What is the architecture of the Wuxi Yichangyuan Garden?

1506, Song Dynasty poet Qin Guan's descendants of the Ming Dynasty military minister Qin Jin came to Wuxi, purchased Huishan Temple monastery "compost house", and in the original monastery on the site of the expansion, base mountain chiseled pool, move planting flowers and trees, camping villas, set up for the garden, the name of the "Fenggu Xingwu "

Fenggu Xingwu.

Fenggu Xingwu in the surviving garden for the first building from the Huishan Temple Riyue Pond into the garden. On the right wall of the foyer of Bonggokhangwol is the later Ming Dynasty stone carving, "The Record of Send Changwon".

Through the foyer, two stones in the patio, the right is later inscribed by Kangxi "mountain color and stream light", summarizing the scenery of the garden. On the left side is the inscription of Qianlong, "Yujiajin A", which praises the wonderful sound of the spring in the Banyin Cave in the garden.

The first owner, Qin Jin, called "Fengshan", Huishan is commonly known as Longshan, opposite to "Fengshan", and the name of the garden is "Fenggu", which also points out that this place is a "Phoenix Hidden Dragon Mountain". Fengshui treasure land of "Feng Zang Longshan". On the pillar in front of the hall of Feng Gu Xing Nest, there hangs a couplet in seal script by Weng Tong Kotewall, a writer of the Qing Dynasty:

Miscellaneous trees are in the shade, and the clouds are light and the smoke is light;

Feng Ze is clean and smooth, and the air is refreshing and the festival is harmonious.

The east gate of the corridor is called the "invading cloud" gate, which is an alias of the Xifeng Pagoda, and you can see the shadow of the Pagoda from here. The west gate is the "Moon Hindering" gate, where you can see the peak of Nine Dragons Mountain, which is called "Moon Hindering" because the peak is high enough to block the moonlight.

From the "Moon Hindering" gate, there is a small Soviet-style courtyard with a small pond in the center, surrounded by Taihu Lake stones. The red-columned corridor connects the whole courtyard, and there is a mooncave door at each end of the corridor, which is called "Ngingcui" and "Hanyuxiu" respectively. On the wall of the corridor, there is a part of the stone carving of "Send Chang Yuan Fa Tiao".

There are many ancient trees in the garden, leaning on the back of a mound. Mound is 1445, then serving as Minister of the Ministry of Public Works Zhou Chen in the inspection of Jiangsu, found that Huishan Temple according to the "four days of the spirit" of the conventional layout, is still missing the green dragon, because of the order of the people to gather the soil pile building.

This mound just increases the undulation on the ground line. The pool is at the foot of the mountain, the confluence of the mountain springs, rippling a reference, increasing the vivid interest, the ancient trees make the garden appear to be a thick shade of wide cover, pale and lush secluded perch.

The pool is located on the east side of the garden called "Jinhui Ripple", this rippling water brings together the whole garden beautiful scenery, the whole garden landscape is centered around this first-class pool and unfolding.

Jinhui Ripple north-south long, narrow east-west, an area of only 1600 square meters, but it seems open and clear. The east side is the waterfront pavilion gallery, the west side of the high terrain to create a rockery, the water surface is built with stone bridges, so that the water surface becomes an irregular huge mirror, the surrounding mountain shadow, tower shadow, gallery shadow, pavilion shadow, tree shadow, flower shadow and human shadow in the pool. When the garden was completed, Qin Jin wrote a poem:

The famous mountain cast the old man to live in, and the divination building has a line of nests.

The curving streams are coiled around the rocks, and the long pines nurture the blue roses.

The peaks are high enough for birds to cross, but the paths are remote enough for few people to pass.

It's a dream, a dream of the spring, a dream of the jade.

In the Jinhui ripples there is a stone bridge called the Seven Star Bridge, with seven stone slabs straight paved, so the name "Seven Star Bridge". On the east side of the bridge is the "Hanbi Pavilion" with its flying eaves and warped corners.

