Research report on the subject of traditional craft inheritance

Shell carving-Hainan shell carving technology had a high level as early as the Ming Dynasty, and gradually combined with ancient coconut carving technology to form a unique artistic style. At present, most of the refined Hainan shell carvings are spliced with coconut carvings or used as bases. The bright shell carving is in sharp contrast with the original coconut carving. In recent years, Hainan's small pieces of shell carvings with the theme of coconut trees, the ends of the earth, craters, Boao and other scenic spots are very popular with tourists, and some exquisite shell carvings created by our province have also won awards frequently in China.

There are various choices of shells in the shell carving process. Shells and snails are unique in shape and colorful. Among them, there are tiger-spotted shellfish, white jade shellfish, luminous shellfish, five-claw snails, mother-hunting snails, pearl oysters, chaste snails, tangguan snails, heptapod snails, horseshoe snails that can be used as ashtrays, and bighorn snails that fishermen use as horns. , are very attractive natural handicrafts, but also commonly used materials for shell carving. Good shells are the basis of shell carving technology, carved and inlaid with smooth and shiny shells. Shell carving can also use various shells to make various practical handicrafts, such as wine sets, ornaments, pendants, necklaces, brooches and so on. As delicate as jade.

Second, the theme of the event:

Surrounded by the sea, Dongshan Island is deeply intoxicated by the deep blue sea and golden beaches, especially the shells on the beach are colorful, eye-catching and prostrate. In their spare time, students often go to the seaside to play together and collect some shells they like from the beach. Ingenious students often make them into beautiful small handicrafts and put them on the table. The elaborate shell products are really unique and people can't put it down. Even the clumsy students are moved and eager to try. Although students are very interested in shell making, they don't know much about handicrafts and shell processing methods because of the lack of necessary tools, and often get half the result with half the effort, which is not satisfactory. So we investigated the production of shell carvings. We have abundant local resources. As long as we are careful, we can find the unique beauty of various natural substances, such as all kinds of shellfish that can be seen everywhere by the sea, colorful, and then cross the sea; After years of baptism, Chinese brush has formed colorful textures and various shapes. Why don't we develop and use them and process them into daily necessities or works of art to enrich and beautify our lives?

Three. Specific objectives of the activity:

1. Through investigation, interview and consulting materials, let students collect shell crafts and understand the types and characteristics of shell processing.

2. Collect all kinds of shells, process and create shells, mainly in the form of shell carving, shell plastic, shell stickers, shell ornaments, etc., and feel the hidden space contained in shell utilization.

3. Make students deeply realize that there is beauty everywhere in life, carefully observe and discover beauty, and create beauty with their own hands.

Four. The process and method of activity

1, the person in charge of the division of activities, and the students voluntarily form a group to carry out the investigation according to the needs of the project and students' interests. Each group has a team leader, who is responsible for the organization and leadership of this group's investigation topics, including the investigation area, personnel, time, content and overall planning. Liaison officers, recorders and collectors can be set up in the group according to the situation, who are responsible for contacting relevant departments to visit, recording the results of investigation visits and collecting shellfish specimens respectively.

2. Activity steps:

Stage time Main tasks Stage objectives: from mid-July to late August, we will search for information, collect shells, visit shell processing plants on the spot, visit technicians, determine the inspection objectives, contents, inspection methods and activities of our delegation, and make an activity plan.

From the beginning of August to the end of August, the team cooperated to complete the production of the shell works.

At the beginning of September, the results were summarized and presented, and the paper was submitted to relevant departments.

3. Location: South Gate Beach of Dongshan, Maluan Bay, Shell Art Factory and Shell House.

4, the specific process

(a) to determine the scene and the interviewee.

The whole class discussed and discussed the contents, activities, tasks and methods of the survey.

(2) Grouping according to the survey site and interviewees.

Divide the whole class into four groups (according to their hobbies, take the form of voluntary combination), go to the shell art factory for field investigation, investigation and interview, and collect shells at the seaside and fishermen's homes.

(3) Each group conducted field visits, surveys and interviews, and sorted out the obtained data and inquired about relevant information.

1. According to the actual situation, each group conducts field visits or interviews to learn about shells and shell crafts.

2. Find a classmate in each group to exchange the results of the investigation and interview in this group.

3. Show and evaluate the collected shell handicrafts, understand their manufacturing technology, tools and materials, analyze the feasibility and difficulties of self-production and discuss solutions.

(4) production of shell engineering

1. Collect shells as needed.

2. The collected shells are preliminarily classified according to their names, categories, main uses, shell shapes, colors, texture characteristics and other information.

