The customs of Guangzhou during the Dragon Boat Festival _3000 words

Dragon Boat Festival is a traditional folk festival in China. Also known as Dragon Boat Festival and Duanyang. In addition, there are many nicknames for the Dragon Boat Festival, such as: Noon Festival, Chongwu Festival, May Festival, Magnolia Festival, Daughter's Day, Tianzhong Festival, Dila Festival, Poet's Day and Dragon Boat Festival. Although the names are different, on the whole, the customs of people everywhere are more similar than different. In Guangzhou dialect, I found some characteristic nouns with great interest, and explained them according to some materials, thus seeing the customs of Guangzhou Dragon Boat Festival.

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Dragon boat race is the biggest activity for Guangzhou people to celebrate the Dragon Boat Festival. Dragon boat race, known as "dragon boat" in Guangzhou, used to be done by suburban farmers.

Dragon boat racing has a history of at least several thousand years in Guangzhou. Dragon boat races are held every year during the Dragon Boat Festival. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Guangzhou was the heyday of the dragon boat race. In ancient times, the dragon boat race in Guangzhou was different from today's. This is a mass art activity with strong artistry. As Qu Dajun described in those days, the dragon boat is more than ten feet long and six or seven feet high. The dragon must be two feet into the water, and there are six or seven people sitting on the dragon's forehead and neck, of which Jin Tingting is twice as tall. There are no fewer than seventy or eighty people who flag, cover, drum and swing a radial blow. Some dragon boats are five feet high, with a pavilion at the top, five wheels and a platform at the bottom. There are more than 50 kinds of zaju in each drama, and there are more than 80 boys. There are fewer people on board now. Dragon boat racing has become a kind of sports competition.

Before the 1930s, the dragon boat that sank to the bottom after the Dragon Boat Festival last year was carried out at the Buddha Bathing Festival on the eighth day of April. As the saying goes, "on the eighth day of April, the dragon boat slides with the sea." After the 1930s, it was gradually changed to a dragon boat in early May. As the saying goes: "The dragon boat sets sail on the first day, endures on the second day, travels all over the country on the third day and the fourth day, competes with the dragon boat on the fifth day, and breaks its nose on the seventh day and the eighth day." The fifth day is the day of the dragon boat race, and the winner can get a whole roast pig and a silver dollar. Dragon boats in the suburbs of the eighth day are mostly concentrated in Huangzhuqi in the suburbs for performance competitions, because there was a dragon mother temple in Huangzhuqi at that time, and the eighth day was the birthday of the dragon mother.

1994, Guangzhou * * * officially designated the Dragon Boat Festival on the fifth day of May. On the fifth day of the fifth lunar month, the Dragon Boat Festival is held on the Pearl River from Haizhu Bridge in Guangzhou to Ren Minqiao. At that time, Guangzhou was crowded with people and was very lively. Visitors who come to watch the dragon boat race can take part in many folk activities such as washing dragon boat water, hanging sachets and tasting dragon boat banquets.

"borrowing scenery" and "competing for bids"

There are two main forms of dragon boat race in Guangdong. One is rowing a dragon boat, which is called "borrowing scenery". Nearly 100 dragon boats in Brother Village and Laobiao Village gather from all directions to connect feelings. Each township takes turns to hold only performance skills, not rankings. From May 1 day to May 20th, there is a "play" almost every day; Seeing zhu cun scenery in the first day, Haizhu Datang scenery in the second day, Chepi scenery in the third day, Temple Head scenery in the fourth day, Shipai scenery in the fifth day and Liede scenery in the fifth day are all customs that Guangzhou has inherited for many years. Every year on the first day of the fifth lunar month, dragon boats from Tianhe District, Panyu District, Haizhu District, Huangpu District and Yuexiu District will visit Zhucun. On the first day of the fifth lunar month, people in Zhucun held a "scenic spot", and dragon boats from all villages came to "watch the scenic spot". There are brother villages, old watch villages and friendly villages. In the following time, colorful dragons are flying and hundreds of people are fighting each other. On that day, nearly 100 dragon boats cruised in the Zhuxi River, feasting people on both sides of the strait. Another form is the dragon boat, which wins the bid in the competition, also called "bidding".

Chushuilong

Guangdong Dragon Boat is very particular about its production, and uses tough and light Kundian wood as its keel. After the annual dragon boat race, it will be buried at the bottom of the river near the village. Until the eighth day of the fourth lunar month, the legendary Buddha's birthday (Buddha Bath Festival), it will be presided over by the elders in the village. After the worship, young farmers will dig out dragon boats in the water, carry them ashore and polish them. This ceremony is called "Water Dragon".