After the death of Qin Jin, the garden was inherited by his nephew, Qin Han, and his son, Qin Liang, the minister of Jiangxi Province. Qin Liang and his father, Qin Han, used to take a boat or a sedan chair to plant flowers and bamboos at Fenggu Xingwo, or to drink wine and write poems with friends.

In 1560, the father and son made another renovation of the garden, chiseled the pool and built a mountain, and took great pains to make the garden name "Fenggu Mountain Villa".

After the death of Qin Liang, the garden belonged to his nephew, the right deputy royal inspector of the Imperial House of Representatives, the governor of Hunan and Guangdong Province, Qin Yao all. Qin Yao is a member of the Donglin Party, in 1591, Qin Yao because of his teacher Zhang Juzheng is being pursued and dismissed to return home, back to Wuxi, Qin Yao because of the political disappointment, depressed, so the depression in the mountains and water, and focus on transforming the "Fenggu Xingwu".

Qin Yao spent a lot of manpower and financial resources, after 10 years of hard work in the garden built Wolun Hall, Jinhui ripples, the neighboring Van Pavilion, with the Zhenzheng Zhai, know the fish thresholds, the eight sound streams, Plum Pavilion and Cuicui building and other buildings, restoration of the structure of the list of 20 scenes, Qin Yao and the scene by scene poems. And take the great calligrapher Wang Xizhi's "send smooth landscape yin" poem, for the home named "send smooth garden".

The main building of the garden, Wolyuntang, is located in the west and faces the east, with two entrances in front and back, separated by a patio. In the later Qing Dynasty, it was expanded to the east, and named the hall after the Kangxi Imperial Script "Mountain Color and Stream Light", so it was also known as the Imperial Script Tablet Hall. History shows that the hall was the place where Kang Xi and Qianlong received the driver when they toured the garden.

Crouching Cloud Hall is a three-pillar, five-frame, positively affixed round hall with the architectural style of Jiangnan in the Ming Dynasty, with two boundaries of the front scrolling shed, the "Yizhixiang" Boatshed Xuan, and a boundary of the back with a gallery. A row of floor-to-ceiling long windows facing east, long windows in the main room of the back wall, and half-windows in the secondary rooms on both sides.

Indoor paved square tiles, and partially retained the original Ming Dynasty strip pavement to store historical information. The hall plaque hanging in the center of the front scroll shed was written by the fourth brother of the later Qing Emperor Xuantong. Crouching Cloud Hall in front of the platform, surrounded by a stone railing made up of lotus pillars, Ruyi pattern railings, the Department of the old things, pick up the stairs down, for the stone pathway.

From the tunnel across the stone bridge, before the Beauty Stone. Beauty Stone is a 3-meter-high lake stone, it is leaning against the wall, like a fair lady, in front of the square pool with water as a mirror, combing hair makeup. So people call her "Beauty Stone".

There is a rectangular pond in front of the stone, which is called "Mirror Pond". People appreciate the "Beauty Stone" must stand in the southwest corner of the square pool, the young girl Chu Chu moving demeanor can be perfectly displayed in front.

From the east bank of the Jinhui ripples along the promenade to the north, the first to see is a hexagonal pavilion, the pavilion name "Yu Pan", from the Tang Dynasty poet Wang Wei "auxiliary Chuan garden record" in the "Yu Yu Pan Pan, clouds and water flying" sentence. The green stone platform and stone drum stools in the pavilion are old Qin family belongings left over from the Ming Dynasty.

The corridor to the north from the Yu Pan Pavilion is called "Yu Pan Corridor", which was built when Qin Yao remodeled the garden. The old corridor before and after the shade of ancient trees, lush green, the wall leakage window outside the bamboo and stone flowers and trees hidden. Look carefully and you will find that the columns of the corridor here are particularly high, the corridor is also particularly spacious. Therefore, when you look around, you can see the tall trees across the Jinhui Ripple, as well as the majestic Mount Huishan.