3. Name category, shell shape, shell color and texture characteristics, usage

4. Innovative processing under the guidance of teachers.

Summary of investigation and understanding:

Anyone who has been to Dongshan Island will be deeply attracted by all kinds of exquisite shell carving crafts. In 1960s, Dongshan Island established the first shell carving craft factory in Fujian earlier. Ingenious island artists use the natural color, texture and shape of shells to perform artistic performances according to their materials, and make them into bonsai, ashtrays, pens, flower arrangements, necklaces, candlesticks, hanging screens, necklaces and so on by collage, floating pile, blank mold, support and inlay. Even with clever techniques, the lotus in the pool, the fish in the water, the lion on the mountain, the mandarin duck in the pond and the natural scenery are all vividly displayed.

Shell carving is a handicraft that is carved or inlaid with colored shells or directly processed on shells. Unlike plants, the eternal color of shells will not change with the changes of life and surrounding environment. It is born with beauty, magical colors and strange appearance created by nature. Among the numerous marine shells in Dongshan Island, not only ancient coins can be found, but also crystal-clear harp snails and oriental quail snails, as well as rare luminous snails and nautilus, a national first-class protected animal, Tangguansnail and baby tiger-spotted. Shells are divided into hundreds of varieties. There are corals, tiger shells, pearl shells, nautilus, crown snails and so on. One can also be divided into many kinds of shell sculptures, such as corals, which can be made into coral bonsai with white corals. Coral bonsai is very beautiful. From a distance, it looks like several Bai Mudan sticks together and never fades. Red coral can also be used to make rings, necklaces and other decorations. Pearls, pearls can be made into all kinds of jewelry; Pearl can also be ground into pearl powder, which is a precious Chinese medicine and can be used to treat dizziness, convulsions, upset and other symptoms. Pearl powder can also be used for skin care and beauty. Pinctada can be used to make hanging screens and other furnishings, as well as stationery, smoking utensils, table lamps and other daily necessities. These are just some shell carvings, and there are thousands of shell carvings.

A good shell carving needs material selection, so the material selection should not be sloppy. Choosing shells is like choosing fish in the market. If you choose fresh fish, it will taste good. If you choose stale fish, it will taste bad and sometimes hurt your health. The same is true for choosing shells. Shell carving needs excellent shells, so that shell carving can achieve the "beautiful" effect; If inferior shells are selected, shell carving can only achieve moderate results. But inferior shells also have their uses. They can be ground into powder and added with gypsum for further processing.

The purchased shells should be cleaned, and different shells should be soaked with different potions, and the soaking time is different. Shells such as tiger-spotted shellfish, nautilus and crown snail should be soaked in stronger liquid medicine for a long time, because these shells contain residual meat, which will rot in the shell, which is not convenient for processing, and will give off a stench, while some shells such as coral and pearl oyster have no meat, and some bodies will automatically. Soaked shells will look particularly clean and smooth.

Some shells don't need fine processing after cleaning. Shell such as crown snail and nautilus. Because often these shells are just for decoration. As long as it is washed and scraped with clean water, it can be sold directly without further processing. Shells such as coral, pearl oyster and tiger skin need to be finely processed again. When the white coral is reprocessed, a mushroom-shaped coral should be selected as the bottom, and then the white coral should be glued into a coral bonsai with gypsum and shell powder; When making pearl shells, it is necessary to carve them into vivid patterns and then insert them into wood products. When making tiger-spotted shellfish, you can stick vivid patterns on the tiger-spotted shellfish and then corrode it. We must clean the processed shell again. This cleaning is very different from the previous cleaning, because this cleaning is only to clean the dirt formed during the processing. Soak the shells in weak liquid medicine for two or three minutes. Clean shells should also be shaved, and a beautiful handicraft is finished.

Shell carving is really a must. Shell carving only needs a perfect and exquisite processing technology. What shell carving needs more is an ingenious processor who can turn worthless shells into priceless shell carving works of art.

5. Exchange of results

① Display colorful shell specimens.

(2) Show all kinds of shell works in the form of exhibitions, introduce the ideas, characteristics and production methods of the works to students, and invite students to put forward valuable opinions.

(3) Exchange experiences and share what you have learned, thought and realized. Each student in the group communicates orally, and the group sends a representative to communicate with the whole class (representing the voice of the whole group). Each student writes down his deepest feelings and shares them with the whole class (posted in the classroom).