Yanbu laolong

It is reported that 300 years ago, Dragon Boat Race, Yanbu Dragon Boat and Pantang Dragon Boat entered the finals. Yanbu Dragon Boat is about to win the championship. Unexpectedly, the young people on the dragon boat in Pantang jumped into the water to win the pennant, and then took back the prize to roast the pig. When Pantang's father knew about it, he sent the roast pig back to Yanbu. The Yanbu people made comity again and again and returned the prize to Pantang. The two sides came and went, and finally an elder from Pantang said, "Please accept the gift of Yanbu. In the future, Yanbu and Pantang will be friends, and the deep friendship will be passed down from generation to generation. " So Yanbu Dragon Boat became the owner, and Pantang Dragon Boat became the owner. Legend has it that after this incident spread to Beijing, Empress Dowager Cixi gave the good name of "Yanbu Old Dragon" to Yanbu Dragon Boat.

Look at the description of "Yanbu Laolong" in a certain year;

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The * * in Pantangjing (the scene is a dragon boat activity) is the appearance of "Ye Qi" in the south China Sea. At about 10 in the morning, gongs and drums were loud, and two boats appeared first in front of the old dragon in Yanbu. According to reports, this is called "Dragon Label", which means dragon's paw. Then, a magnificent black "old dragon" slowly rowed over, attracting cheers from the villagers on both sides of Pantang. Three or four old people rowed boats to greet them and hung red flowers for the old dragon hairpin in Yanbu. Enthusiastic Pantang people also prepared two gifts for "Ye Qi", including a whole roast pig, shochu and "Pantang Five Show" with local characteristics. After receiving the gift, Lao Long also sent an invitation to Qizi, inviting Pantang Dragon Boat to participate in their "scenery" on the sixth day of the fifth lunar month, and returned its specialty "Kandelia candel".

After the flower of Lao Longchai hung red, she began to "Youlong" with the dragon boat in the neighboring village. At that time, enter the dragon was dragon, and the athletes raised their oars. Whenever the old dragon swims, the dragon boat next to it makes way, and the people on board and the old people on the shore also bow their heads politely.

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Wulonggong

In zhu cun, Guangzhou, there is a dragon boat named Dragon Boat King, which has a history of more than 200 years. This dragon boat is 15 cm wider and seven meters longer than the drum position of ordinary dragon boats. The ship's planks are also thickened, so people can walk from the bow to the stern along the side of the ship, and the "Dragon Boat King" is completely unaffected. Therefore, the "Dragon Boat King" is particularly stable when fighting against the wind and waves, and everyone is fighting. There is a beautiful talk that "Oolong gongs beat drums faster than the wind". In the past, when the "Five Dragon Duke" went there, the old people took their children to the "Five Dragon Duke" to get dragon boat water to drink. It is said that it can eliminate all diseases and keep healthy. "Five Dragons" became famous for a while. Every day when Wulong Gong sets out in Zhucun, he will put holy water in a holy water bag, and then before he sets out, he will soak the longan leaves in front of the Beidi Temple in Zhucun in the water and sprinkle them on the heads of dragon boat rowers, so as to be smooth, safe and auspicious. After the Dragon Boat Festival, holy water beans will be auctioned at a high price.

Riding a dragon

"Starting a dragon" is the first traditional custom of the Dragon Boat Festival, which has been circulating for about 300 years. Folklore chooses auspicious days. Early in the morning, Ding Zhuang and his father came to the boat bay (that is, the pier) where the pond was sunk last year, lit incense sticks, presented wine and fruits, and lit firecrackers. With the rumble of the dragon boat drums and gongs, Ding Zhuang rushed into the mud, weeding and digging mud, but scooped up the accumulated water until the boat slowly floated. Since the early tide has ebbed, it is generally necessary to wait until the afternoon or the next day when the tide rises. Take the boat out of the clearing, or erect it with a dragon frame, wash it with pomelo leaves or wormwood leaves water, then coat it with lard, tung oil and new paint for a few days to a week, and pick the green again and install the dragon tail usually used in the ancestral temple. Only in this way can the dragon boat shine. Traditional dragon boats can often be seen in villages and ports around Guangzhou. After days of rainy days, the dragon boat rose, and it was in the old city, Tianhe Chebei, Shipai and Liede; Haizhu Longtan, Tuhua and Zhou Xiao; Sha Chung and Hang Hau in Liwan; Huangpu Xiasha, Shuanggang and Nanwan. 100 More than one dragon boat came out one after another.

