What are the poems of traditional culture? Nervous (short for jittery)

The original meaning of "ancient poetry" is a poem written by ancient people. Before and after Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, there appeared a number of five-character poems written by scholars before Wei and Jin, which had no title and no author. Most of them are lyric poems with unique expressive techniques and artistic styles, which are collectively called "ancient poems". Shen Deqian in Qing Dynasty said, "Nineteen ancient poems are not the words of one person. I abandoned my wife at a high rate, my friends were rich, I wandered abroad, and I felt a sense of death and new things. Or fable, or express, or repeat. There is no whimsy at the beginning, and every sentence is thrilling. The ancient poems of Xijing are all under it. " During the Jin and Song Dynasties, these "archaic poems" were regarded as models of five-character poems. Lu Ji once imitated 12 sentence by sentence. Tao Yuanming in the Eastern Jin Dynasty and Bao Zhao in the Song Dynasty. There are "quasi-classical poems" that study the skills and styles of "classical poems". In the Liang Dynasty, Liu Xie's Wen Xin Diao Long and Zhong Rong's Shi Pin theoretically summarized and evaluated the artistic characteristics and value of "ancient poetry", and discussed its author, era and origin, which were generally recognized as works of the Han Dynasty. At the same time, Xiao Tong's Selected Works and Chen's Xu Ling Yutai's New Poetry define the scope of "ancient poetry" from the classification of poetry: all works without clear titles are called "miscellaneous poetry" by the author and "ancient poetry" by anonymous people. Therefore, after Liang and Chen, "ancient poetry" has formed a special name with a specific meaning. It is the same as the two Han Yuefu songs, referring to the five-character poem written by Wu Ming in the Han Dynasty, which has developed into a poetic style with the artistic characteristics of "ancient poetry". Nineteen Ancient Poems occupies a representative position in the history of literature, and this title has also become a topic name.

[Edit this paragraph] Ancient poetry style, also known as ancient style.

The ancient poetic style before the Tang Dynasty is a poetic style that does not pay attention to meter and has no limitation on the number of words and sentences. After the Tang Dynasty, due to the appearance of modern poetry, poets deliberately imitated the writing style of ancient poetry in the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties in order to distinguish ancient poetry from new metrical poetry, and restricted it in some aspects, thus forming a fixed pattern of ancient poetry in the Tang Dynasty. As a result, the completely free poetic style before the Tang Dynasty was changed into a semi-free poem between metrical poetry and free poetry.

The number of words and lines in classical poetry;

Classical poetry has no fixed verse and style. All ancient poems are classified according to the number of words in the poem. Four-character ancient poems are referred to as four-character ancient poems for short; Five-character ancient poems are referred to as five-character ancient poems for short; Seven-character ancient poems are referred to as seven-character ancient poems for short. Four-character poems were adopted by people as early as the Book of Songs. But it gradually declined in the Tang Dynasty, and few people wrote it. Therefore, ancient poetry is still expressed in five words and seven words.

Five-character ancient poetry is the orthodoxy of ancient poetry, and many people write it.

Seven-character ancient poetry is not the mainstream of classical poetry, because it originated late. Therefore, the seven-character style is greatly influenced by the seven-character modern poetry.

Five-character ancient poems and seven-character ancient poems are both ancient poems with neat words. There is also a kind of ancient poetry with mixed words, and the length between the lines is different and uneven.

[Edit this paragraph] Ancient poetry includes the following contents:

In time, it refers to 1840 China's poems before the Opium War. From the perspective of meter, ancient poetry can be divided into ancient poetry and modern poetry. Ci was invented by Song people, also called long and short sentences. Ancient poetry is also called ancient poetry or ancient style; Modern poetry is also called modern poetry.

