Manchu customs

Manchu customs (simple) Manchu traditional houses are generally three rooms in the west, middle and east, with the gate facing south, the upper room in the west, the hall in the middle and the lower room in the east. There are three health in the west, namely, south, west and north. Xikanggui, Beikangda, Nankang Small. Visitors live in Xikang, elders live in Beikang, and younger generations live in Nankang.

Manchu people honor their elders and pay attention to etiquette. When they meet elders on the road, they should bow sideways and wait for them to pass by. Not only the younger generation should greet the elders, but also the younger generation should greet the elders. When relatives and friends meet, in addition to shaking hands to say hello, some people will also say hello. During the Spring Festival, there is a memorial service every two years, once on the evening of 30th, and once on the first day of New Year's Day, which is called welcoming the new year. Indoor Xikang is not allowed to sit and lie down and pile up sundries at will; Avoid beating, killing and eating dog meat; Guests who don't wear a dog skin hat or a dog skin mattress are forbidden to wear a dog skin hat or a dog skin sleeve.

On the inhabited areas, customs and national habits of Manchu people, pay attention to etiquette, bow sideways when you meet your elders on the road, and drop your hands to pay tribute until your elders pass by; Not only the younger generation should greet the elders, but also the younger generation should greet the elders. When relatives and friends meet, in addition to shaking hands to say hello, some people will also say hello. During the Spring Festival, we should worship once every two years, once on the evening of the 30th, once on the New Year's Day, which is called welcoming the new year. Indoor Xikang is not allowed to sit and lie down and pile up sundries at will; Avoid beating, killing and eating dog meat; Guests who don't wear a dog skin hat or a dog skin mattress are forbidden to wear a dog skin hat or a dog skin sleeve.

Manchu people regard the Western Wall as a sacred place to worship their ancestors, and are not allowed to hang clothes and paste New Year pictures here. Xikang, commonly known as Foyekang, has a ancestral board. It is forbidden for people, especially women, to sit and lie down casually. At ordinary times, Xikang does not allow guests to rest, and it is not allowed to put dog skin hats or whips here. Every New Year's Eve, the portraits of ancestors, commonly known as "old shadows", are hung on the walls of Westinghouse for sacrifice. Manchu, like Yao and Wa nationalities in southwest China, regards domestic dogs as important property and cannot be slaughtered easily. It is forbidden to beat, kill or eat dog meat. Traditional Manchu old people don't wear dog skin, don't spread dog skin, and avoid wearing dog skin or dog skin sleeves.

Don't cross the tripod of the stove and fireplace, don't trample or sit down on the stove or fireplace at will; Do not bake feet, socks, shoes and boots on the stove mouth or pond; It is forbidden to throw leftover food, bones, fishbones, etc. Put it in a cooker or fireplace.

What are the customs of Manchu people?

Dress

History of manchu has a long history and developed culture. Its elegant and gorgeous costumes are unique in China's national costume culture, which has a great influence on the development of China's costume culture.

Due to the cold living environment and the need of hunting life, Manchu people used to wear "horseshoe sleeves" robes regardless of gender. After Nurhachi established the Eight Banners System, the clothes of the "flag bearer" became "cheongsam" (called "clothing interface" in Manchu).

The styles of cheongsam in the early Qing Dynasty were generally collarless, broad-chested, waist-tied, left-slit and four-slit. It not only fits well, but also helps to ride and shoot. When hunting, you can also put dry food in front. This kind of cheongsam has two outstanding characteristics, one is collarless. In order to unify the clothing, Nurhachi once set a clothing system, which stipulated that "shawls and collars should be used for all court clothes, and only robes should be used for flat clothes." That is, uniforms can't have collars, and only royal dresses worn when entering the DPRK can add large collars shaped like shawls; Second, there is also a half-moon sleeve head with a long top and a short bottom at the narrow cuff, which looks like a horseshoe, commonly known as "horseshoe sleeve". It is also called "Arrow Sleeve" (called "Wow-ha" in Manchu) because it is put down to cover the back of the hand when hunting or fighting in winter, which not only keeps warm like gloves, but also does not affect archery. After the Manchu entered the Central Plains, "letting go of wow-ha" became a prescribed action in the etiquette of the Qing Dynasty. When officials enter the court to meet the emperor or other princes and ministers, they must first open their horseshoe sleeves and then bow down with their hands on their knees.

