What is the human brain?

Also known as the telencephalon, the main part of the vertebrate brain of the higher nervous system, composed of the left and right hemispheres, in humans for the largest part of the brain, is the control of movement, sensation and the realization of the higher brain functions of the higher nerve center. The vertebrate telencephalon is a thin-walled bulging part of the head end of the neural tube in the embryo, and later develops into the two hemispheres of the brain, which mainly includes the cerebral cortex and the basal nuclei. The cerebral cortex is the gray matter that covers the surface of the telencephalon and consists mainly of neuronal bodies. The deeper part of the cortex consists of medulla or white matter formed by nerve fibers. Within the medulla are the gray matter masses, the basal nuclei, of which the striatum is a major part. Broadly speaking, the brain refers to all brain structures above the cerebellar vermis, i.e., the telencephalon, the mesencephalon, and part of the midbrain (see central nervous system).

The brain consists of about 14 billion cells, weighing about 1400 grams, the thickness of the cerebral cortex is about 2--3 millimeters, with a total area of about 2200 square centimeters, and it is estimated that brain cells die about 100,000 per day (the less the brain, the more brain cells die). The capacity of a person's brain to store information is equivalent to 10,000 collection of 10 million books in the library, the previous point of view is that the most adept at using the brain of the people, only 10% of the life of the brain capacity to use up, but modern science has proved that this point of view is wrong, human beings on their own brain utilization is 100%, the brain does not have unused cells. The main component of the human brain is water, which accounts for 80%. It is only 2% of the body weight, but the oxygen consumption of 25% of the body's oxygen consumption, blood flow accounted for 15% of the blood transfusion of the heart, the blood flow through the brain in a day for 2000 liters. The energy consumed by the brain is equivalent to about 25 watts of electrical power

Brain structure

The brain mainly consists of the left and right cerebral hemispheres, and is the highest part of the central nervous system. The human brain is an organ of thought and consciousness developed over a long period of evolution. The shape and lobulation of the cerebral hemispheresThe left and right cerebral hemispheres are connected by the corpus callosum. The cavities within the hemispheres are called lateral ventricles and they are connected to the third ventricle by means of interventricular foramina. Each hemisphere has three surfaces, the bulging dorsolateral surface, the vertical medial surface, and the concave bottom surface. The dorsolateral surface is bounded by the upper edge of the medial surface and the dorsolateral surface is bounded by the lower edge of the basal surface. The surface of the hemisphere is uneven and covered with grooves and fissures of different depths, and the elevation between the grooves and fissures is called the cerebral gyrus. The main sulci on the dorsolateral surface are: the central sulcus slopes forward and downward from near the midpoint of the superior margin; the lateral cerebral fissure originates from the bottom surface of the hemisphere, and turns to the lateral surface and slopes from anteriorly downward to posteriorly upward. On the medial side of the hemisphere there is the parieto-occipital fissure slanting forward and downward from posteriorly superior; and the talar fissure connecting the parieto-occipital fissure from posteriorly forward to reach posteriorly near the occipital pole. These sulci divide the cerebral hemisphere into five lobes: namely, the frontal lobe before the central sulcus and above the lateral fissure; the temporal lobe below the lateral fissure; the occipital lobe posterior to the parieto-occipital fissure and the parietal lobe above the lateral fissure and between the central sulcus and the parieto-occipital fissure; and the insula, which is y hidden in the lateral fissure. In addition, bounded by the central sulcus, between the central sulcus and the precentral sulcus is the precentral gyrus; between the central sulcus and the postcentral sulcus is the postcentral gyrus.

Internal structure of the cerebral hemispheres

1. Gray matter: A layer of gray matter covering the surface of the cerebral hemispheres is called the cerebral cortex, and it is the place where the neuronal corpuscles are concentrated. The distribution of these neurons in the cortex has a strict hierarchy. The paleocortex on the inner side of the cerebral hemisphere is simpler to differentiate, and generally has only three layers: ① molecular layer; ② pyramidal cell layer; ③ polymorphic cell layer. The neocortex on the outer side of the cerebral hemisphere is more differentiated, and *** there are six layers: ① molecular layer (also known as the band layer); ② outer granular layer; ③ outer pyramidal cell layer; ④ inner granular layer; ⑤ inner pyramidal cell layer (also known as the ganglion cell layer); and ⑥ polymorphic cell layer.

2. The deep side of the cortex is white matter, and within the white matter there are gray matter nuclei, which are close to the base of the brain and are called the basal nuclei (or basal ganglia). The basal nuclei are dominated by the striatum. The striatum consists of the caudate nucleus and the nucleus pulposus. The caudate nucleus is thick at the anterior end and thin at the caudal end, curving and encircling the thalamus; the leguminous nucleus is located on the lateral side of the caudate nucleus and thalamus, and is subdivided into the pallid globe and the shell nucleus. The caudate nucleus and shell nucleus appeared later in germplasmogenesis (i.e., animal evolution) and are called the neostriatum, while the pallidum appeared earlier in germplasmogenesis and is called the old striatum. The main function of the striatum is to coordinate the movements of the muscles and to maintain a certain posture of the body.

