High reward points from the Xia Dynasty to the modern emperor's mausoleum is where each

Genghis Khan's mausoleum is located in Inner Mongolia within the YijinhuoLuo Banner Atencilian town southeast of the Ovoo. Looking around from here, blue grass, flowers, full of poetry, is a magnificent scenery unique to the grasslands. Mausoleum is a yurt-style hall, graceful and generous, towering, spectacular.

Genghis Khan Mausoleum, known as the "eight white room". Eight white room as the name suggests is composed of eight white buildings, the building is majestic, with a strong Mongolian national style. There are main buildings such as the main hall, the east hall, the west hall, the back hall, etc., and the halls are connected by hall corridors. The main hall is the center of holding ritual activities, the most spectacular. In front of the hall there are two through the clouds flagpole, flagpole in the middle of a tower-shaped incense burner, decorated with copper bells, light wind blowing through the bells, ringing crisp and pleasant, the aftermath of the sound curls, drifting in all directions. The hall is situated on the granite stone base with gorgeous flower spots, surrounded by jade railings with fine carvings. The top of the yurt-style dome, with blue and yellow colored glazed tiles out of the thick elegant cloud hook wave pattern, octagonal eaves hanging under the "Genghis Khan Mausoleum" five Mongolian and Chinese characters in gold vertical plaque. Inside the hall, Genghis Khan giant portrait hanging in the center. His silver beard floating chest, burning eyes, fully showing the year's heroic posture. Portrait erected on both sides of the silver spear with red tassels, in front of the rosewood-colored table, on which is rumored to have been used by Genghis Khan saber. The four walls of the hall is decorated with landscapes and grasses, mesmerizing, the ground is covered with purple-red carpet, so that the atmosphere in the hall is particularly solemn and dignified.

Genghis Khan died in the battle of Western Xia Lingzhou army, but why the casket in the Ordos grasslands? There is a magical legend: more than seven hundred years ago, Genghis Khan rate of the Mongol Army's western expedition, passing through the Ordos Grassland, see here, blue grass, endless, white flocks of sheep like clouds in the sky, floating in the depths of the grassland, from time to time, the birds chirping deer run. Genghis Khan sat on horseback, was intoxicated by this beautiful scenery, can not help but praise said: here is the decline of the dynasty of summer party, peace and prosperity of the state of the place to live for a long time, the plum blossom of the young deer grows, white-haired old man resting home. I see this place is very beautiful, after death, let me be buried here! After saying this, he threw the horsewhip in his hand to the grass. After the death of Genghis Khan, the coffin was transported to Ijinholo Banner, which was praised by Genghis Khan in the legend, and was buried solemnly. The royal princes received the obituary, immediately from across the Eurasian continent of the occupation of each speed to the funeral. At the time of the burial, a huge tent was set up at the burial site. Inside the tent put a wooden seat, Genghis Khan's body on the wooden seat, the wooden seat in front of a table, placed on all kinds of offerings. Sacrifices rich and chic, there are fat whole sheep, sweet milk, but also the female horse and peon horse each one bolted to the tent. This kind of ceremony is the custom of Mongolians.

The Mongolian people, in honor of the Great Khan, who made outstanding contributions to the history of Mongolian unification, hold several grand ceremonies every year. One of the grandest is held on March 17 of the lunar calendar every year, "Sulu Ingot" activities. "Sulu ingot" in Mongolian for "spear", symbolizing Genghis Khan's outstanding military skills and martial arts. According to legend, once Genghis Khan was defeated in a battle on the Tula River, when he knelt down and bowed to the gods for help. This is a black and big Sulu ingot flying in the sky. He was so happy that he wanted to reach out and take it, but Sulu ingot stopped in mid-air, he quickly wished to the gods, to be a thousand sheep sacrifices, Sulu ingot fell down. After that, the Mongolian people have kept the custom of sacrificing "Sulu Ingot". March 17 every year, the Mongolian people from all directions gathered, sacrifices in the melodious Mongolian classical music in the beginning of the first to Genghis Khan Mausoleum three rounds of toasts, recited in praise of Genghis Khan's "campaign song", "Sulu ingot song", and then by the officiating priests led everyone into the main hall, kneeling on the carpet to Genghis Khan statue held worship ceremony.

Ming Zhongdu Imperial Mausoleum

The Zhongdu Imperial Mausoleum, the mausoleum of Zhu Yuanzhang's parents, is southwest of Ming Zhongdu City in Fengyang County, Anhui Province. Mausoleum mound tall and majestic, climbed to the top of the mausoleum look around, south of the hills stretching for hundreds of miles, north of the Huaihe River flowing east to go, east and west of the two corners of the terrain gradually within the bottom. Royal mausoleum head pillow mountain peaks, foot mounted Huai Shui, as if lying on his back in a huge chaise longue.