Cheongsam is also used to wearing a short gown, round neck, umbilical length, sleeve length and elbow length. Because this short jacket was originally worn when riding and shooting, it is convenient for riding and can keep out the cold, so it is named "jacket". In the early Qing Dynasty, the mandarin jacket was the "military uniform" of the soldiers of the Eight Banners, and later it became popular among the people, with the nature of formal clothes and uniforms, and the styles and fabrics were more diverse. Manchu people also like to wear vests outside cheongsam. In order to keep warm, vests are generally divided into cotton, clip-on and leather. There are many styles, such as double lapels, pipa lapels and twist lapels.

As a fashion in Qing Dynasty, Manchu women's cheongsam developed. At the beginning, in Beijing and other places, the practice of "eighteen inlays" prevailed, that is, eighteen hems were inlaid to look good, and the style became a wide robe and big sleeves; After the Revolution of 1911, the style of cheongsam changed from fat to thin. In the early 1930s, influenced by western short skirts, the length was shortened, close to the knees, and the cuffs were narrowed. In the mid-1930s, it was lengthened, with high forks on both sides, highlighting the beauty of curves; In the 1940s, it was shortened, and short-sleeved or sleeveless cheongsam appeared, with a streamlined appearance. After that, separate the pieces, including the shoulder seam and the sleeveless cheongsam skirt. Wide range of materials, cotton, wool, silk, hemp and various chemical fiber clothing materials can be used. In addition to long sleeves and short sleeves, cheongsam is also divided into leather, cotton, singles and clips, which is convenient for wearing in different seasons. After continuous improvement, the general styles of cheongsam are as follows: straight collar, narrow sleeves, big chest on the right, tripping, waist-binding, length below the knee, split on both sides; Pay attention to workmanship and color matching. The neckline, cuffs and hem are mostly embroidered with various patterns of lace. This not only sets off the beauty of women's figure, but also looks elegant and generous. Cheongsam with oriental colors has now become a popular Chinese dress for women in China.

Cheongsam, flag head and flag shoes together constitute the typical traditional dress of Manchu women.

"Flag head" refers to a hairstyle, also known as a crown. Fan-shaped, with iron wire or bamboo rattan as the hat frame and green satin, green velvet or green yarn as the surface, wrapped in a fan-shaped crown about 30 cm long and about 10 cm wide. It can be fixed on a bun when worn. Often embroidered with patterns, inlaid with jewels or decorated with various flowers, decorated with long tassels. The "flag head" is mostly used by Manchu upper-class women, and most women will think of it when they get married. Wearing this wide and long hair crown limits the twisting of the neck, makes the body straight and looks particularly dignified and steady, suitable for grand occasions.

"Flag shoes" have a unique style and are embroidered shoes with high wooden soles, also known as "high-top shoes", "flowerpot shoes" and "horseshoe shoes". Its wooden heel is generally about 5- 10 cm high, some can reach 14- 16 cm, and the highest can reach about 25 cm. Usually wrapped in white cloth, and then embedded in the middle of the soles of the feet. The heel bottom usually has two shapes, one is that the top is open and the bottom is convergent, showing the shape of an inverted trapezoidal flowerpot. The other is thin at the top and wide at the bottom, flat at the front and round at the back, with the appearance and landing marks like horseshoes. "Flower pot bottom" and "horseshoe bottom" shoes are named after this. In addition to embroidered patterns or decorative pieces such as cicada butterflies on the vamp, there are often embroidery or beading on the parts of wood that cannot follow the ground. Some toes are decorated with ears made of silk thread, which is as long as the ground. The high-heeled wooden sole of this kind of shoes is extremely strong, and the upper is often broken, but the sole is still intact, and it is still >>

