of leather shoes, was called the Eighth Route Army, tied up and stuffed into the black bean mine and fell to his death. At that time, there was war, coal mines stopped production and a large number of workers lost their jobs. Unemployed workers have no food. In addition, there was a famine in 1942 for three years, and there was no rain for a long time. They couldn't survive in the local area, only Shanxi, Jingxing and Shijiazhuang fled for food, and many people starved to death in other places. For example, Meng Ergen, an old miner, went to Shijiazhuang to beg and starved to death on the streets. Due to the continuous war and famine, miners fled, the output of coal mines continued to decline, and the number of personnel decreased greatly. By the time 1945 was liberated, there were only 670 food workers in the whole mine.

Second, the early liberation of production recovery

1June, 945, the Japanese surrendered and the mine was liberated. In September, the Taihang Administration for Industry and Commerce under the Anti-Japanese Government officially took over. Since then, the mine has been reborn and started a new era. If coal mines used to be a hell for squeezing workers' blood and sweat, then coal mines after liberation are a paradise for workers to be masters of their own affairs.

After the mine was taken over by Taihang Administration for Industry and Commerce in September 1945, it was handed over to the leadership of the Economic Section of Taihang District Committee in June 1946 and handed over to the leadership of Taihang Shiya Company in June 1947/kloc-0. At the end of July, 1949, Taihang Industrial Company ended and the mine was placed under the leadership of Hebei Province.

When the Japanese invaders and the Imperial Association retreated, the facilities in this mine were seriously damaged, leaving only two three-section pots, which also exceeded the service life. There are two pneumatic winches with a lifting capacity of only half a ton, a semi-old steel wire rope, two three-inch air pumps and a four-inch air pump. Although there is an air pump, there is no boiler and pipeline, so it can't be used. If we want to resume production as soon as possible, we can only mobilize the masses and rely on everyone's ideas to find a way.

At that time, under the guidance of manager Ji Yimin, deputy managers Zhu Zhanliang, Xu De, Rong Quanlin and other comrades, 270 workers in the mine were gathered to preach the government's principles and policies to them, which stabilized the mood of the workers and invited more than 30 old workers to discuss and study how to restore damaged mines and electricity. The battle slogan put forward by the leaders is: resume work on September 5, and put into production on 10/day. The main task is to repair two boilers and two gas winches, drain water first and restore underground roadway. During the maintenance, it was found that all the machine parts on the winch boiler were destroyed. Although the mine was liberated, Xingtai, Handan and other cities have not released it, and the missing parts have nowhere to buy and cannot be matched. In this case, the mine leaders also held a forum for old workers, at which they proposed to buy the main engine parts at a high price. This call has been answered by the broad masses of workers, who support the party and the government with practical actions. Many people hand over machine parts for free, and some workers buy precious spare parts at market prices. At that time, the workers and peasants had just been liberated and were in high spirits. Some of them sent wood to the mine, some came to sell machine parts, and some came to the mine to find jobs, which gave great support to the recovery of the mine. After less than a month of preparation, production resumed and the urgent need for coal in the liberated areas was solved. Under the leadership of the Party organizations at higher levels, in order to arouse workers' enthusiasm for production, activists who have contributed to the resumption of production shall be commended and rewarded in time.

When the mine resumed production, it also shouldered the task of fighting against the enemy. At that time, big cities had not been liberated. Although the mine was liberated, the remaining enemies were still fierce. In the village five kilometers southeast of the mine, there are still more than 3000 bandits Yang's troops. In order to prevent the enemy from attacking, the mine organizes production, and at the same time organizes all mine workers to stand guard and take turns to check out the bad guys.

At that time, the mine that resumed production was Xiaozitai Well, named "Dazhong Coal Mine", located in West Erli of Wangsan Village. Because of the enemy's destructive exploitation of underground coalfields, it is very difficult to drain and clean the roadway after liberation, and the output can not go up. Moreover, the coal quality is poor, the explosive force is strong and it is difficult to burn. In order to develop production, find good coal and replace new and old mines, the leaders decided to build a new mine at 1946 east of Zhang Cun (i.e. Zhang Cun mine site).

Zhang Cun Mine started in August 1946, when it was a barren hill. The first and second wells dug were the old wells left by the Qing Dynasty. This pair of old mines was abandoned after only playing for more than 40 meters because of its hard rocks and large water inflow. According to local legend, this well has seen coal three meters high, and it stopped because the underground water could not be discharged. Therefore, the leaders thought there was great hope, so they installed a basin-protecting winch in well 1 and a manual winch in well 2. It is expected that coal will be seen in a few months after the start of construction.