Zhu Yuanzhang's parents are Anhui Fengyang people, family poverty, no land, and then the region plague epidemic, less than 20 days, Zhu Yuanzhang's parents died one after another. Because of the poverty of the family did not have the money to sell coffins, so Zhu Yuanzhang and his elder brother carried their parents' bodies to be buried in the mountains. Legend has it that the two were almost to the foothills of the mountain, suddenly lightning and thunder, pouring rain, had to put down the body of the village temple to avoid the rain, the next day at dawn, Zhu Yuanzhang and his brother to see, see his parents' corpse above the mound of earth is already high. Zhu Yuanzhang called the emperor of the second year, in his parents' graves on the construction of the mausoleum, lasted ten years. Imperial mausoleum mausoleum scale is magnificent, there are a large number of superb monument stone carvings, its momentum is no less than the Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum and the thirteen tombs. Unfortunately, most of the buildings in the mausoleum have been destroyed at the end of the Ming Dynasty, in the foot of the peasant insurgents have been swept away.

The imperial mausoleum mausoleum in front of the Shendao stone statue carving body shape tall, exquisite carving, are with huge lapis lazuli fine carving and become. One of the stone horse is a masterpiece in the group carving, stone horse back brocade saddle, hissing, mane Phi moving, realistic form. It is said that the horses from the north and south, far away from the reins are always free to run to the stone horse before jumping, it can be said to be false to the real. Visible carving skills.

The mausoleum in the monument only left "mausoleum monument" and "wordless monument" two passes, are the dragon head turtle fall, magnificent. The royal tomb monument inscription is Zhu Yuanzhang personally wrote, recounting his family background, his own experience and participate in the insurgent army, the east river, the establishment of the Ming dynasty of the lofty course. The text is easy to understand and the feelings are sincere and strong. Wordless monument, implying Zhu Yuanzhang ancestor virtue, difficult to express in words. The monument has been broken into three.

Ming Zhongdu mausoleum is the first emperor of the Ming Dynasty scale mausoleum, its luxurious and lavish regulations continue the tradition of the Han, Tang and Song dynasties, creating the style of the Ming and Qing dynasties, in the history of China's ancient mausoleum system occupies an important position.

Ming Taizu Xiaoling Mausoleum

The Xiaoling Mausoleum is the joint mausoleum of Ming Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang and the Empress of the Ming Dynasty, which is located at the bottom of the Dulongfu Playing Pearl Peak of Zijinshan Mountain in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province. Zijinshan Mountain is so lofty and steep that the poem "Zhongfu Dragon Coil, Shicheng Tiger Coil" has been passed down since the Six Dynasties, so there is the saying "Tiger Coil, Dragon Coil". Play Pearl Peak under the deep springs and gullies, purple steam, clouds and mountain colors, changing from night to day. Zhu Yuanzhang ascended to the throne soon, selected here for the mausoleum site.

The Xiaoling mausoleum is grand in scale, and the building highlights the dedication of the temple to show that the imperial power, in an attempt to achieve the consolidation of the purpose of feudal rule.

The front of the mausoleum is under the Horse Square, inscribed with "all the officials of the Division of the horse" six big words, is the mausoleum of the sign of majesty, the mausoleum in front of the Divine Word on both sides of the arrangement of stone statues of twelve pairs of students, there are stone lions, stone Xiezhi, stone camel, stone unicorn, stone to the stone horse and two pairs of two pairs of each, standing face to face, stylized and vivid, more than the Tang and Song dynasty imperial mausoleums in the body of the stone carvings appeared to be More spectacular. Among them, stone elephants and stone camels are the tallest, is the early Ming Dynasty stone carving art masterpiece. There are four pairs of stone Wengzhong in front of the mausoleum, tall, less than waist. They and the stone beasts together with the mighty parade, up to one kilometer long, symbolizing Zhu Yuanzhang's life with the honor guards and guards, there are "stone horse hissing wind WengZhong standing, it is suspected that the night point of the morning shift" poem.

The Xiaoling Sacred Path, by the stone lookout pillar began to turn north, crescent-shaped, half-embracing a small mountain, called "Sun Linggang". Sacred way turn, which is rare in the emperor's tomb. Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum of the reason why the divine path spared Sun Ling Gang, because there is the Three Kingdoms on the Gang Sun Quan's mausoleum of the Emperor of Wu. According to historical records, when the mausoleum was being repaired, some people had suggested that Sun Quan's tomb be moved, but Zhu Yuanzhang did not allow it, saying, "Sun Quan is also a good man, stay as the gate master." In this way, the sacred path had to be bypassed.

The Xiaoling Mausoleum was destroyed when the Qing army entered the country, leaving only the Tomb of the Platform and the Tomb of the Pillar, which is really "full of grass and buried in the old mausoleum of the stone horse, the moon is bright and deserted by weeping copper camel".

