What is the significance of small and medium-sized enterprises to specialize in new specialties?

Small and medium-sized enterprises are generally small, weak, risk-resistant ability is not strong and other shortcomings of their own, take the "specialization, specialization and new" development path, is the overall quality of small and medium-sized enterprises to improve the need to achieve the upgrading of China's industrial organizational structure, is to enhance the traditional industries, the need to cultivate new industries, is the development of new business, innovation and new models It is also the need to develop new business forms and innovate new modes. Adhering to the development path of "specialization, specialization and innovation" is a realistic way for small and medium-sized enterprises to realize the development of specialization, management refinement, technological specialization and lasting innovation. \x0d\ I, small and medium-sized enterprises to take "specialization, specialization and innovation" development road of practical significance \x0d\ Small and medium-sized enterprises to take "specialization, specialization and innovation" development road of practical significance is reflected in four aspects: First, small and medium-sized enterprises to improve the overall quality of the need. The development of small and medium-sized enterprises can promote the application of new technologies to vigorously develop the specialized production of small and medium-sized enterprises, the initiative to integrate into the technology of large enterprises, products and collaborative supporting system, and large enterprises to form a reasonable division of labor in the market, enhance the ability of small and medium-sized enterprises to withstand risks and adapt to the economic form of the ability to accelerate business innovation and cooperation mode of innovation, to better expand their own space for development, to fill the gaps in the market. Secondly, to realize the optimization and upgrading of the industrial organization structure. Secondly, it is the need to realize the optimization and upgrading of industrial organization structure. China's industrial organizational structure is still irrational, mainly manifested in some economic scale requirements of the industrial sector, industrial concentration is still relatively low. At the same time, the development vitality of small and medium-sized enterprises needs to be further enhanced. Promoting the formation of a number of large groups with international competitiveness and supporting the development of a large number of small and medium-sized enterprises with the characteristics of "specialization, specialization and innovation" in the industry of economies of scale will be conducive to the early formation of the coordinated development of large and medium-sized enterprises in China, and the more efficient allocation of resources in the industrial organizational structure. Thirdly, it is the need to upgrade traditional industries and cultivate new industries. The development of "specialized, special and new" small and medium-sized enterprises can strengthen the structural transformation of enterprises, apply advanced technology, new technology, new materials and new equipment to transform and upgrade traditional industries, cultivate strategic industries, accelerate the upgrading of technology and products, increase the proportion of advanced and the ability to create brand names, save energy and reduce emissions, and support the development of high growth and small and medium-sized enterprises to become bigger and stronger. small and medium-sized enterprises to grow bigger and stronger. Fourth, the development of new business, the need for innovative models. In the information consulting, modern logistics emerging industries, small and medium-sized enterprises are very active in innovation, a large number of new technologies and new products, new services, new business models are originated from small and medium-sized enterprises. \x0d\ Second, small and medium-sized enterprises to take the "specialization, specialization and new" development path of policy guidance \x0d\ Our government to promote the development of small and medium-sized enterprises as a stable and rapid development of the national economy, the maintenance of people's livelihood and social stability of the major strategic tasks to be focused on supporting, through a number of measures to actively encourage and support small and medium-sized enterprises to take the "specialization, specialization and new" development path. "The Law on Promotion of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises, which came into force in 2003, stipulates that the State shall formulate policies to encourage small and medium-sized enterprises to develop new products in accordance with market needs, adopt advanced technologies, production processes and equipment, improve product quality and realize technological progress. The State Council's Opinions on Further Promoting the Development of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (Opinions on the Further Promotion of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises), which was promulgated by the State Council under Document No. 36 of the State Council in 2009, supports small and medium-sized enterprises to increase investment in R&D, to develop advanced and applicable technologies, techniques and equipments, to develop new and marketable products, and to improve product quality. State Development [2012] No. 14 document "the State Council on further supporting the healthy development of small and micro-enterprises," the