* * * The Group enjoys the following resources:

Almost all mollusks have shells. Shellfish are divided into five classes, namely Gastropoda, Bivalves, Bipods, Polypods and Cephalopods. Each class is divided into several different nationalities.

* Gastropoda shells: Most Gastropoda shells have small water pipes at the back of the shell mouth and water pipes at the front of the shell mouth. There may be wrinkles on the screw shaft and convex teeth on the outer lip. Observing the shell mouth surface, the shapes are hat-shaped, ear-shaped, gyro-shaped, screw-shaped, pear-shaped, spindle-shaped, pipa-shaped and stick-shaped.

* bivalve shells: this kind of shells consists of two layers of shells, left and right, connected by a ligament; When the two shells are disturbed, ligaments can be seen from the bottom of the shells. The shapes are disc-shaped, fan-shaped, boat-shaped and paddle-shaped, and a few are heart-shaped and irregular.

* Other shellfish: In terms of species and morphological changes, the shellfish of Polypoda, Bipoda and Cephalopoda are far less abundant than those of Gastropoda and Bivalves. Bipods are ivory, rare cephalopod shells are almost the same in shape and size, and the shell plates in Polypoda are decorated.

* Shell habitat: molluscs have been able to adapt to different living environments, from rocks washed by seawater day and night to the dark deep seabed, there are their special molluscs. Tides affect the characteristics and distribution of mollusks growing on the seashore, and sufficient sunshine can provide sufficient food. Molluscs are best suited to live in the tropics.

* Habitat protection: Humans should try not to destroy biological habitats. Under almost every rock and coral reef, there is a community where animals and plants live. Once destroyed, it will bring them disaster. If a beach is constantly searched by seashell collectors, the natural habitat of this creature will be gradually destroyed, so please respect the living space of these unsuspecting lower animals.

* Composition of shells: Calcium carbonate is the most basic substance that constitutes shells, and the other component is protein, and protein will be included in the cover of gastropods. The secretion of this ingredient layer by layer makes the shells harder and harder, and some will also produce the luster of pearls. The hard shell grows from the outer edge and gradually thickens with the growth. Because of the periodicity and continuity of growth, shells present beautiful and colorful patterns.

* Shell collection: clean the meat, residue and shell attachments of shellfish to ensure that the shells are completely dry, and then store them in a dark and airtight place. Finally, the towels are labeled and classified for easy collection and retrieval.

Main materials: shell of shellfish, such as clam, clam, bamboo, scallop, mussel, scallop, snail, sea worm, sea urchin, etc.

Verb (abbreviation for verb) Student's harvest

When I first started the course of comprehensive practical activities, I found it very fresh and interesting. But through constant visits and visits, we really understand the hardships of social activities and the truth contained therein. But we are still flattered, and we always feel a sense of pride is growing, because we feel that we have begun to get in touch with society, understand society, and have a more precious experience-

Comprehensive practical activities make us realize the value of the spirit of unity and cooperation. In a short time, we have grown up a lot and learned to care for and help each other. During this period, we often complete tasks that are not within our responsibilities, regardless of each other. If we have any ideas, we will discuss them immediately and never complain. With everyone's participation, the work efficiency will of course be greatly improved. As the saying goes, "Unity is strength", a twisted rope is always difficult to break. We encountered many difficulties in the production process, which made us feel the importance of cooperation. For example, the staff cooperated with our work and the interview went smoothly. I really appreciate them. ...

Sixth, teachers' understanding and physical guidance

Comprehensive practical activities have not only changed students' study life, but also completely changed our teaching life. Comprehensive practical activities make teachers leave the classroom, podium and subject, and they are often so powerless in front of students. The afterlife is awesome. If you don't study, you will really be eliminated. At the same time, comprehensive practical activities also let teachers taste the taste of mutual learning and mutual improvement between teachers and students. Comprehensive practical activities make teachers approach students unconsciously, so as to better understand students, and also let students understand teachers, and the relationship between teachers and students becomes more harmonious. The biggest touch of comprehensive practical activities is that I deeply feel that students are the masters of learning, and it is my responsibility to encourage students to practice, experience and discover themselves.