Thirteen Ming Tombs

Thirteen Ming Tombs is located in Beijing Changping County, ten kilometers north of the southern foot of Tianshoushan, is the largest mausoleum group of the Ming Dynasty, thirteen mausoleums have become the long mausoleum of Emperor Zhu Di, Renzong Zhu Gaochu's dedication to the mausoleum, Xuanzong Zhu Zhan's Jingling mausoleum, the Yingzong Zhu Qizhen's Yu mausoleum, Xianshen Zhu Jinxian Mao mausoleum, filial piety Zhu Wougong's Tailing mausoleum, Wuzong Zhu Houtong's Kangling mausoleum, the Shizong Zhu Houzung's Yongling mausoleum, the Muzong Zhu Zai listening to him. Zhaoling Mausoleum of Emperor Zhu Yijun of Emperor Shenzong, Qingling Mausoleum of Emperor Zhu Changluo of Emperor Guangzong, Deling Mausoleum of Emperor Xizong Zhu Yuchu of Emperor Xi, and Siling Mausoleum of Emperor Sizong Zhu Yujian. The mausoleum area covers about forty kilometers, east, west and north of the mountains towering, heavy mountains, such as arch like screen. South of the Python Hill, Hu Yu Mountain, facing each other to guard, the magnificent Palace Gate is located between the two mountains, for the gateway to the mausoleum area. The whole mausoleum area is unique and majestic. From the time when Zhu Di, the founder of Ming Dynasty, chose the site for the mausoleum until the demise of the Ming Dynasty, which lasted more than 200 years, the mausoleum has been continuously constructed to become a grand scale and perfectly built mausoleum complex.

◇Changling Mausoleum

Changling Mausoleum is the tomb where Zhu Di, the founder of the Chengzu Dynasty, was buried with Empress Xu.

Zhu Di was a quite accomplished emperor. He once ordered Xie Jin, a bachelor of the Hanlin Academy, and other responsible for convening the world's scribes 3,000 people, compiled the world's unparalleled "Yongle Grand Dictionary" and personally wrote the preface to this book. The world's first large class book, become the study of Chinese history, literature and art treasure trove. He also tasked the eunuch Zheng He six times to the West, traveled throughout Asia and Africa size of more than 30 countries, promoting the Ming Dynasty and these countries and regions of economic and cultural exchanges.

The Changling mausoleum is grand in scale, majestic and reasonable layout. For the ancient Chinese architectural history of the masterpiece. The mausoleum runs north-south and consists of three courtyards. The first courtyard from the Stone Tablet Square to the Pride Gate. Stone Tablet Square is located in the southernmost part of the thirteen mausoleums of God Road, carved from alabaster, crystalline and clean. Six large columns standing in the air, the upper system of blue sky, the lower part of the white clouds, from a distance as if the heavens and earth floating in a colorful cloud, like the deification of the legendary South Heavenly Gate.

Stone Square North is the big red door, it is the gateway to the mausoleum, sitting north to south, *** three holes, Danbi yellow tile, single-eaved hermit roof, solemn and majestic, thick and dignified. Yellow glazed tile roof and vermilion door walls reflect, color coordination, tempting reverie.

Dahongmen north of the Changling Pavilion, there is a dragon head turtle fall stone tablets, recounting the resume of the life of Ming Chengzu. All are words of praise. Thirteen mausoleums, the only long mausoleum stele pavilion has text can be trained, the other mausoleums are not. The four corners of the Pavilion each has a Huabiao, the base and the table body relief coiled dragon and streaming cloud pattern, called "looking at the sky roar", also known as "looking at the return of the king". The meaning of the hope that the king is not greedy for the palace, should go out to understand the people's situation, and hope that the king will not linger outside, return to the dynasty as soon as possible, lest no one deal with the affairs of state.

The second courtyard is the Pride Palace. This is the thirteen mausoleums in the most majestic building, it is "hiding clothes and a few canes, living recommended to hide things" place. Canon all made of precious nanmu, after more than five hundred years of wind and rain erosion, has not tilted deformation, which shows the ancient Chinese craftsmen's superb architectural technology.

The third courtyard consists of the Inner Red Gate and the Ming Tower, among others. The inner red door is a doorway between the Princely Hall and Bao Cheng, because of the proximity of Zhu Di's mausoleum, so the inner red door of the painted hues appear deep, solemn, so that the officials who visit the mausoleum into the door that is produced a feeling of trepidation.

The mausoleum building is majestic, solemn and deep, it is a unique architectural art reflects the early years of the Ming Dynasty political, economic and cultural side.

Three mausoleums in the early Qing Dynasty

Prior to the entry of the Qing Dynasty, Nurhachu's Fuling Mausoleum, Huang taiji's Zhaoling Mausoleum, and the Yongling Mausoleum of the Qing dynasty, collectively referred to as the "three mausoleums in the early Qing Dynasty". Qing Qing before the entry of the mausoleum building both carry forward the tradition of ancient Chinese architecture, but also has a unique local style. With the entry of the Qing dynasty after the east and west of the two mausoleums is different, it highlights the natural scenery of the mausoleum area and the combination of feudal castle-style architectural layout, the mausoleum area is full of simple, solemn, mysterious atmosphere.