Poetry in ancient style

Classical poetry is written in the style of ancient poetry. In the eyes of the Tang people, everything from the Book of Songs to Yu Xin in the Southern and Northern Dynasties is ancient. Therefore, there is no certain standard for the so-called ancient poetry style. However, the ancient poems written by poets are consistent in one thing, that is, they are not bound by the rhythm of modern poetry. A kind of metrical poem, which began to form in the early Tang Dynasty, has strict rules on the number of words, rhyme and antithesis, which is what we call modern poetry. Modern poetry is relative to ancient poetry. Poets in the Tang Dynasty and beyond still wrote classical poems. We can say. Anything that is not bound by the near-body meter is an ancient poem. Classical poetry is divided into four-character poems, five-character poems and seven-character poems. Modern poetry is divided into quatrains and metrical poems.

"Modern Style" Poetry

Modern poetry is divided into metrical poems and quatrains. The difference between metrical poems and quatrains mainly lies in the number of sentences. There are four quatrains and eight rhyming poems. There are eight metrical poems, one or two of which are the first couplet, three or four are the parallel couplet, five or six are the neck couplet, and seven or eight are the tail couplet. Quatrains are also called "sentence cutting". Sonnets may or may not be antagonistic, but they must be antagonistic to each other. Both quatrains and quatrains require even numbers. A metrical poem with more than eight sentences is called arrangement.

Here are some classic poems:

Cut plums

Li Qingzhao

Red lotus root is fragrant and jade is lingering in autumn. I can untie Luo Shang and go to the Dutch boat alone.

Who sent the brocade book, the word geese returned, and the moon was full of the West Building.

Flowers from Shui Piao to water, a kind of acacia, two places of leisure.

There is no way to eliminate this situation, only frown and mind.

It's hard to go.

Lipper

There are 1000 bottles of sake, 10,000 coins of jade plates.

I threw the food bar and cup aside. I couldn't eat or drink. I pulled out my dagger. I peeped in four directions in vain.

I want to cross the Yellow River, but ice will block the ferry and Taihang Mountain will be covered with snow.

I will sit on a fishing rod and lean lazily by the stream, but I suddenly dream of sailing a boat towards the sun.

It's hard to walk, it's hard to walk, a lot of roads, and today's safety.

One day, I will ride the wind and waves, raise the Yun Fan and cross the sea.

Invite for a drink

Lipper

Have you seen how the water of the Yellow River flows from the sky to the sea and never returns?

Have you seen the lovely hair in the bright mirror in the high room, although it is still silky black in the morning, it turns into snow at night?

Oh, let a man with spirit take risks where he wants to go, and never point his golden cup at the moon empty! .

Since God has given talents, let them be used! As for the money, although it is scattered, it will get together again.

Cook a sheep, kill a cow, sharpen your appetite, and let me, 300 bowls, take a big drink! .

Master Cen, Dan Qiusheng can drink and drink endlessly.

Let me sing you a song! Please listen to me.

What are bells and drums, delicacies and treasures? I hope I will never wake up.

The sober and sage of the old days were forgotten, and only the drinker kept his name.

Chen bought a barrel of wine with 10 thousand gold coins at a banquet in the temple, and everyone laughed and said one-liners

Why do you say, my master, your money is gone? , to buy wine, we drink together! .

Five flower horses, golden jubilee, give them to boys in exchange for good wine, and I will share with you the sorrow of the ages.

Climb the balcony

Du Fu

The wind is fast and high, the ape cries sadly, and the birds are circling in the white sand.

The endless trees are rustling leaves, and the Yangtze River is rolling unpredictably.

Li in the sad autumn scenery, a wanderer all the year round, lives alone on the high platform in today's illness.

After all the hardships and hatred, the white hair is full, and the wine glasses are damaged.

Leave an idea

Yuan Zhen

Once I tasted the vast sea, I felt that the water in other places was pale; Once you have experienced the clouds in Wushan, you feel that the clouds elsewhere are eclipsed.

Hurried through the flowers, lazy to look back; This reason is partly because of the ascetic monk, and partly because of who you used to be.

Seven step poem

Cao zhi

Boil beans and burn beans, and the beans cry in the pot.

We are born from the same root. What's the hurry?