What are the special customs of Manchu? Manchu customs The fertility customs of Manchu are basically the same as those of Han nationality, but due to the differences in geographical environment, lifestyle and religious beliefs, some unique customs of Manchu have been preserved. Manchu people believe in shamanism, so they have no children after 30, so they have to ask shaman for children. There are many taboos for women to get pregnant. You are not allowed to sit on pots and pans, windowsills, grinding tables, attending other people's weddings, or serving your ancestors. Before the baby is born, ask the shaman to pray to Foto's mother. The delivery room cannot be located in Westinghouse. When you give birth to a child, you should spread grass on the kang. When a child is born, it is called "becoming an outlaw". If the baby is a boy, hang an arc on the left side of the door (the branches are arched and a feather is inserted in the middle as an arrow), if it is a girl, hang a red cloth on the right side of the door. The day after a child is born, it is called "milking" to invite a woman with many children and good health to feed him for the first time. Then, on the third day, give the child a bath: give the child a bath with the water of Sophora branches and mugwort leaves and say some blessings. Then wipe the baby's body with ginger slices and mugwort leaves, and wipe the baby's gums with a new cloth dipped in tea, so that the baby cries for good luck. This is the so-called "ringing basin". Hit the baby three times with an onion, which means "one dozen clever, two clever, three bright". On the seventh day after the child is born, he should be carried to the rocking car. This day is called "boarding day". Rocker, also known as recreational vehicle. "Feeding and hanging children" is one of the "three eccentrics" in Kanto. It is convenient and safe to drive with children, which is a tradition left over from hunting life. After the child is one month old, it is necessary to make a "full moon", hang up the longevity lock, and get off the bus to name it; At the end of one hundred days, the bride's family gave one hundred steamed buns called "steaming (increasing) centenarians" and one hundred dollars called "centenarians' money". Manchu people have the custom of sleeping flat-headed, that is, letting the baby lie on his back and putting millet or sorghum in the pillow, each of which is a "sleeping head". After a long time, the back of the head becomes flat. When a child reaches the age of one, there is a gift of "grasping the week" to test his future ambition. In the past, Manchu people wanted to hang pig's teeth on their children from the time they were born, so that they could be healthy and die young. Before children are five years old, they must have a "XiShen" (family sacrifice). On this day, kill chickens to make cakes and sacrifice to ancestors. Another custom of Manchu is "changing locks". When a child is born, the bow, arrow and red cloth hanging outside the door will be taken back after the full moon, tied to the child's rope and put in the child's schoolbag in the western wall. When offering sacrifices to the Buddha's mother, the shaman pulled the offspring under the willow tree in the yard, and the shaman sprinkled willow branches on the children to drive away evil spirits. Then, put the colored thread on the children's rope on the children, and three days later, take it back and put it in the children's schoolbag. Because the colored thread is commonly known as "lock thread", it is commonly known as "lock change". Manchu is a nation that pays attention to etiquette, commonly known as "Manchu etiquette". The ancient customs of Manchu ancestors had the virtues of respecting the elderly, respecting the elderly, being hospitable and keeping promises, and accepted Confucianism and adhered to the feudal ethics of "Three Cardinals and Five Permits", forming a set of complicated and strict etiquette. Respecting elders is the traditional virtue of Manchu. Old people in Lu Yu will bow their heads and ask "Saiyin" (Manchu means "good"). On weekdays, please ask Xiao An for three days and Da An for five days. Please call Daan "Daqian" and "Ellada Lamy" in Manchu. The action is: first brush the arrow sleeve, the sleeve head hangs down, the left knee bends forward, the right leg bends backward, the head and upper body lean forward slightly, the left hand clings to the body and the right hand hangs down. Asking Ann is a greeting, that is, stepping down to say hello. When a woman salutes, her legs stand parallel, her hands are bent and her knees are slightly bent, showing a semi-squat shape, commonly known as "semi-squat". In the past, in Manchu aristocratic families, the younger generation paid New Year greetings to their elders every day, which was called "setting the province" and was divided into "saving the morning" and "good night". Waist-hugging ceremony is a great gift of Manchu people, also called hug-seeing ceremony. When saluting, the saluter grabs the first step with his right leg, his hands open, his left knee on the ground, his hands around the recipient's waist, and his head gently leans against the recipient's chest. The recipient bends slightly and caresses the giver's head with his hands. When people meet, they will touch their shoulders to show their closeness, commonly known as touching their shoulders. Jugongli is a great gift of Manchu people, also called "kowtow". Usually in important and solemn occasions, there are actions such as wiping sleeves, bowing down and kowtowing. It is necessary to knock three times to burn incense to the ancestors and three times to visit the emperor. Lala ceremony is a common ceremony for Manchu women. Generally, when two women of the same age meet, they will hold hands and greet each other. This is called "Lala ceremony". Bridging ceremony is a gift given by Manchu women when they meet their in-laws, guests and elders. When saluting, the woman touches her forehead three times with the fingers of her right hand from brow to sideburns, and then nods her head visually. Manchu has the custom of attaching importance to sister-in-law, and Manchu unmarried girls have a high status in the family. Manchu people are generous and hospitable. The guests came, warmly received and tried their best. In the northeast, people still serve in pairs and don't avoid breakfast. In places where Manchu people live in compact communities, between neighborhoods >>

Let's talk about Manchu customs first. In Youyang Tujia and Miao Autonomous County, Chongqing, their waving dance is very good. . Tens of thousands of people have danced together, so it is very grand. You can ask the people in Youyang to send you a picture or SP. Mine was accidentally deleted by me.