◇Yongling

Yongling is Nurhachu's distant ancestor, great-grandfather, father, uncle and his wife's cemetery. Nurhachi is in Xinbin County, Liaoning Province. Backed by Qiyun Mountain, in front of the Suzi River, and Chimney Mountain across the mountain. Yongling mausoleum is small, but the depth of the scene is open, beautiful scenery, as if dotted in the mountains in a red leaf.

The mausoleum is surrounded by a red wall, the south gate of the four horizontal rows of pavilions, monuments standing, inscriptions of thousands of words, are for the ancestors to sing the praises of praise and virtue of the words of praise. Pavilion to the north is the Kaiyun Hall. Kaiyun Hall is a place to worship ancestors, but also the main building of the mausoleum, yellow glazed tile roof, the four walls of the hall inlaid with colorful glazed dragons, the hall for the warmth of the pavilion, the treasure beds and the god, there is also a burning silk pavilion in front of the hall. Kaiyun Hall to the north is the treasure city, the city in the mausoleum mound ring, are flat ground from the sealing, sealing the earth for the Palace, which is mostly pick up bones to move the burial, there may be a crown burial. Yongling mausoleum original old elm tree, the Qianlong emperor had an east tour to the Yongling, for which the "God Tree Fugue", and the royal pen, engraved stone in the hall.

Yongling mausoleum in the early Qing dynasty in the three mausoleums in the smallest scale, because the burial of the people have not been born as emperor, also did not call the Khan, just ancestor to the son of the obvious only.

◇Fuling Mausoleum

Fuling Mausoleum is the mausoleum of Emperor Nurhachu and Empress Gao of the Qing Dynasty, also known as the "East Mausoleum". Located in the eastern suburbs of Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, on the hilly ground, in front of the Hun River, backed by Tianzhu Mountain. Ten thousand pines towering cui, hall cloud, mausoleum and natural scenery as one, unique style.

Fuling Mausoleum covers an area of more than 190,000 square meters. Mausoleum on both sides of the distribution of the dismounted monument, stone lions, Huabiao and stone tablet. Inside the gate, pale pines stand in a forest. Entering the mausoleum door, the terrain gradually rise, a more than one hundred stone steps in the pines between the bucket folded serpentine, coiled up the mountain, with a "mountain steep, stirrups Road layer folded, deep and towering, the dark and unfathomable" feeling. Climbing up the steps, across the stone bridge, facing the monument building. Monument building erected by the Kangxi personally wrote the inscription of the "Qing Fuling Sacred Virtue Monument" one. Behind the monument building is an ancient castle-style square city, which is the place of worship, but also the main building of the mausoleum.

The emperors of the Qing Dynasty attached great importance to ancestor worship, and the annual ritual activities up to more than thirty times. Sacrifice is divided into four kinds of big sacrifice, side sacrifice, small sacrifice and special sacrifice. The big sacrifice in the annual Qingming, mid-autumn, winter solstice and spring. Side festival is held in the anniversary of the death of Nurhachu and high Queen. Small festival held on the first and fifteenth day of the lunar calendar every month. Special sacrifice is a temporary sacrifice in the event of a national ceremony. Sacrifice items used have certain specifications and number. Shunzhi years, the provisions of the big sacrifice with cattle, sheep, pigs, each one, offering fruit and wine, light incense and candles, burning silk, toasts, perform great rites. After the mid-Qing Dynasty, the uprising of stragglers, the Qing Dynasty rulers in order to seek help from their ancestors "in heaven", blessing the stability of the Qing Dynasty, further expanding the scale of the sacrifice. Large offerings increased to two cows, four sheep, eight hundred pounds of noodles, four hundred pounds of oil. Every year only sacrifice Fu Ling with silver fifty thousand taels.

Fuling water lingers in the river, high mountains like arch, quiet and solemn. Red walls and yellow tiles of the mausoleum building is reflected in the sea of pines and lush, blue sky and white clouds, skillfully will be the mountain mausoleum building will be fused in the mountain light and water color, extremely beautiful and harmonious. After the liberation, the mausoleum has been repaired, and then added a new look, become a resort for people to visit the ancient tour.

◇Zhaoling Mausoleum

Zhaoling Mausoleum is the early Qing Dynasty three mausoleums in the largest and most complete preservation of a mausoleum, is the Qing Emperor taiji's mausoleum. Zhaoling mausoleum mountain for artificial push and become, called Longye Mountain, covers an area of 180,000 square meters.