first expression of the "specialization, speciality and new" referred to in the document, the document puts forward, to support the development of innovative, entrepreneurial and labor-intensive small and micro-enterprises, and to encourage small and micro-enterprises to go "specialization, speciality and new" and to encourage small and micro-enterprises to go "specialization, speciality and new". The document proposes to support the development of innovative, entrepreneurial and labor-intensive small micro-enterprises, encourage small micro-enterprises to take the path of "specialization, specialization and newness" and the development of collaboration and support with large enterprises, and accelerate the transformation from factor-driven to innovation-driven. \x0d\ In 2011, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT) issued two plans, the 12th Five-Year Plan for the Growth of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs) and the Industrial Transformation and Upgrading Plan 2011-2015. China's first special plan for small and medium-sized enterprises at the national level - the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan for the Growth of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises" puts the development of small and medium-sized enterprises specializing in specialties and innovations as one of the basic principles for promoting the growth of small and medium-sized enterprises during the "Twelfth Five-Year" period. The plan takes the direction of "specialization, specialization and innovation" as an important way for SMEs to transform and upgrade and change their mode of development, and further improves the level of "specialization, specialization and innovation" and industrial cluster development as one of the basic principles for promoting the growth of SMEs during the "12th Five-Year Plan" period. "During the period of the 12th Five-Year Plan, one of the main tasks of promoting the growth of SMEs is to support the development of SMEs in specialization, refinement, special features and novelty clustering as the focus of promoting the growth of SMEs, to establish close division of labor and collaboration among enterprises, and to strive to form a new pattern for the development of SMEs that "specialize, specialize, and innovate" in a competitive manner. The Plan for Industrial Transformation and Upgrading (2011-2015) has also been adopted. The Plan for Industrial Transformation and Upgrading (2011-2015) puts forward the goal and task of further enhancing the development vitality of SMEs, and promotes SMEs to take the road of "specialization, specialization, and newness" through the continued implementation of the SME growth project, and considers that, from the viewpoint of the industrial field, it is important to adhere to the road of "specialization, specialization, and newness". "Specialization, specialization and innovation" is also an important task for industrial small and medium-sized enterprises to realize transformation and upgrading, and healthy development without delay. \x0d\ Third, to promote small and medium-sized enterprises to take the road of "specialization, specialization and innovation" practice \x0d\ For "specialization, specialization and innovation" small and medium-sized enterprises do not have a unified standard, many places from the actual work of the "specialization, specialization and innovation" small and medium-sized enterprise standards. There is no uniform standard for "specialized, special and new" SMEs, and many places have formulated and recognized the standards for "specialized, special and new" SMEs from a practical point of view, while some places have recognized "specialized, special and new" products, and then supported the manufacturing enterprises of the corresponding products. Twelve departments in Shanghai have issued the Opinions on Accelerating the Innovation-driven, Transformational Development of "Specialized, Specialized and New" SMEs, which formulate pilot standards for "specialized, specialized and new" SMEs, including general and special standards, and provide for the following The growth rate of business revenue of "specialized, special and new" SMEs in the current year shall not be less than 25%, or the average growth rate of business revenue in the last two years shall not be less than 15%. Liaoning Province and Jiangsu Province have respectively formulated methods for recognizing "specialized, special and new" products (technologies) of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). \x0d\ In accordance with the relevant national policy guidance and the actual needs of SMEs, localities have made the promotion of SMEs to "specialization, specialization, and newness" a key focus of their work, and have endeavored to promote the transformation and upgrading of SMEs through the recognition and support of such measures. Shanghai has stipulated that SMEs that meet the general standards and a special standard should be included in the list of "specialized, special and new" SMEs, which will be dynamically managed and reviewed annually. At present, there are 1,008 "specialized, special and new" SMEs in Shanghai, mainly in the manufacturing, computer services and software industries, 67 per cent of which have reached the top 10 market share in the country or the top five market share in Shanghai. These enterprises enjoy relevant policy support. According to statistics, in 2012, Shanghai's special funds to support SMEs reached 270 million yuan, subsidizing 360 technological transformation and innovation projects. Haidian District, Beijing, proposed to encourage various types of subjects around the key