Attachment: interview notes:

Ma Huocai is now the head of a shell carving factory in Dongshan. Walking into Master Ma's studio, there is a faint smell in the air, which is the smell of the sea. He said, "I didn't learn to make shell carvings from my teacher because I love this thing very much." After a long time, practice makes perfect, and I can draw what I think with the shells in my hand. " To make shell carvings, it is necessary to polish shells of different sizes into various shapes and then assemble them into groups of drawings. Without a polishing machine, he converted the sewing machine at home into a grinder and produced some excellent works, which left a deep impression on the master of the shell carving factory at that time. Since then, Chen Chunlong's shell carving has gradually developed its own characteristics and skills, that is, using small shells to depict every grass and tree in his hometown. Although he has never formally studied painting, the magnificent scenery of the cave head has long been imprinted in his mind. He often only needs one or two nights to sketch a five-or six-meter-long meticulous green landscape painting as the general plan of shell carving. "After the general drawing is finished, it should be broken down into various parts, and then the shells should be polished into corresponding shapes according to the shapes of mountains, islands, flowers and birds on the drawing." After the assembly is completed, the last process is painting, which is called coloring, and a work is finished. It's easy to say, but this process is really done, but it takes a lot of effort, and it can't be done in ten days and a half months. He said that the works created by shell carving are small in size, but of high quality. Moreover, the creative process can not be completely limited to the original design drawings, and it needs to be changed at any time as needed, and the technical requirements are very high. Because of this, Master Ma lamented: "Shell carving is a good thing, but it takes time and the output is not high. Young people nowadays don't like learning. " The old artist has devoted too much affection to the shell carving on the island for more than ten years, and this craft is in urgent need of someone to inherit and carry forward. In the interview, he mentioned a wish: that is, more people can inherit this craft.

Investigation diary: August 2007 15 sunny

I went to many tourist attractions with my classmates and found that there are more than a dozen shops in each tourist attraction. Every store sells shell carvings, and some of them are specialized stores. Our local shell carvings sell a lot, accounting for 80% of the handicrafts in the store. It is conceivable that there are many local shell carvings, and the sales volume is not small. Some local shell carvings were sold to other places. Sales reached 50%. Most of these shell carvings are shipped to Xiamen and Fuzhou. We also found that some furniture such as tables and chairs in every furniture store were inlaid with shells. According to the owner of the furniture store, shell carving furniture is very popular, and its sales volume is larger than that of ordinary furniture, reaching 70% of furniture sales. This shows that shell carving is very popular with consumers.

As early as around the Song and Yuan Dynasties, mother-of-pearl inlay and shell stickers became popular among Chinese people. There are various figures, animals, flowers, hanging screens and other furnishings; All kinds of stationery, smoking sets, table lamps and other daily necessities. Rich in color, unique in shape and natural beauty. The main producing areas are Dalian, Liaoning, Qingdao, Shandong, Beihai, Guangxi and Lufeng, Guangdong.

Shell carving is a kind of handicraft with various forms and specifications, such as flat sticking, semi-relief, inlay, three-dimensional and so on, which is carefully carved by using colored shells and their natural colors and texture shapes through cutting, grinding, polishing and overlapping. It was only developed after liberation.

The application of shells, as early as 50 thousand years ago in the caveman period, was worn as a chain as a decoration. From Shang Dynasty to Qin Dynasty, a kind of shellfish was used as money for a long time. After the Han Dynasty, artists of past dynasties carved various patterns by using the color of shells and inlaid them on bronzes, mirrors, screens, tables and chairs for decoration. This process is called "Luodian" and is still produced in many areas.

There are many kinds of shells, the big ones are like dustpans and the small ones are like rice grains, with different shapes and colors. A shell can also be ground into many colors. Therefore, there are many kinds of handicrafts and a wide range of subjects. The varieties include smoking utensils, stationery, table lamps, hairpins, bottle plugs, fish tanks and other practical handicrafts, as well as various artistic appreciation products such as hanging screens, screens and round carvings. Colors are all based on the inherent colors of shells, which are not exaggerated and have a unique flavor. Shell crafts are mostly glued together. After research and improvement, it is now boiled in boiling water, which will not open the glue and will not deform at the low temperature of MINUS 40 degrees.

The main producing areas of shell carving are Qingdao in Shandong, Luda in Liaoning, Beihai in Guangxi, Lufeng in Guangdong and Lianyungang in Jiangsu. Mainly flowers and birds, figures, landscapes, still life and so on. , crystal clear, simple and elegant, with distinctive decorative and ornamental. It means wealth and good luck. Huge murals and large screens suitable for architectural decoration of large hotels and conference halls are full of artistic charm and can highlight the elegance and rich cultural atmosphere of the hall; Shell carving tourism series souvenirs, jewelry, three-dimensional ornaments, landscape painting screens, etc. Convenient to carry, or as a tourist souvenir, or as a gift for relatives and friends, deeply loved by tourists.