Miao costumes in different places have their own characteristics. Miao men in northwest Guizhou and northeast Yunnan wear patterned linen clothes and wool felt with geometric patterns on their shoulders; In other places, Miao men generally wear short clothes with double-breasted or left-breasted buttons. Wear trousers, a big belt, a long blue scarf on your head and more leggings on your feet in winter. Ancient Miao men wore long hair, tied their spines to their heads, inserted wooden combs or hairpins, and wore earrings, bracelets, collars and other ornaments. By the end of the Qing dynasty, they no longer tied their hair into a vertebral bun, and some changed their hair into a long braid. Miao women's dresses vary greatly from place to place, with dozens of styles. However, in most areas, women wear big collars and short coats and double-breasted skirts of different lengths, some of which are feet long and some are legs short, only seven or eight inches long. Some Miao people in Xiangxi, Songtao in Guizhou, Kaili, Damiaoshan in Guangxi and Xuanen in Hubei wear long-breasted right-back shirts and wide-leg pants. Miao people in western Hunan have collarless tops, wide lace embroidered on sleeves and trouser legs, plaid or blue headscarves wrapped around their heads, earrings, collars, bracelets and other ornaments. There are many styles of headdresses for Miao women, with various headscarves tied on the top of their heads, some wrapped in spires and domes, and some wrapped their hair on a bracket, standing high above their heads, which is unique. Their costumes are unique in Qiandongnan. They nailed silver ornaments on their clothes to form "silver clothes", and wore silver headdresses shaped like horns on their heads, which were as high as feet.

Miao people in southeastern Hainan, Xiangxi and Rongshui in Guangxi mainly eat rice, but also corn, sweet potato, millet and other miscellaneous grains. Miao people in northwest Guizhou, south Sichuan and northeast Yunnan live on corn, potatoes, buckwheat seeds and oats. Miao people in Qiandongnan sealed glutinous rice and vegetables together in an altar and ate them after one or two months. This is a kind of pickle with unique flavor. The hobby of drinking is very common. In case of weddings, funerals and celebrations or visits from relatives and friends, guests should be entertained with wine.

Miao architecture also varies from place to place. Residents in Qiandongnan Prefecture live in wooden bungalows and buildings. Buildings are generally two-storeyed, and the building forms are mostly "suspended stilts" (that is, piles are erected according to the slope of the hillside), and the roof is double-inclined. Store grain and sundries in the upper ceiling, pile sundries under the diaojiao building or keep livestock in captivity. Xiangxi and Songtao, Guizhou and other places, adopt wooden structure, double inclined tile roof or grass roof bungalows, each with 3-5 rooms, which is the "partial building" of cooking stoves or livestock pens. In the past, landlords or wealthy families also built courtyards and built high walls or stone pagodas to protect them. The walls of Miao residential buildings in Wenshan, Yunnan Province are mostly woven with bamboo strips, covered with mud and with flat grass roofs. Most Miao residents in Zhaotong live in "Quanquanfang", that is, houses with several trunks crossed with thatch, woven with branches or bamboo, and pasted with mud into walls. Generally, it is divided into two rooms, one for people and one for animals. Miao people in Hainan Island live in long and narrow thatched houses with three rooms on the first floor and a long eaves. The corridor under the eaves is a place to rest. Most Miao people in southern Sichuan and northwestern Guizhou live in houses with grass roofs or tile roofs.

Miao people are generally monogamous families, and the property is inherited by men, and housewives enjoy more power and status in the family. Older parents are usually supported by younger children. In some areas, fathers and sons have the habit of sharing the same surname, the son's first name and the father's last name. Usually only call your real name, not your father's name. Influenced by the patriarchal feudalism of the Han nationality, some established word generations, ancestral halls and genealogies. Young Miao men and women are relatively free in marriage. Young men and women are free to sing, fall in love and get married through social activities such as "traveling in southeastern Guizhou", "sitting in a village" (Rongshui, Guangxi), "stepping on the moon" (Wenshan and Chuxiong, Yunnan), "jumping flowers" (central Guizhou and western Guizhou) and "meeting girls" (western Hunan). Chuxiong, Yunnan and other places have a "girl room" system to choose a good couple. There are also parents who arrange marriages, usually through relatives and friends. Miao women have the custom of "staying at home" after marriage, especially in Qiandongnan, which still has reservations. In some areas, Miao people also have customs such as "returning girls", "changing houses" and "marrying wives and sisters".

There are many taboos in Manchu life, and taboos are regarded as impolite.

Manchu people are not interested in wearing a dog fur hat to eat dog meat, and they are most afraid of others wearing dogs.

The fur hat entered the house. No one is allowed to sit casually on Xikang. There is a dragon-locking staff in the yard.

Don't tie animals, etc.

Introduction to Manchu inhabited areas, customs ***98 words are too few to use.