areas of industrial development in Haidian District to build "specialized, special and new" industrial parks, support "specialized, special and new" industrial parks to enhance the function of the service, the introduction of key projects and enterprises, the annual increase in the input to give loans and subsidies and incentives to the operating unit. In terms of supporting "Specialized, Specialized and New" industrial parks to enhance their service functions and introduce key projects and enterprises, the parks will provide loans for annual new inputs and incentives for operating units, and subsidize the rent of key innovative enterprises, key cultivation enterprises of "Ten Hundred Thousand Projects" and enterprises of "Thousand Talents Plan". Liaoning Province and Jiangsu Province organize the identification of "specialized, special and new" products and technologies, and include them in the key financial support objects, through the identification, publicity and support, to improve the visibility and market influence of the identified products, and to play a typical exemplary role of the identified product manufacturers, to encourage and guide the small and medium-sized enterprises in the province to innovate independently and develop their own products. "Specialized, special and new" products, the application of "specialized, special and new" technology, improve product grade, market competitiveness and the overall quality of enterprises. Anhui Province in 2013, 1251 small and medium-sized enterprise development projects, with a total investment of 24.7 billion yuan, will strengthen the 500 "specialized, special and new" enterprises and 1,000 growth of the cultivation of small enterprises. Qingdao City has introduced measures for the identification of "specialized, special and new" products (technologies) for SMEs, established a financial leasing business incentive compensation mechanism on the basis of free credit ratings for small and micro enterprises, and encouraged small and micro enterprises to issue pooled notes bundled with large and medium-sized enterprises, among other seven measures, so that "specialized, special and new" enterprises can be provided with financing needs. The "specialized, special and new" enterprises will be given priority support in financing needs.　Fourth, small and medium-sized enterprises to take the "specialization, speciality and new" road more difficult \x0d\ Currently China's small and medium-sized enterprises rely on low labor costs and external demand driven by the basic characteristics have not changed, small and medium-sized enterprises in general lack of management, branding, technology, capital, and other core competitive elements of the problem is still significant, in particular raw materials, labor prices, the RMB, and other factors beyond the control of the enterprise. In particular, raw materials, labor prices, RMB exchange rate changes and other factors beyond the control of enterprises on the long-term production and operation of enterprises have a greater impact on the development of challenges. In terms of manufacturing development, China's position as the world's manufacturing base is being pursued and blocked by both developed and developing countries, with developed countries constantly launching measures to upgrade their manufacturing industries, led by a new generation of technological revolution. In terms of manufacturing cost advantage, developing countries have shown their manufacturing cost advantage by optimizing investment environment and improving manufacturing level. Under these conditions, China's traditional small and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises in the Yangtze River Delta, the Pearl River Delta and other processing trade enterprises have been a huge challenge, the traditional foreign trade processing, cluster development, the practice of expanding business opportunities has been gradually difficult to achieve results. These circumstances indicate that the current small and medium-sized enterprises to take the "specialization, specialization and innovation" road is gradually increasing the difficulty. \x0d\ Small and medium-sized enterprises to take the initiative to choose "specialization, speciality and new" development path to increase the limitations. The four areas of "specialization, refinement, speciality, new" are both *** and different. The *** nature is that these areas are mostly small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), most of the SMEs in these areas are facing the same external environment and development conditions, and there is often overlap between these four areas for an enterprise or a product (technology). The difference lies in the fact that "specialization, refinement, specialization and newness" are not exactly the same in terms of the four development directions. The so-called "specialization", the development direction is to achieve specialized production or provide specialized services, very strong dependence on specific users, specific products and technology areas. For example, some small enterprises focusing on niche areas of the supply chain bottom, or specializing in a certain type of products or a few enterprises to provide specialized materials or supporting parts, consumable parts of the enterprise. The so-called "fine", the direction of its development is to elaborate design, elaborate manufacturing, elaborate service, to create fine products, for small and medium-sized enterprises, these need to be invested, whether it is the research and development of technology, purchase of technology, investment in new equipment or the introduction of new talent needs