The whole mausoleum can be divided into two parts, from the dismounted monument to the Dahongmen is a part of the dismounted monument in the front of the mausoleum, the inscription with Manchu, Chinese, Mongolian, Tibetan, Hui five kinds of text engraved with "Prince of the following officials to dismount," to show that the mausoleum area of the sacred and solemn.

The second part of the mausoleum area is the big red door to Fangcheng. Dahongmen inlaid with colorful glazed coiled dragons, there are stone Huabiao and six pairs of stone beasts in the door, the carving is very exquisite, with high artistic value. One of the stone horse "big white" and "small white", is said to be modeled on Huang taiji's beloved two mounts carved from the life, handsome, and can be compared with the six steeds of Tang Taizong zhaoling mausoleum.

The third part of the mausoleum area is the huge square city and the back of the treasure city, which is the main body of the mausoleum of all the buildings. Inside the square city, the Long'en Hall is a solemn place for enshrining divine cards and sacrifices. There is a stone tablet of "Tomb of Emperor Taizong Wen" on the bright building. There are corner towers in the four corners of the square city, combining the art of early Qing dynasty castle-style architecture and traditional Chinese mausoleum architectural style into one, complementing each other. The center of the treasure city has a half-moon type treasure top, is buried Huang taiji and the Empress of the Palace, north of the Shouye Mountain, spectacular.

Qingdong Mausoleum

Qingdong Mausoleum in Zunhua County, Hebei Province, under the Changrui Mountain, is the largest mausoleum built after the Qing Dynasty. The whole mausoleum area is divided into two parts, the front circle and the back dragon, the front circle is the mausoleum building area, and the back dragon is the north corner of the lining mountain mausoleum building, which is very extensive.

The East Mausoleum is backed by Changrui Mountain. History records that this area was personally selected by the Shunzhi Emperor. After the Qing Dynasty, once the Shunzhi Emperor hunting, by chance came to Changrui Mountain, stop and look around, marveled: "This mountain Wang Qi lush, can be my birthday Palace." Said he took out Pei still to the distance, said to the ministers: "The fall is set as a cave." Thus opened up the Qing dynasty after the entry of the first mausoleum area. Qing East Mausoleum mausoleum layout to filial piety mausoleum as the center, the east is the emperor Kangxi's Jingling mausoleum and Tongzhi emperor's Huiling, the west is the emperor Qianlong's Yuling mausoleum and the emperor Xianfeng's Dingling mausoleum. There are more than 150 people buried in the mausoleum in one ****, including five emperors, fifteen empresses, and a lot of imperial concubines, nobles, changzheng, promise, gege, ahge, and so on.

◇Xiaoling Mausoleum

Xiaoling Mausoleum is under the main peak of Changrui Mountain, which is the mausoleum of Emperor Shunzhi.

The Xiaoling Mausoleum is the main building of the Qing East Mausoleum. In front of the mausoleum stands a stone pagoda, all made of white jade. Above the relief of the "cloud dragon playing beads", "two lions rolling ball" and a variety of spinning large dotted gold painted decorations, knife exquisite, majestic, becoming the most representative works of art of stone carving in the Qing Dynasty. Immediately adjacent to the stone arch is the big red door. Great Red Gate is the Xiaoling mausoleum is also the entire Qing East Mausoleum gateway, red wall winding, solemn and elegant. In front of the gate there is a stone tablet "officials and people waiting for this dismount".

Through the big red door, facing the monument building. Monument building in the center of the two tall "Shengde Shen Gongbei", the monument were engraved with two kinds of Manchu and Chinese characters Shunzhi emperor's achievements in life. It is a political and military side of the early Qing Dynasty, it reflects from a different perspective of the Manchu rulers after the entry of the ruling policy strategy and Shunzhi's person.

Dragon and phoenix gate is located in the middle of Shendao,,, three doors, six pillars and three buildings, colorful glazed tile cover, dragon and phoenix floral decoration, rich and colorful. Shows the long distance and beautiful scenery of the sacred way. Over the dragon and phoenix gate is the seven-hole bridge. It is one of the largest and most interesting of the nearly 100 stone bridges in the East Tomb. The bridge body is made of alabaster stone arches, the choice of material is peculiar, if you knock along the railings, you will hear five scales of gold and jade-like sound, known as the "five sound bridge".

The north end of the Divine Path is the lofty Long'en Hall, is the main place for holding ceremonial activities, but also the main building of the mausoleum. In order to promote imperial power, the rulers of the Qing Dynasty spared no expense and made great efforts to renovate the Hall of Long En, which is surrounded by golden dragons and is rich in splendor.

◇Yuling

The situation of the underground palace in the Qing East Mausoleum, the most representative of Qianlong's Yuling.

Yuling dungeon is an arch structure, all carved or processed stone masonry, covered with a variety of Buddhist-related scriptures and decorative carvings, as if an underground Buddhist art stone sculpture museum. Inside the palace, despite the many drawings, but does not appear to be cluttered, on the contrary, give a person a kind of mutual support, a sense of integration, fully reflecting the high level of stone carving craftsmanship in the Qing Dynasty.