However, due to the unclear geological data, it is not ideal to listen to the legends of local old farmers. The coal in this mine is 79 meters deep, and the predecessors stopped only after hitting more than 40 meters, and no coal was seen. During sinking construction, the rock ditch is hard, the water inflow is large, and the project progress is very slow. Until the first quarter of 1947, all the old mines in Xiaozitai were finished, and Zhang Cun No.1 and No.2 wells were out of coal. At that time, the country was in war and economic difficulties, and the superiors did not have a lot of funds to subsidize enterprises. Seeing that the workers can't pay their wages, the party and government leaders in the mine called the representatives of the workers and agreed on three ways: first, they can make a living and persuade them not to spend for the time being; Second, if there is no expense and life is difficult, only 30% of the salary will be paid; Third, some employees with large families and extremely difficult lives will get 60% salary. So there is not enough money in the mine. Under the care of the Party, Taihang Industrial Company allocated two million yuan of Ji Nan currency, part of which was used to buy urgently needed materials for well construction and part of which was used for staff expenses.

After liberation, the working class became mine owners. At that time, the old workers loved mining at home. Despite the difficulties, the broad masses of workers are frugal and prosperous. Because of the large amount of water encountered in drilling wells and the backward drainage tools, everyone made a living by soaking in cold water. The water inflow of the main shaft is large, and the drainage is 25 tons/hour. Sinking is breaking rocks from the bottom of the water. In order to improve efficiency, we hung a sign at the wellhead and held a competition in each class, which inspired everyone's enthusiasm. In the process of resuming production, many activists emerged among workers, making contributions to overcoming extreme economic difficulties. At that time, cadres were all in the supply system. Except for food and clothing, only six kilograms of millet allowance is paid per load, and life is very difficult, especially when the old mine is over and the new mine is not built. After moving to the new mine, the manager's office and the cadres worked in a small room, but everyone was full of revolutionary spirit.

3. Well No.4 started in April, and coal was discharged in 1947, 10, and 1948. By the end of September, the mine 1948 and * * * produced raw coal 16000 tons, although this was only a part of coal left by the mined slag, which gave strong support to the main shaft construction at that time. With the joint efforts of all staff and a period of mine engineering construction, small-scale production began in May 1948, and the construction of this well took 2 months1month. When it was first put into production, the daily output was 200-300 tons, and the average daily output of 1949 reached 360 tons, and the life of employees gradually improved.

Third, the development of production and construction after liberation.

From 1945 to 2 1 year in 1966, the production developed rapidly. 1945, the total coal output was 35,000 tons, and 1966 has reached 4096 15 tons.

The affiliation of the mine changed: 1945 was taken over by Taihang Administration for Industry and Commerce in September; June 1946, led by the Economic Department of the Party Committee of Taihang District; 1 month 1947 changed to the leader of Taihang industrial company; 1949 July 3 1 was placed under the leadership of Hebei Mining Bureau; /kloc-0 handed over to the leadership of Handan Mining Bureau in July, 958, 1959 1 month led by Daxian County Committee of Xingtai; 1960 may 14 returned to the leadership of Handan mining bureau; At the end of 1962, Xingtai Municipal Committee took the lead.

Party and government leading cadres in this mine changed: the first leader of the Party organization, citizen 1945 as manager and party branch secretary, Bai Juwu 1950 as general branch secretary, Zhang Yunhui 1953 as general branch secretary, and Dong Yinsheng 1954 as general branch secretary and party secretary (the mine was originally a party)

In May, Cui Guangfu was appointed secretary of the municipal party committee; 1964, Rong quanlin served as party secretary, 1965, Cui Xijin served as acting secretary and mine manager until the Cultural Revolution. The order of appointment of the Chief Executive is: 1945, one citizen as the manager, 1948, Xu De as the manager, 1956, Rong Quanlin as the mine manager, 1959, Zhang Baoshan as the mine manager, 1960.

1945 when the mine was just liberated, there was only one mineral coal, and the maximum daily output was only over 30 tons. Under the leadership of the higher party Committee, the production scale is getting bigger and bigger. 1947, xiaozitai old mine ended, and Dazhong coal mine was renamed Zhang Cun coal mine.