Why does the "left brain" control the right side of the body?

●As shown in the figure: If the "brain" controls the "body" "in parallel", once one side of the brain is damaged, the corresponding "body" will not be able to control the "brain". body" will not be able to "control", while if the following is "crossed", it can still be "controlled".

●Of course, the neural connections between the brain and the body are not directly "crossed", or else there would be "control confusion"; so the nerve cells are connected together in sections, with only a very small gap in the middle to allow some neurotransmitters, etc. to pass through. neurotransmitters, etc.

●And such a structure is the most optimized structure; because this way, before the brain is injured, it can accurately control the corresponding body; but once the brain is injured, after the action of all kinds of neurotransmitters, especially adrenaline, it will make no brain. But once the brain is injured, through the action of various "neurotransmitters", especially "adrenaline", the nerves that are not controlled by the brain will break, grow, and finally reconnect with the healthy nerves of the brain.

●At this point you may be thinking: If they were parallel, wouldn't it be better if they grew back to be cross-linked after the brain damage? However, in contrast, the "cross" recovery is faster, because distance is a big and small thing; so since there is a better way to recover, evolution has chosen it.

●But nerve reconnection has a different recovery period depending on the age of the person; childhood is the best time to recover, while adults have a harder time.

●Medical practice cases: there are several cases in the world of people who have only "half a brain", but their lives are not affected much (usually brain surgery is done in childhood); there are also cases of adults who have damage to one side of the brain, and gradually recovered; you can look for the video material of the neurological aspect of DISCOVERY brain on the Internet to get a clear picture of it. You can find DISCOVERY on the internet to make the video information clear.

●From "The Complete Civilization X-Files", an absolutely confidential archive of "concrete discoveries" made as a result of research into the nature and laws of everything in nature

How does the brain come into being?

Because, in order to "avoid danger", when a living thing encounters something, it starts to "buffer", slow down its "reaction", and "compare and analyze" it. "Comparative analysis", and finally react. And this "buffer" time is more and more, corresponding to the "buffer nerve" is also more and more, so the formation of the "brain".

●From the "X-Files of All Civilizations", an absolutely confidential archive that records the "concrete discoveries" made as a result of research into the nature and laws of nature

Why are there so many "folds" in the brain? "folds" in the brain?

Because the nerves that connect to the brain come from different parts of the body, and the corresponding "neurons" are constantly "growing", so it's like a whole bunch of "neighboring" "threads" that are connected to the brain. "line segments" are constantly "elongating" and "squeezing" together, and finally the inevitable formation of "folds "

●From the "All Civilizations X-Files", an absolutely confidential archive of "concrete discoveries" made as a result of research into the nature and laws of nature

Why are so many animals right-handed? "right-handed"?

●If it is a common phenomenon throughout the "animal kingdom", then it must have "evolved", and in order to "evolve", there must have been a "relatively stable "relatively stable" factor "influencing" their use of the "right hand", so what is the "factor"? "And what is that factor? The Sun! The illustration on the right will show you that most of the time we are active, the "object" only receives more "light" in the direction of our "right hand". "So, according to the "animal" instinct of "avoiding dangers", we will choose The "visible" side to "touch" it. Over time, the "frequency" of using the "right hand" is naturally higher than that of using the "left hand", and this is how it "evolved". The "right hand" is the right hand, and the "left hand" is the right hand, and that's how it evolved.

●Counter-example: In the Arctic, almost all animals that need to use their forelimbs are left-handed. Almost all the people of a "tribe" in the Russian "Arctic" are left-handed. （This is because the light in the Arctic is directed in the opposite direction, southeast.

●From the "All Civilizations X-Files", an absolutely confidential file that records "concrete discoveries" made as a result of research into the nature and laws of everything in nature

What is the real reason for the "division of labor in the brain"? What is the real reason for the "division of labor in the brain"?

Why is it that "right-handed people" have their "language" and "rational-logical" functions in the "left brain", while "right-handed people" have their "language" and "rational-logical" functions in the "left brain"? "and "spatial" and "musical" functions are in the "right brain"? And "left-handedness" is almost the opposite?

●Because we do things logically, and because various things require different "reaction speeds", they are naturally divided into "thinking carefully" and "reacting quickly". "Rational logic" which requires "slow reaction speed" and "fast reaction speed" which requires "no thinking". and "emotional logic" which is "fast" and "doesn't need to think". Some of the "rational logic" will be upgraded to "emotional logic" to make all kinds of "judgments" quickly. Each of them becomes a "system", for example: we will think "He hits me because he hates me", "He hits me, then I run", "I don't like him, so I ignore him", "I don't like him, so I run", "I don't like him, so I ignore him", "I don't like him". I don't like him, so I'll ignore him", etc. These are all "emotional logic". They have become a systematic connection. The real "ideal logic" is: "Why does he hate me, and what are these reasons?" "Why, when he hits me, do I have to run?" "Why don't I like him that way?" etc.,Logic that takes a long time to observe and think about.