◇Podayu Dingdongling

Cixi's Dingdongling is China's existing regulation of luxury, the system is more complete a Queen's mausoleum complex.

The Dingdong Mausoleum has been constructed for ten years. But Cixi always feel unsatisfactory, at the expense of people and money, demolition and reconstruction. After the reconstruction of the Long En Hall is extraordinary, brilliant, so that people seem to enter the world of gold. Inside the hall there are sixty-four golden dragon coiled jade columns, with extremely precious yellow rosewood composition. Golden dragon with spring control, dragon head dragon whiskers can be shaken with the wind, golden light, like a real dragon in the air, rocking. Long En Hall in front of the dragon and phoenix color stone, Cixi service to make craftsmen with the technique of sudden carving, so that the phoenix on the dragon in the next, constituting a picture of a golden phoenix play dragon scene, fully reflecting the political ambition of this ingenious intention.

Cixi Dingdong Mausoleum Palace than Qianlong more luxurious. The palace treasures countless. Cixi's mouth contains a night pearl, can be separated and closed, separated from the transparent light, closed when a green light, within a hundred paces at night can be illuminated hair. Until the eve of the closure of the underground palace, but also constantly to put inside a variety of rare treasures, luxury, appalling.

Qingxi Mausoleum

Qingxi Mausoleum in Hebei Yixian City, Yongning Mountain, more than 120 kilometers east of Beijing, is the Qing Dynasty into the customs after the construction of another large-scale mausoleum area, but also successive emperors' mausoleum architecture is relatively well-preserved one. The mausoleum area from Qifengling in the north, south to Danyanqiao, east from Lianggezhuang, west to Zijingguan, eight hundred square kilometers.

The mausoleum area *** there are four imperial mausoleums: Yongzheng Emperor Tailing, Jiaqing Emperor Changling, Daoguang Emperor Muling, Guangxu Emperor Chongling. There are many mausoleums, consort mausoleums, princess tombs. Qing West Mausoleum began to open the Yongzheng Emperor.

There is another emperor's mausoleum in the Qing West Mausoleum that has not been completed, which is the mausoleum of Fu Yi, the last emperor of China. After his death, Fu Yi's ashes were returned to the Babaoshan Cemetery, and in 1994, Fu Yi's ashes were buried again in the Qing West Mausoleum.

◇Thai Mausoleum

According to the system of "the son is buried with the father, and the grandchildren are inherited", Yongzheng should have been buried with his father, but Yongzheng opened up a new area, and built the Taiming Mausoleum in Yixian County, which is hundreds of miles away from the East Mausoleum. The reason, rumor has it that he tampered with Kangxi's posthumous edict, the throne of the wrong, guilty, and therefore do not want to be buried next to his father.

Thai mausoleum construction lasted eight years. Thai mausoleum is the largest mausoleum in the Qing West Mausoleum, is also the core part of the West Mausoleum mausoleum. Before and after the three tall and exquisite stone pagoda and a more than ten meters wide, five kilometers long Shendao, through the north and south of the mausoleum area. The stone statues on both sides of the divine path have three pairs of stone beasts, a pair of civil ministers, a pair of military ministers. Tailing stone statue of life using the technique of writing, with heavy and thick lines, outlining the figures and animals, and then fine as embroidery line carving, performance details, patterns. Embodies the Qing Dynasty stone carving art unique carving techniques.

The northern extension of the Divine Path is the Taileung Divine Path Stele Pavilion. Stele Pavilion stands a general Manchu, Chinese and Mongolian three characters engraved with the Yongzheng Emperor's posthumous name of the stone tablets. Pavilion north is east and west room, is the production and storage of vegetables, fruits and vegetables, snacks room. East and west of the room north, through the door is the main building of the mausoleum - Longen Hall. Longen Hall by the east and west hall and the main hall, the east hall is placed to wish the board place, the west hall for the lama chanting place. The main hall in the center of the platform, lofty and tall. Inside the hall, the bright columns are wrapped with gold stickers, the top has spinning colorful paintings, and the beams and workshops are decorated with gold threads and big dots of gold, which are brilliant.

◇Muling

Muling is the mausoleum of the Daoguang Emperor, the westernmost of the Qing Western Tomb, a unique shape.

According to the Qing Dynasty regulations, the name of the emperor's mausoleum name is generally by the emperor of the next generation, but the name of the mausoleum is said to be the Daoguang Emperor personally formulated. Before his death, he said: "respect look northeast, eternal adoration endless, cloud mountain close, woo hoo! Its moo and moo also", and then the Oracle stored in the East Warming Pavilion of the Great Hall. After the death of Emperor Daoguang, Xianfeng assumed the throne, reread the edict, see "its Mu and Mu also" sentence, understand, and then named Mu Mausoleum.

