Qu Yuan's Inheritance and Development of The Book of Songs?

The Book of Songs was written in the Spring and Autumn Period, including 305 poems from the Yin Shang Dynasty to the mid-Spring and Autumn Period. These 305 articles are roughly divided into three parts: wind, elegance and praise. Among them, 160 is the wind that accounts for the vast majority, that is, the wind of fifteen countries, because most of these 160 are collected by poets from the people. Therefore, The Book of Songs can be roughly regarded as "civilian literature", that is, it is not a specific one. The songs in the south are different. The works included in Songs of the South are written by some famous full-time writers with surnames, such as Qu Yuan, Song Yu, Jing Ke and Le Tang. They are all great poets, famous in literature and history. Chu Ci was formed late, and Qu Yuan was regarded as a Sect, which should also be in the late Warring States period. Geographically speaking, The Book of Songs is a vast area dominated by the north, while the songs of Chu are confined to the southern Chu area. Its emergence and development can not be separated from Chu's language, customs and other regional characteristics. Like Cantonese music now, it is purely regional culture.

In addition, in terms of content, the Book of Songs covers a wide range, with love poems that men and women complain about, such as Nanfeng? Guan Yu is the representative; There are also poems describing the hard work of slaves, such as Feng Wei? Cut sandalwood and Feng Wei? A companion to Storytelling; There are also poems with bitter feminine thoughts, such as the famous poem Feng Wang? In service "; There are also poems that express the patriotic consciousness of literati, such as Feng Wang? Xiaomi is gone ","Xiaoya? Festival Nanshan "and" Xiaoya? Rain without correction and so on, almost all aspects are involved. Generally speaking, The Book of Songs reflects the real life and feelings of all social strata, especially ordinary people (including slaves and servants). What is different from it is the Songs of the South, written by literati, which mostly expresses the feelings of literati about reality, such as Qu Yuan's Li Sao, as Sima Qian said, "Those who leave Sao are still worried", that is, the expression of Qu Yuan's depressed mood after being expelled; Another example is Tian Wen, which simply means that the author is "worried, traveling, sighing, ..." (Wang Wen). It should be noted that, even so, the sense of hardship and patriotic feelings in Chu Ci are in the same strain as the Book of Songs, which runs through the history of China literature like a red line.

As mentioned above, The Book of Songs can be regarded as "civilian literature", so its characteristics lie in its simplicity, naturalness and realism. Rising to a height is the so-called poetic realism tradition. Chuci is a work of literati, which naturally involves literary talent. Chu Ci, whether Qu Yuan's Li Sao or Song Yu's Nine Arguments, is full of artistic conception, literary talent, rich imagination and galloping freely. Another major feature is to speak first and make good use of metaphors. For example, at the beginning of Lisao, a whole paragraph is used to talk about the author's noble life experience: "Emperor Levin is a Miao, and I am Bo Yong. I went to Meng Xi with my virginity, but Geng Yin and I surrendered. Huang Lanxian visited to Jia Ming; The name Yu is formal, but the word Yu is both. Fenwu has both inner beauty and self-cultivation. Hu Qiang and finish, threading thought pei ... "What is this atmosphere! In the article, the author's thoughts galloped: "Breaking Joan's shame is wonderful and graceful." I drive a flying dragon, and my dear Yao Xiang thinks it's a car. "Let the dragonfly drive, use ivory jade as a car. How open and bold the imagination is! Liu Xizai in "Art? Fu Shuo: "East sentence, west sentence, sky sentence, underground sentence. It is very appropriate to summarize the artistic characteristics of Chu Ci. Comparatively speaking, The Book of Songs is true and meaningful in annotation, description and lyricism. Chuci seems to be empty talk, but in fact it is intangible and tangible, with far-reaching influence. The Book of Songs? Feng Wei? Shuo Ren wrote a passage about beauty: "The hand is soft and the skin is solidified. The collar is like a cockroach, the teeth are like rhinoceros, and the head is a moth eyebrow. Smile and expect. "It's beautiful, and the realistic technique is also used incisively and vividly. Through the description of opponents, skin, neck, teeth, eyebrows, eyes and other specific objects, the beauty of Mrs. Wei Zhuanggong's Zhuang Jiang is outlined. Let's look at the description of Mrs. Xiang in the Songs of the South: "Being inferior to, my eyes are pitiful. Autumn wind blows, Dongting waves under the leaves "(Qu Yuan's Nine Songs? Mrs. Xiang) completely highlights a "virtual", which can be described as romantic without words. This is just an example, but the differences in artistic styles between The Book of Songs and Songs of the South can be seen.

In addition, in the way of expression, Chu Ci inherited the Fu Bi Xing of The Book of Songs, but on this basis, it has made great development and brought its application to the extreme. Poets often attach their feelings to things, endow them with feelings, integrate subjective feelings with objective things, and create many symbolic artistic images. In Lisao, Qu Yuan's works are good birds and strange grass, bad birds and smelly things, spiritual beauty, Fu Fei's lost daughter, husband and wife, floating clouds and neon lights, high crown and strange clothes, jade, Luan, Qiong Pei, or loyalty, comparable to a monarch, or comparable to a virtuous minister. This breaks through the limitations of metaphor in The Book of Songs, which is characterized by lyricism by borrowing things. This is a breakthrough, an innovation and a new attempt. In the history of China's traditional poetry, it is of epoch-making significance.

To sum up, there are great differences in artistic techniques between The Book of Songs and Songs of the South, but these differences are not mutually free. Songs of the South is a pioneering poetic revolution in The Book of Songs, which is the only source of China's traditional poetry.