What is the history of Confucius Temple in Zhangzhou?

There is indeed a Confucius Temple in Pinghe Jiu Feng, Zhangzhou, Fujian, which is said to be modeled after the Confucius House in Qufu, Shandong.

Unfortunately, the Confucius Temple here was severely damaged in modern history.

The former site of Confucius Temple is already a senior middle school. On campus, you can also see the only two buildings with good integrity, the use of stone carvings and two piles of stone carvings.

Encyclopedia/Wikipedia/Zhangzhou Confucian Temple

Zhangzhou Confucian Temple

Open Classification: Urban Culture of National Geographic Cities

Zhangzhou Confucian Temple, located on Xiuwen West Road in the urban area, is one of the four Confucian temples in China, the largest ancient architectural complex in Zhangzhou and a national key cultural relic protection unit.

It was founded in Song Dynasty (1044).

In history, Zhu Xi, Zhu Xi, Zhu Xi, Zhu Xi and Huang Daozhou all offered sacrifices to Confucius here. During the Jian Yan period of the Southern Song Dynasty (1127-1130), descendants of Confucius fled from soldiers and lived in the temple from generation to generation until the Zheng De period of the Ming Dynasty.

Edit abstract

Edit information module

Chinese Name: Zhangzhou Confucian Temple Another Name: Zhangzhou Confucian Temple

Region: Fujian, China Region: Zhangzhou City

It was founded in the 4th year of Song Dynasty (1044).

Area:15000m2

Location: Located in Xiuwen West Road, Zhangzhou City, it is one of the four Confucius Temples in China and the largest ancient building friendship city in Zhangzhou City: Quanzhou City.

Famous scenic spots: Lingxingmen, Jimen, Dongda Lane, Dacheng Hall, telephone area code: 0596.

Postal code: 363000

catalogue

[hide]

1 Introduction

2 history

3 scale

4 structure

5 decoration

6 historical records

7 architectural art

Eight scenic spots

9 meaning

10 ticket price

Zhangzhou Confucian Temple-Introduction

Zhangzhou Confucian Temple

Zhangzhou Confucian Temple, located on Xiuwen West Road in the urban area, is one of the four Confucian temples in China, the largest ancient architectural complex in Zhangzhou and a national key cultural relic protection unit.

Zhangzhou Confucian Temple-History

It was founded in Song Dynasty (1044).

In history, Zhu Xi, Zhu Xi, Zhu Xi, Zhu Xi and Huang Daozhou all offered sacrifices to Confucius here. During the Jian Yan period in the Southern Song Dynasty (1127-1130), descendants of Confucius fled from soldiers and lived in seclusion, which was passed down from generation to generation until the Zheng De period in the Ming Dynasty.

Zhangzhou Confucian Temple-Scale

The existing area of Zhangzhou Confucian Temple is10.5 million square meters, with a building area of 2,600 square meters. There are Yimen, Jimen, Danhuan, Platform and Dacheng Hall, with two pavilions on each side.

[ 1]

Zhangzhou Confucian Temple-Structure

Zhangzhou Confucian Temple faces south, with an existing area of about 6,000 square meters and a total construction area of 2,600 square meters.

The original ancient buildings, such as Mingluntang, Chi Pan and Lingxingmen, were all destroyed. Now, the central axis in the main entrance is Jimen, Danyong, Platform and Dacheng Hall in turn, with East-West Pavilion and Jingyi Pavilion on both sides.

The front of halberd is nine rooms wide and two rooms deep.

The east and west sides are eight wide and two deep.

Dacheng Hall is a wooden structure building in Ming Dynasty, built on a stone pedestal, with five rooms wide and six rooms deep (the first one is a corridor), resting on the top of the mountain and double eaves.

Among them, the six colonnade columns on the front eaves of the frame are relief stone dragon columns and drum-shaped stone columns.

Its eaves column and gold column are all granite columns, and the basin covers the column foundation.

Three-step beams are used between the east and west ends of the front porch and the back eaves to support the roof under the eaves, three-step corridors are used between the front and rear old eaves columns and the golden columns, and seven beams are placed between the inner golden columns. The straw racks on the ceiling are all barrels.

The foot of the golden pillars in the two mountains and the pillar in the ridge all fall on the Qi Xin bucket of the stigma family on the east and west sides of the upper eaves, and the tenons on both sides of the column are connected with the stigma side, which inherits the early practice of "inserting columns".

All the stigma families and Pingshen families in Dougong inherited the early characteristics.

The stigma family is applied to the front and rear old eaves columns, inner gold columns and middle columns of the secondary ridge.

Before and after the Ming Dynasty, the upper eaves were flat, the old eaves and mountain columns were flat, and the mountain columns and central columns were flat.

According to Master Yan Ping outside the Song Dynasty, he made a single row for the fifth shop (playing with his head and making it oblique), and then he turned to the fifth shop to make a single row to steal his heart.

Inside the temple, Pingshen Division made a single table for Shop Five.

Roof rafters are paved with tiles, pipe tiles, slab tiles, main ridges, vertical ridges, surrounding ridges, bricks for ridges, lime mortar surfaces, and flowers and birds, rolling grass and so on are decorated on both sides of each ridge. The two ends of the main ridge are dovetail-shaped.