Xinbao craft

The old customs in Guangzhou generally began before the Dragon Boat Festival. On the first day, ancestors were sacrificed, and on the second day, gifts were given, including zongzi, wine and meat, sachets and so on. Married women should put zongzi, fruit, pork and wine in a "full box" and send them back to their parents' home. At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, private school students also gave the above gifts to their husbands as usual. These customs are rare in cities after 1949, but they still exist in rural areas. During festivals, girls and children often wear sachets embroidered with five-color silk thread, which are usually made by newly-married women and presented to relatives and friends, commonly known as "new handicrafts". The sachet contains medicinal powder, cinnabar, realgar, etc. To ward off evil spirits.

Guangzhou grain general manager

Zongzi is an essential food for the Dragon Boat Festival. It is said that it is related to the memorial to Qu Yuan, and it is everywhere. There are three kinds of zongzi in Guangfu area: bacon zongzi, alkaline zongzi and steamed zongzi. Jiaozi with meat stuffing is made of glutinous rice, pork, mung bean, spiced powder, etc. , wrapped in the leaves of Miscanthus, shaped like a grave. Alkaline glutinous rice balls are made by soaking glutinous rice in alkaline water or plant ash, and wrapping them with Miscanthus leaves into a triangular cone, commonly known as triangular glutinous rice balls; Some with bean paste stuffing, some without stuffing, eat with white sugar or sugar gum, golden and smooth, unique; Steamed dumplings are a specialty of Zhaoqing, wrapped in lotus leaves unique to the local area. The materials used are more exquisite than those used to cook zongzi. In addition to the ingredients of salty zongzi, there are millet, salted egg yolk, mushrooms and so on, all of which are square. Its biggest feature is the lotus leaf wrapped in zongzi, which will leave a fragrance after cooking and is very delicious.

Noon symbol

At noon on the old Dragon Boat Festival, every family posted "noon symbols" and generally asked Taoist priests to write in yellow paper as a means of exorcism. Most symbols are variants of Chinese characters. Then offering sacrifices to the gods with fruits and zongzi, burning wormwood to repel mosquitoes, and sprinkling realgar wine to kill insects. In addition, vermilion and realgar wine are mixed and painted on the child's forehead, chest and palm, which is said to ward off evil spirits.

Longchuan rice

Dragon boat rice is for the radial hand before the dragon boat race on the fourth day and night. After the dragon boat came out of the water, it traveled around the country on the third and fourth days. When visiting neighboring villages with good relations, the host village will greet them with courtesy, set off firecrackers, beat gongs and drums, entertain guests with "Dragon Bridge Cake" (similar to walnut cake) at noon, and entertain guests with roast pork and chicken at dinner to wish each other success. After the fifth game, on the seventh and eighth days, I went to the suburb of Huangzhuqi to worship the Dragon Mother. Because the eighth day of May is the birthday of the Dragon Mother, there is a saying in Guangzhou: "Lettuce party in the first month, Dragon Mother's birthday in May", which is the two major folk birthday parties in Guangfu area. At that time, there was a Dragon Mother Temple in Huangzhuqi, South China Sea, and the nearby river was very wide. After worshipping the Dragon Mother, there will be a "Mianlong Festival" and then a dragon boat race.

Dragon Boat Racing

Driving a dragon to win gold: also known as dragon boat racing, the masterpiece of He Liutang, a famous musician in Guangdong. Guangdong music is widely circulated, and it is also one of the representative works of Guangdong music in its prosperous period. "Sailong Wins Hsi Chin" was originally a music of bamboo and silk. Later, in order to express the momentum of music, it was adapted into an ensemble form of percussion instruments, and suona and percussion instruments were added. The whole song is based on the tone of the first song, which is constantly derived and developed. Starting from the content of dragon boat race, drawing lessons from foreign composition techniques, a large number of methods such as progressive die and deformation are used, which are rare in China traditional music.

At the beginning of the music, suona blows a concluding introduction to indicate the start of the game. Then came the theme of music, which gradually became active and presented a lively scene of dragon boat racing. Then the competition officially began, and the atmosphere gradually became warm, and percussion music was added, depicting the image of the dragon boat advancing on the water; Then the speed is further accelerated and the rhythm is changeable, just like dragon boats chasing each other, and the atmosphere is quite warm. Finally, the suona symbolizing the end of the competition is sounded, and finally the tune of the previous paragraph is reproduced, showing that the dragon boat is free to ripple on the blue waves, which makes people feel happy.