Muling in the Qing dynasty imperial mausoleum, the most simple rules, no square city, Ming floor, the Palace and the God God monument, table and stone statues, but the quality of the project is solid and fine. Longen Hall are constructed with gold nanmu, do not apply color painting, wax coating pond, exquisite and unusual. The entire ceiling, all with fragrant nanmu in high relief, carved into a downward-looking dragon head. The dragon swallowed clouds spray, vivid, so that people into the hall as if in the "dragon gathering, dragon mouth incense" art world.

Muling's walls do not hang gray, do not paint red, grinding bricks to the seam, dry grouting, the top of the wall is also covered with yellow glazed tiles, gray and yellow. With the ups and downs of the mountain, the hall pavilion, the top of the treasure ring in the mausoleum wall, seem clear, solemn. Especially in front of the dragon and phoenix gate two branches and leaves, the unique shape of the welcome pine, for the mausoleum added a poetic flavor. A trunk slanting, branches and leaves upward in a rounded shape, the edge of the roll, like a color plate, as if the maid of honor top plate sacrifice, the other bends down and nods his head, courteous, like in the humble welcome guests.

◇Shongling

Shongling is after the death of Guangxu, began to build, to the end of the Qing Dynasty has not yet been completed, and then by the Minister Liang Dingfen to the Xun Qing veterans to donate money to continue to build, to be completed.

Shung mausoleum palace although the system is not grand, but the material of the fine, silver consumption is also considerable. Tomb Road has four stone door, each door by two whole carved white jade stone synthesis. Above there is a bodhisattva in relief, the bodhisattva head with the Buddha's crown, wearing a robe, foot on the lotus seat, kindly and kindly face respectfully stood upright in the stone door, protect the door to recite the sutra.

The palace bed for the green stone Sumeru seat, above the left and right side by side with the coffin of Emperor Guangxu and Empress Longyu. Coffins engraved around the Tibetan and Sanskrit mantras. Long Yu after the coffin lid top has a beautiful stone carving line carving painting. The whole picture has a compact layout, vivid modeling, fine knife skills and gilded lines.

Shongling dungeon had been excavated, when the remnants of grave robbing left behind is still there, four stone door opening, the coffin of the Guangxu emperor was cut into a large hole with a knife and axe. Empress Longyu's coffin lid was also pried open, the jewels in Empress Longyu's mouth were taken out by the thieves, and the burial objects in the underground palace were looted. The thieves did not find the emperor's coffin under the "golden well", Chinese archaeologists from which they unearthed pearls, jadeite, jade, mother of pearl iron ball and other precious artifacts more than two hundred pieces.

Chongling underground palace after finishing and decoration, has officially opened to domestic and foreign tourists.

Sui-Wen Di Tai Mausoleum

Sui-Wen Di Yang Jian was a native of Huayin (today's Shaanxi). He inherited his father's title and became the Duke of Sui during the Northern Zhou Dynasty. His daughter was the empress of Emperor Xuan of the Northern Zhou Dynasty. When Emperor Jing became king at a young age, he became the prime minister, so he took over the government and was crowned king of Sui. Later, he abrogated Emperor Jing and established the Sui Dynasty under the name of Kai Huang (开皇). It took him nine years to unify China and end the division between the north and the south. During his reign of more than 20 years, Emperor Wen of Sui started his career and made great achievements in politics, which is known as the "Rule of the Kai Huang" in history. He introduced the equalization of land, created the imperial examination system, and established a relatively complete centralized system of power, laying the foundation for the political and economic development of the Tang Dynasty. After his death, he was buried with his empress in the Taileung Mausoleum, in the same grave and in a different cave.

Sui-Wen Di's mausoleum was known as the Tailing Mausoleum, and was located about near the city of Fufeng County in today's Shaanxi Province. It is near a small village and town to the south, and the Yangling Railway Station is to the east. So if you want to visit the Taiming Mausoleum on the ground it is relatively convenient. Standing in front of the Taiming, your gaze crosses the Wei River and you can see the majestic Zhongnan Mountain. When you look at the Taiming, you can find that after more than a thousand years of wind and rain, it looks more and more ancient and vicissitudes. If you look closely, you will find that the top of the mausoleum is a flat rectangle, while the bottom and the surrounding area of the mound have been dug away a lot, which is thought to be the work of grave robbers over the generations. The building of the mausoleum has long been destroyed and the remains on the ground are now hard to find. According to the history books, there should have been a towering section building built here.

To the south of the mound is a stone monument from the Qing Dynasty, about three meters high, on which are engraved five large, clear characters, "Sui Wendi Taileung," written by Bi Ruan, the governor of Shaanxi in the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty.

Toward the southeast of the mausoleum, not far from the corner of the mausoleum and the mausoleum east of the two high ground, there are the remains of the temple of the Sui Wendi. Today commonly known as the "sacrificial altar". The original temple of the wall building has been destroyed, and now only able to see the remnants of the brick and tile. However, it is not difficult to imagine how grand the scale of the temple was. The remains of the section of the building can still be seen here.