Zhangzhou Confucian temple-decoration

There are six doors between the old eaves columns in front of the temple, four in the open room, four in the secondary room and four in the pointed room. Separation is similar to the practice of "one horse and three arrows". The open room of the back eaves wall is provided with solid bed doors, and the east, west and pointed rooms are provided with square windows.

The wall and ground dado are built with stone, the upper wall is built with brick, the wall is plastered with white mortar, the outside is painted with vermilion, and the inside is painted with white.

Inside the temple, many red bricks are placed obliquely.

The front porch floor is paved with hexagonal red floor tiles.

Slate strips are laid on the platform and surrounding platforms.

When the platform railing was repaired in 2000, it was restored to its original state according to the setting of stone railings in Ming Dynasty in southern Fujian.

Painted and oiled beams, ceilings and foreheads, wood carving components and exposed rafters are all painted.

Other wooden frames, arches, trusses and eaves are decorated with earth-red oil.

1999 10, experts from China Institute of Cultural Relics scientifically strengthened the painting without oil decoration in Dacheng Hall.

The architectural structure of Dacheng Hall is special, and the beam frame inherits the old system, completely retaining the characteristics of ancient wooden structure in southern Fujian and integrating into the northern architectural style.

It has high historical, scientific and artistic value and is an important material for studying ancient buildings in the southeast coast of China.

In 2000, Dacheng Hall was renovated in strict accordance with the principle of ancient building renovation, and the method of replacing columns with beams was adopted. Using the method of filling and wrapping the core, the cavity of beams and columns or external decay eroded by ants can be repaired, so as to achieve the purpose of "repairing the old as the old" It is a healthy, clean and ancient building.

In May of 200 1 year, Dacheng Hall of Zhangzhou Confucian Temple was listed as the fifth batch of national key cultural relics protection units.

Zhangzhou Confucian Temple-Historical Records

Record: It was founded in the 4th year of Song Dynasty (1044).

According to the system of the Song Dynasty, the Confucius Temple and the official school (also known as Gong Xue) were built together, and this system continued until the Qing Dynasty.

In the second year of Song Zhenghe (1 1 12), the Confucian temple and official school moved to Zhouzuo.

Later, due to the sharp drop of China Imperial Examination in Zhangzhou over the years, in Shaoxing for nine years (1 139), Li Mi-xun returned to the former site at the request of students in.

At that time, there were gates, Yi Gate, Ji Gate, Dacheng Hall, Dongxi Hall, Panchi, Lecture Hall and Ten Zhai.

Eleven years (1 14 1).

The following year, Yan Shilu and other five people entered the Jinshi.

In feudal times, out of the need of loyalty to the monarch and respect for Confucius, and the need of selecting scholars in imperial examinations, officials paid full attention to Confucius Temple and Gong Xue.

For example, in the Song and Yuan Dynasties (1 190), Zhu knew about Zhangzhou. "On the second day of every ten days, I will be in charge of the next state school, waiting for the philosophers and talking about elementary school, just right." In Chinese studies, I founded Bin Xianzhai and invited county scholars Huang Qiaozhong, Shi Yuntao, Shi Hongqing, Lin, Chen Chun and Yang. He also created a vegetarian diet to educate martial arts students.

He played the role of begging for praise and was demoted to death for talking frankly about Qin Gui. Zhangpu Gordon established the Gong Xue Shrine in Rongzhou.

Imperial academy agreed to expand the scale of the hostel, but failed to leave the company.

Later, in the 16th year of Jiading in Song Dynasty (1223), in the 3rd year of Zheng Dynasty (Zuo Ri You) and Zuo Yi You (13 16), it was rebuilt again by Professor Zhang Hegao, the general manager, with Dacheng Hall, two temples, Jimen and Guo.

In the second year of Yuan Dynasty (1329), the Great Confucian Temple was rebuilt.

In the fifteenth year of Ming Chenghua (1479), Zhang Cheng was flooded and the Confucian Temple collapsed. 18 (1482), the magistrate Jiang Liang continued his life.

At the same time, Li Dongyang, a scholar in the same year (Master of Wenyuange in the eighth year of Hongzhi), was invited to write a list of scholars in Zhangzhou Prefecture.

In four years (1570), the hurricane damaged the roof tiles and the magistrate Luo rebuilt them.

Qing Qianlong eight years (1743), Wang tingqian, magistrate Zhang, Zhou Dai rebuilt.

Judging from the existing inscriptions, there are ten years of Ming Zhengtong (1445), three years of Ming Chenghua (1467), eight years of Ming Chongzhen (1635) and five years of Cao Quan and Qing Kangxi (1666).

Since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, there have been many buildings such as Minglun Hall, Dacheng Hall, Li Zaochi and Guanliang.

According to Fu Xuetu, the first volume of Zhangzhou Fuzhi, Guangxu of Qing Dynasty, the Confucian temple still followed the Song system of "left temple and right school".

On the left and right sides of the road in front of the Confucian Temple, there are two archways: Depei Tiandi and Daoguan Ancient and Modern. There is a stone tablet on the left side of the gate, which is engraved with the words "civil and military officials come here to dismount".