The No.1 well of Zhang Cun Coal Mine was officially put into operation in May 1948. At that time, the production conditions were very difficult, and the upper part of the shaft was an old well left by predecessors. After drilling, the shaft is not straight, and the diameter is inconsistent, the minimum is 1.75 m, and the maximum is 2. 12m, which limits the high-speed lifting, and only 200 to 300 tons of coal are produced every day for 6 years. At that time, the large basket of white wax was popularized and used, with a capacity of 0.4 tons, which was hooked by wellhead workers and had great labor intensity. The shaft is not straight, which is very unsafe. In order to expand production, wells 1953 and 1 stopped production and expanded production. The expansion of 1955 and 1 wells has been completed, with an annual production capacity of 200,000 tons. The diameter of the shaft was expanded from1.75m to 3.22m, and the shaft wall was all inlaid with blue bricks. Shaft hoisting will use 85 HP steam winch instead of 70 HP steam winch. This car has a fast lifting speed, with a well depth of 104m, and it only takes 25 seconds to lift once. In this well, the original big basket of white wax was changed into a cage, and the tank car on the well was changed into a cage with a light rail on it. A 40 kW stepless rope winch is installed on the bottom-hole Mara slope, which can simultaneously hang more than 20 harvesters on the slope of 16 degrees and 440 meters long. Electric winches are used in all the inclined shafts in the underground, and the transportation in the drift is gradually changed from pulling baskets and carts to horse-drawn harvesters. 1955, the railway from Xincheng to our mine was paved, and coal could be transported to all places by train, which changed the previous way of transporting coal only by carriage, cart and animal power, and reversed the backlog of summer accumulation and winter sales. Due to the improvement of mechanization level, the labor intensity of workers is reduced, the working conditions are improved, the production efficiency is significantly improved, and the raw coal output is increased year by year. 1955, the peak and chapter circuits are connected, and the underground and underground are electrified. In the past, all the small power stations run by our mine were eliminated. 196 1 year set up the second loop of Guo and Zhang power supply lines for 11 kilometers and expand the substation of this mine. Since then, the power supply has been more adequate and the degree of electrification has improved. After 1958, underground transportation gradually replaced mules and horses with electric locomotives made of soil, and all mining was blasted with electric drills and coal was transported with electric valves.

No.1 Mine ended at 1966, leaving only two production mines, No.2 Mine and No.3 Mine. No.3 well (Yaopo Mine) was mined by this mine before 1960, and stopped production at the end of 1960 because coal could not be transported. It is operated by Shahe County 1963 to 1965 and belongs to county-run coal mine. 1966 1 month merged into this mine. From 65438 to 0966, the railway coal transportation in this mine has made new development. Two new coal bunkers have been built on the ground of the No.2 and No.3 wells, and the underground coal can be directly loaded on the train through belts, thus liberating the heavy labor of the ground transport workers.

With the development of modern science, the production technology of this mine has been continuously reformed. Before 1952, all the coal mining methods were residual coal pillar mining, which was inefficient, threw more coal and wasted resources. Since 1952, longwall mining and chute transportation have been carried out. Later, the wooden crib in the working face was changed into double-row dense columns. This reform not only improved the efficiency by three times, but also saved the potholes, which was beneficial to safety.

For many years, groundwater is the biggest threat. 1949 nine miners were drowned at one time because of groundwater. During the period of 1956, the rainstorm and flood washed away the circuit, resulting in the mine being flooded. Diesel engine is temporarily used to generate electricity and drain water, which often breaks down and cannot be produced normally. 1958 1 1: 00 A pit turns five alleys into water, which causes the whole well to stop production and turns six alleys into temporary water warehouses. The party and government attach great importance to solving the problem of drainage facilities and give strong support. Now the number of large water pumps in the whole mine has increased to 150; There are 46 large-scale water pumps over 300 kilowatts, with a total power of 23 178 kilowatts. In the past, cowhide bags were used for drainage, and 30 tons of underground water inflow per hour could not be discharged. Now, hundreds of tons of water per hour is not terrible.

Another problem that threatens the safety of employees is ventilation. Before 1955, natural ventilation was used in all mines, and the ventilation system was chaotic, which not only caused many workers to suffer from silicosis, but also caused gas accumulation, and many people were smoked down. Mechanical ventilation was adopted from 1955, and an exhaust fan of 55 kW was installed, and then an exhaust fan of 90 kW was installed. The underground air volume reached 4 cubic meters per person per minute. At present, all three wellheads are equipped with large and small fans, and there are 13 exhaust fans in the whole mine, which can deliver 1465 cubic meters of fresh air to the underground every hour, greatly improving the working environment and ensuring the health of workers.

Underground lighting, before 1958, was to carry small oil lamps or calcium carbide lamps. 1958 and then switch to battery miner's lamp.

Before 1958, there was only one tubular boiler, one 8 horsepower diesel engine, four steam winches, one water pump, one yuan car, one shaper, one drilling machine, one hand drill, one grinder, one iron smelting furnace, one 10 telephone exchange and five telephones. There are no cars in the whole mine, and the harvesters are all bought from other places. 1959 in the first half of the year, the motor above 40 kW was overhauled and transported to Shijiazhuang.

Now there are more than 30 cars, including 20 trucks, jeeps, vans, medium-sized cars, carts, forklifts, cranes, bulldozers, ambulances, tractors and so on. The equipment in the machinery workshop has greatly increased. There are 50 metal cutting machines, planers, universal milling machines and so on. Before liberation, the power of machine tools was stirred by people, and later it was driven by steam. Now it's all electric drive. Not only can we overhaul large motors and repair various machine parts, but we can also make our own machine tools, winches, harvesters and other equipment. The self-made mine car not only meets the production and use of this mine, but also supplies other brother units.