It is in these broken bricks and tiles that historians have found a strong Buddhist color and form. More common are the lotus-shaped square bricks. The center of the square brick is a lotus flower pattern in relief, the corners are decorated with trailing grass, surrounded by engraved with a continuous bead pattern, very beautiful and generous. In particular, a broken tile decorated with the image of a Bodhisattva was found here. On the front side, a heart shape is formed with a string pattern and a lengzhu pattern, and in the center sits a bodhisattva with his hands folded and seated in a posture. It is said that this kind of tile is very rare in China, which is directly decorated with the Bodhisattva.

Tai mausoleum of the Sui emperor, in the history of China's mausoleum has the status of the beginning and the end. It laid the foundation for the development of the later Tang and Song tombs. It is of great significance for the study of Taileung.

The Mausoleum of Emperor Yang

The Mausoleum of Emperor Yang is located in Leitang Village, Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province. Leitang, also known as "Leipo", is said to be the place where the king of Wu once built a fishing platform. In the Southern Dynasty, the garden landscape, pavilions and pavilions, is the South of the river. After the Song Dynasty, this place is annihilated, only left Emperor Yang a lonely mound, the people called "royal tomb pier". Later generations of people do poetry satirizing Emperor Yang said:

The emperor's rise and fall of the world a few times, the wind flow especially from the said trail.

But seek to die to see the Yangzhou moon, not the original return to the frame of six dragons.

Yang Guang, Emperor Yang of Yang, was the son of Yang Jian. He was made King of Jin at the age of thirteen and worshipped the crutch state. When Sui crusaded against Chen, he was the marching marshal, stationed in Yangzhou. Later, he killed his father and took the throne. After his accession to the throne, he was greedy for extravagance and opened the Tongji Canal, which made it easy for him to travel in a dragon boat. He traveled to Yangzhou three times and spent the whole day in a drunken stupor. All his residences were decorated with gold and jade. He was also enthusiastic about building palaces, which caused him to labor and hurt people's money, resulting in the deficit of the state and the people's livelihood. Later, Yuwen Hua and attacked the Jiangdu Palace, Emperor Yang was afraid of killing the head and body so hanged himself.

The mausoleum of Emperor Yang was rebuilt in the Qing Dynasty. In front of the mausoleum, there is a monument erected by Ruan Yuan, on which the words "Mausoleum of Emperor Yang of Sui" are clearly written. Emperor Yang's death in the midst of songs, dances and wine has caused many poets to write poems about him.

The mausoleum of Tang Emperor Li Shimin

Tang Emperor Li Shimin was the second son of Li Yuan, who was named King of Qin, and he fought for the establishment of a unified and powerful Qin Dynasty and won many battles. Later, he launched the Xuanwumen Incident, forcing Gaozu to abdicate by force and becoming emperor himself. In the following year, he changed his name to "Zhenguan". Li Shimin was a relatively effective emperor, and during his reign, the famous "Rule of Zhenguan" emerged, laying the foundation for the high economic and cultural development of the Tang Dynasty.

After the death of Empress Changsun in the 10th year of the Zhenguan reign, Emperor Taizong began to build the Zhaoling Mausoleum. He strongly advocated a thin funeral, the purpose is to make the "annihilation of the thief rest heart", lest like the Han Dynasty mausoleums as stolen bodies and bones are not survived. But in fact, the Zhaoling mausoleum establishment is not frugal, but very luxurious. The entire mausoleum is dozens of kilometers in circumference, magnificent and majestic, is the previous emperor's mausoleum can not be compared. After his death, Emperor Taizong of Tang was buried in the Xuan Palace, sharing his bed with Empress Changsun in order to allow the Empress to serve the tomb owner in her bedchamber in accordance with etiquette.

The interior of the Zhaoling mausoleum's burial chamber is very ornate, and it is rumored that the authentic handwritten "Lanting Preface" by the world-famous great calligrapher Wang Xizhi is in it. Du Fu, a poet of the Tang Dynasty, once wrote a poem describing the splendor of the Zhaoling Xuan Palace.

The mausoleum of Zhao Tomb contains more than one hundred and sixty tombs of meritorious officials and noble relatives. Among them are the tombs of Wei Zheng, Fang Xuanling, Wen Yanbo, Li Jing, Yuchi Gong and other famous historical figures. Zhaoling Mausoleum is situated on the high ground, and the tombs are distributed on both sides, among which most of the tombs of princesses and concubines are on the hill. There is a trapezoidal altar outside the Xuanwumen Gate of the Zhaoling Mausoleum, which displays the stone statues of fourteen ethnic minority chiefs, and the east and west hipped halls of the altar display world-famous bas-reliefs? /ca>