There are Xing Xing Gate, Ji Gate, East and West Hall and Dacheng Hall.

On the right side of the official school are the exegetical office, Qisheng Temple, Minglun Hall, Education Office, Mingguan Temple, Xiangxian Temple, Land Temple, Gong Min Temple, Chi Pan, Youshengmen and Xueguan. The plaque of "Seaside Zou Lu" in the official school gate should be Jingge.

During the Republic of China, the Confucian Temple was occupied as a military camp and also used as a police station.

After 1949, it was changed to a primary school building.

1988 was listed as the first batch of municipal cultural relics protection units in Zhangzhou city.

199 1, the city * * * carried out maintenance on Jimen and Guanliang.

1996 is listed as a provincial cultural relics protection unit.

199965438+February, according to the maintenance design plan approved by National Cultural Heritage Administration, the city * * * hired a senior engineer from China Institute of Cultural Relics as a guide to complete the maintenance of Dacheng Hall in one year.

Zhangzhou Confucian Temple-Architectural Art

Zhangzhou is a famous historical and cultural city along the southeast coast of China.

The accumulation of 1,400 years has cultivated the broad mind of this ancient city, and various cultures such as religion, architecture and art have developed profoundly in this land.

In the second year of the Tang Dynasty (AD 686), Chen Yuanguang opened Zhangzhou to build a government. Since then, traditional culture has flourished in Zhangzhou. Influenced by the spread of modern western learning to the east, western culture also left its mark in Zhangzhou.

In this treasure-house where Chinese and Western cultures complement each other, religious art has become a bright spot in folk culture.

There is a view in academic circles that Confucianism is not a religion in the western sense, but it is still a religion in the context of China and the cultural system of China.

Confucianism, as the orthodox thought of China culture for thousands of years, is naturally deeply rooted in Zhangzhou.

The most valuable building is the Zhangzhou Confucian Temple on Xiuwen West Road.

Zhangzhou Confucian Temple has a long history and great significance. It was built in the fourth year of Song Liqing (AD 1044). The great scholar Zhu once gave lectures here, and national heroes also sacrificed to Confucius here.

During the Jian Yan period of the Southern Song Dynasty (1 127 to 1 130), Sun Kongren, who was born in Confucius, led his family to flee to Zhangzhou. It is said that all the dynasties lived in Confucian temples until the Ming Dynasty.

Sitting in Zhangzhou Confucian Temple, which faces south, has typical Confucianism.

As early as primitive times, China's ancestors built houses facing south in order to get sunshine and avoid cold.

Later, Feng Shui and ethics also agreed that sitting north facing south was the orthodoxy of architecture.

From an artistic point of view, sitting facing south is easy to produce a sense of identity and worship, which deeply increases the majesty of religious buildings.

There is a wooden archway engraved with "Ancient and Modern Taoist Temple" and "Depei Tiandi" in front of the door, which solemnly guards the sacredness and solemnity of Zhangzhou Confucian Temple.

The simplicity of the wooden archway exudes the closeness of Confucianism; The magnificent archway is amazing.

Like the world-famous Confucius Temple in Nanjing and many other Confucian temples, Zhangzhou Confucian Temple also has a pair of archways with the same words, which shows its typicality and representativeness in architecture.

Dacheng Hall, the main building of the Confucian Temple, retains the characteristics of early Minnan architecture, but also incorporates the northern style, and the French style is very obvious.

The concept of inclusiveness makes the Confucian temple present artistic pluralism and blending.

There are a large number of Song and Ming relics in the temple, and the whole building has high historical and cultural value.

The famous red bricks and tiles in Minnan architecture also reveal the full local flavor of Confucius Temple.

The statue of Confucius standing in Dacheng Hall is full of Confucian care.

"Benevolence" is an important concept in Confucianism and a philosophical category, which means the harmonious relationship between people.

Most people who come to the Confucian Temple to worship Confucius also come with this kind of Confucian humanistic care.

The perfect combination of statues and buildings adds artistic charm to the Confucian Temple.

Religion permeates the architecture implicitly in an artistic way, making people unconsciously integrate into the corresponding religious system, which is the success of the architectural art of Zhangzhou Confucian Temple.

Zhangzhou Confucian temple-scenic spot

200 1 New Year's Day is open to tourists.

After 900 years of vicissitudes, the Confucian Temple in Zhangzhou has been abandoned and revived repeatedly, witnessing the long history of China traditional culture in Zhangzhou and becoming a representative building of Zhangzhou, a famous historical and cultural city in China.

Zhangzhou Confucian Temple-Significance

Zhangzhou Confucian Temple has a high value of ancient culture and historical relics, and it is an important empirical object in the history of Zhangzhou cultural development.

According to experts' evaluation, the internal structure and detailed decoration of Dacheng Hall are relics of the Song Dynasty, which are precious objects for studying the architecture of Confucian temples in the Song Dynasty, reflecting the high level of stone carving technology and architectural technology in southern Fujian at that time.

Zhangzhou Confucian Temple-Ticket Price

Free admission.