●And each "logic point" is to correspond to a number of "brain cells", since "rational logic" and "emotional logic" are each "brain cells". Since "rational logic" and "perceptual logic" each form a "system", then their corresponding "nerve cells" must also form a system. So we find that the system of "rational logic" is in the "left brain" relative to "right-handedness", and "perceptual logic" is in the "left brain", while "perceptual logic" is in the "left brain". "is in the "right brain".

◆Why, then, is the system of "rational logic" of the "right-handed person" in the "left brain" and not in the "right brain"?

◆Then why is the right-handed person's "rational logic" system in the "left brain" and not the "right brain"?

●This is because the left brain corresponds to the right hand, and for right-handed people, the right hand has access to the "right hand". "The "sense" (the smallest particles of sensation) obtained by the "right hand" is much richer than that of the "left hand", believe it or not, think about it. When you want to "touch" something, do you reach over with your right hand? Rational analysis" and "rational logic" need to use a lot of "sensors", so naturally we find the "sensors" that have more "sensors" and "sensors". So naturally, we find the "left brain" which has more "sensors". And of course "left-handedness" is just the "opposite".

●From "The X-Files of All Civilizations," an absolutely secret archive of "concrete discoveries" made as a result of research into the nature and laws of all things in nature

The Function of the Brain

For many years, the human brain has been the subject of a great deal of research by scientists, who have been trying to find out how to use it. The human brain has been an important area of research for scientists. According to the latest research, the brain's main function is to analyze output samples, which can light up the thalamus of the thalamus to produce consciousness. Currently, brain scientists recognize that the human brain still has a great deal of potential to be tapped. Not long ago, Dr. Bruce Miller of the University of California reportedly succeeded in discovering the "genius button" in the human brain. Miller in his own laboratory on the 72 for various reasons to make the brain has been damaged patients to carry out research, found a law - once a person's right temporal injuries, it is possible to become a genius in a certain field. For example, a 9-year-old boy became a gifted mechanic after part of his brain was damaged; and a 56-year-old engineer became a great painter after part of the neurons in the cortex of the right hemisphere of his brain was damaged due to illness. Dr. Miller believes that this is because after the necrosis of the damaged neurons, the talent of the "genius area" of the brain, which had been suppressed for a lifetime, was released. The corpus callosum, which connects the left and right hemispheres of the brain, has the function of information communication, through which the left and right hemispheres exchange information. Once a patient was tortured by epilepsy, scientists decided to remove the corpus callosum, one may be able to solve the patient's pain, and the other can study the role of the corpus callosum on the brain. As a result, after the removal of the patient's pain relief, and follow-up observations also found that the patient's two hemispheres of the brain, "each on their own", do not interfere with each other, and do not know what the other is doing. In other words, the patient was using the left hemisphere of the brain, but did not know what kind of information his right brain was getting.

The brain is divided into the ancient brain and the new brain. Ancient brain is the center part of the brain, equivalent to what is now called the medullary part of the brain and the spinal cord nerves, is the seat of the center of life, is the brain that existed before human beings did not become human beings; the new brain is the marginal part of the human brain, equivalent to the cortical part of the brain, which has been produced on earth for at least five million years, although it has changed very much in the past five million years, but it has been according to some of the characteristics of the ancient brain in the Change, that is to say, it is a function of the ancient brain on the expansion, this change is not out of nowhere, can be seen, the current bird IQ is not very high, but very good at chirping, this chirping generally in the ancient brain has produced its function, in the new brain just makes this function can change only. The new brain is what makes humans highly intelligent. The ancient brain relies on the mother clock of the biological clock to function, and the new brain relies on stimulation to function, but they can interact with each other. The new brain can cause the ancient brain to change its function, such as speeding up the heartbeat and breathing, etc., and the ancient brain can cause the new brain to be stunted in its development and function, such as in the case of a child born with dementia.

Stimulation leads to the production of tags, which are stored in the brain on the membranes of nerve cells in the form of chains, usually sugar or fat chains. Each tally block has at least one chain, for example 1 is a chain, 2 is a chain, + is a chain, = is a chain, 3 is a chain, these chains are generally located in one position (proximity), 1+2=3 is another chain, that is to say this latter chain is a kind of chain of thought because it is the result of thinking, it is the result of your brain placing the 1 tally, the 2 tally, the + tally in the rule of thought "=" under the control of the combination, in the thinking center, 123 + = are all there, they are what you learned in the student stage, in elementary school, you first learned 1 + 2 = 3 is a kind of thinking, in later years, it is not thinking, but a kind of recollection, in fact, in the membrane of the nerve cell, it is already a fixed block of memory, and no longer needs to be thought.

Functions of the left and right cerebral hemispheres

Functions of the left cerebral hemisphere Functions of the right cerebral hemisphere

Controls the right side of the body Controls the left side of the body

Processes inputs sequentially and analytically Processes inputs holistically and in abstraction

Time perception Spatial perception

Produces spoken language Through posture, facial expressions, emotions, and body language to express language

Performs invariant and arithmetic operations Performs inferential and mathematical operations

Actively constructs false memories Recalls based on truth

Searches for hypotheses as to why things happen Places things in spatial schema

Excellent at eliciting attention to respond to external stimuli Excels at internal processing