to be invested in, otherwise there is no value-added high technological competitive advantage, we can only take the low-cost strategy, the continuation of the old low-end. Otherwise, without the competitive advantage of high value-added technology, we can only take the low-cost strategy, and continue the old low-end road. The so-called "special", the main direction of specialization, this concept is more general, because whether it is a unique process, technology, formulations, or cultural and historical characteristics, geographic environment, people and ethnic characteristics, these are more need to try and opportunities. The concept of "new" is more general, basically is the scope of emerging technologies and new industries, these areas are usually closely linked with high-tech, the need to continue to innovate, in order to maintain the "new" characteristics. \x0d\ V. Suggestions for small and medium-sized enterprises to take the road of "specialization, specialization and innovation" \x0d\ Currently, China's economic growth is slowing down, the relative overcapacity has intensified, and small and medium-sized enterprises are more prominent in the problem of rising production and operating costs and lack of innovation capacity. Small and medium-sized enterprises must firmly establish the concept of taking the road of specialization, specialization and new development, adhere to the specialization, refinement, specialization and novelty development direction. It is suggested that SMEs should take the initiative to take the road of specialization, specialization and new development, and build up competitive advantages on the basis of maintaining innovation ability. At the same time, to avoid going it alone, actively join regional clusters, industry clusters, to realize the scale of collaboration and cooperation or supply chain collaboration and cooperation, to enhance the ability to resist risks. \x0d\ In terms of building competitive advantage on the basis of maintaining innovation capability, it is recommended that small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) set up an innovative concept and take the initiative to achieve "specialization, refinement, specialization, and new" development. "Specialization" is to focus on the industry or product, to avoid the diversification and dispersion of resources, and to consolidate the leading edge of professional technology in specific fields, specific customer groups, product technology, and regional markets. "Refinement" is to continuously realize technology and product upgrading, service and promote downstream product and technology upgrading, from manufacturing to service upgrading, from energy-consuming and polluting to energy-saving and environmental protection upgrading, from low-end processing to high-end research and development upgrading. "Special" is to maintain the unique technology, copyright, patent and product performance, function, packaging, style, service and other aspects of uniqueness, constantly enrich and improve the brand connotation, and continue to increase the goodwill of the brand and corporate image, to win the long-term recognition of customers. "New" is to pay active attention to the development trend of professional technology, and strive to achieve R & D generation, manufacturing generation, sales generation, the timely introduction of new products and new technologies, the timely adoption of new management, design, manufacturing, sales and service model, to maintain their own advanced in the field of professional and technical, and to maintain the enterprise in the management concepts and management mode of the advanced, to establish long-term competitiveness. advanced, to establish long-term competitiveness. \x0d\ In terms of joining regional clusters and industry clusters to achieve scale collaboration and cooperation or supply chain collaboration and cooperation, it is recommended that SMEs actively and proactively participate in regional clusters and industry clusters, and actively enter into the supporting system of large enterprises to enhance their risk-resistant capabilities. First, we should hold groups in areas and regions suitable for development. At present, many regions are actively guiding small and medium-sized enterprises with regional development advantages to embrace the development of the group, the group into the park, thus promoting the integration of small and medium-sized enterprises in the region to enhance the realization of industrial resource aggregation, and to enhance the level of technology and product service capabilities. Secondly, it is necessary to support with large enterprises with certain competitiveness. Manufacturing small and medium-sized enterprises are generally still primary products and low value-added products, in supporting cooperation with large enterprises in the original profit margins are not large, especially when the production and operation of large enterprises with large fluctuations in production and management, the normal production and operation of small enterprises will have a greater impact. Support for small and medium-sized enterprises is the need to grow leading enterprises with international competitiveness, large enterprises in accordance with the laws of the market to drive and revitalize many small and medium-sized enterprise resources, the formation of backbone enterprises as the core of the industrial chain to further extend the clusters of the array, in order to form a sufficient ability to withstand the decline in foreign trade, economic downside risks, and to maintain the long-term competitiveness of the regional characteristics of the industry.