In the east of the center of the Jinhui Ripple, along the corridor to the north, there is a side of the pavilion into the water, this pavilion is called "know fish threshold". It is surrounded by water on three sides, was built when Qin Yao remodeled the Garden, after the completion of the Qin Yao often by the threshold here to watch the fish, happy and contented.

Huan Cui building is located in the north of the pool, the left pavilion corridor, the right side of the hill, the arrangement is appropriate. More wonderful is to climb this building looking south, you can see the distant Xishan Mountain and the mountain Longguang Tower, the scenery is picturesque,

In the Jinhui ripples in the east for the Banyin Stream, also known as the three folded spring, hanging murmuring stream. This stream is named according to the famous line of Zuo Si, a writer in Jin Dynasty, "Why silk and bamboo, there is a clear sound in the landscape".

The Banyin Cave is made of yellow stone, which is like walking in a valley. The ancient trees in the rockery by the Banyin Stream are all ancient camphor trees that are two or three hundred years old, and their branches and leaves are so thick that the thickest one is 4 meters.

Bayin Stream west high and east low, the stream in the stone road circuitous, on the lush forests, under the flow of clear springs. Trickling water, the trickle of water, then tricky to attract the two springs ambling into the garden.

The eight sound stream total length of 36 meters, 1.9 meters deep to 2.6 meters wide from 0.6 meters to 4.5 meters for a substantial put the eight sound stream, in addition to the mountain valleys trespassing yin and yang open and close, the most varied of the wonderful outside, but also will lead to the spring, listen to the spring, pick up the stone, hide the scene of the many gardening techniques without a trace of fusion together, seemingly unhurried and unrestrained, free to play.

The two springs of the ambient flow, from the root of the west wall of the garden into the end of the stream, it will become the upper and lower three stacks, so the silent springs began to become the sound of the stream, to create a "non-essential silk and bamboo, the landscape has a clear sound" of the realm.

The name of the Eight Sound Stream was later written by Xu Guofeng, a scholar at the end of the Qing Dynasty, who said that it was like a musical instrument made of eight materials, such as gold, stone, silk, bamboo, lagenaria, earth, leather and wood, which played the natural music of "high mountains and flowing water".

The eight sound Jian pick up stone art, can be called China's classical gardens in the top of the yellow stone rockery. The stacking technique, according to the yellowstone cliffs of the horizontal folds and vertical joints of the natural rock phase, take its texture robust, volume thick, clear contours, the line of the answer volume Thuji's characteristics.

Simulation of China's landscape painting "big axe chapping" brushwork, the choice of large yellow stone, the wall of the mountain stream is hard to make a clear stone veins, slope foot stop even, in and out of the free, zigzagging, overhanging horizontal lying, the difference between the high and low, the main from the mutual dependence, the natural picture of fondness.

This division of nature, the painting of the superb means, so that here has a cascade of mountains, jagged valleys, deep rocky ravines, shallow streams, can be said to be outside of the thick Cangjian force of the situation, within the deep and mysterious Ao, people walking in the middle of it, as much as possible, get the charm of the landscape of the south of the river interest.

It is this kind of landscape, and standardize people's sight and perception of the scenery, to walk to a slightly open place, will be through the tree-top gap between the dappled light, reminiscent of "the bright moon shining between the pines, clear springs flowing from the stone" poetry.

Hebutan is the main hill in the garden, surrounded by local rocks and tamped with soil. The gardeners treated the rockery here as the remaining veins of Huishan Mountain, making them connected, with a curved valley at the foot of the rockery, and the cave water flowing down, the water and rocks harmonize with each other, which is interesting, and looks like a flock of cranes roosting and strolling, so it is named "Crane Beach".

The south side of the Banyin Stream is the Hazhen Zhai. Contain Ching Zhai sitting west to east of the three doors of the old house, this is the original owner of the garden Qin Yao reading place, the official disillusionment of the owner of the garden like to recite "Panhuan Fu ancient pines, thousands of years of Huai Yuanming; years of cold and high integrity, I contain my chastity," the poem, so the name of the lent was called "Containing Ching Zhai".