Yanmen satrap

Li he

Enemy soldiers rolled in like dark clouds in an attempt to tear down the city wall; Our army was ready, and the sun shone on the armor, glittering with gold.

In autumn, the loud bugle sounded; The soldier's blood became dark in the night.

The red flag rolled half, and the reinforcements rushed to Xiao; The night frost is heavy and the drums are gloomy.

I want to report to you on the golden platform, and I want to take Yulong to your death.

gum arabic

When those red berries come in spring, they flush on your southern branches.

People who want to miss them collect more, and Mix red beans have attracted people's attention.

Persuasive learning

Yan Zhenqing

Night light, five chickens,

It's time for men to read.

Black hair didn't know to study hard,

Bai Shoufang regrets studying late.

Common sense of ancient poetry:

1. rhyme: rhyming words at the end of a verse sentence, such as the moonlight in front of Li Bai's "Thinking of a Quiet Night", are there already frost? Looking up, I found that it was moonlight and sank again, and I suddenly remembered home. The land of light and frost is rhyme.

2. Rhyme: Poetry rhymes to make the tone harmonious and beautiful. For example, Li Bai's "Silent Night Thinking" uses rhyme.

3. The structure of metrical poems: * * eight sentences, with one or two sentences as the head couplet, three or four sentences as the parallel couplet, five or six sentences as the neck couplet and seven or eight sentences as the tail couplet.

4. The rhythm and rhythm of ancient poetry:

Judging from the sentence pattern, the four words of ancient poetry are generally two and two; Five words are two, two and one; These seven characters are two, two, two, one,

In a sense, sometimes there are special circumstances due to ideographic needs, such as: Shila | Wuyue | Gai | Chicheng, and this is it.

Two, two, one, two

Because there are no punctuation marks in ancient poems (punctuation marks were added by later generations), one line is one sentence.

[Edit this paragraph] Two poetic sentences in middle school textbooks

On the Style of Ancient Poetry —— Also on the Two Poetic Styles in Middle School Textbooks

There are many styles of ancient poems in China, and there are different views on the classification and appellation of ancient poems. Especially for Yuefu, ancient style and ballad poetry, it is even more confusing. Because, from the formal point of view, Yuefu style and ancient style are both five-character styles, and seven-character ancient poems and ancient songs are all seven-character styles, so it is difficult to distinguish them. But since ancient times, people have unanimously recognized their differences in content, technique and style, and established their names.

In the second topic "Discussion and Practice" of Five Poems published by People's Education Edition 8th grade (Volume II), it is said that "The thatched cottage was broken by the autumn wind" and "A song of farewell to the field in the snow-the secretary Wu went home" are both poems with free form, fluent language and unrestrained style. Please talk about the similarities and differences between these two poems from the aspects of sentence pattern, narration and lyricism. "

The ninth grade (1) knowledge composition "How to read" said: "Du Fu's" Shi Qu Guan "has a wide meter, which is called ancient style ..."

The name here doesn't conform to the habit. People used to call Du Fu's Caotang "an ancient poem with seven words", while Cen Can's Bai Xuege was called "a poem with seven words". The editor also clearly saw the difference between the two poems, so this problem arose. Although Du Fu's "Three Officials and Three Farewells" are all five-character poems, people are used to calling Shi Hao officials "new Yuefu" instead of "ancient style". In order to understand this problem, it is necessary to make a brief review of the style of China's ancient poems.

China's earliest poetic style was The Book of Songs with four characters, and then the Chu Ci style represented by Qu Yuan's Li Sao (also known as Sao Style Poetry) appeared, which lengthened sentence patterns with the conjunction "zhi" and the modal particle "xi", such as "Xi, the descendant of Emperor Levin" (Li Sao) and "Wu Gexi is wearing a rhinoceros armour". Therefore, The Book of Songs and Songs of the South became the source of China's poems.

In the Han Dynasty, Yuefu, an organization specialized in collecting all kinds of poems and songs, appeared, and the most influential one it collected was folk poems, which we can still see today. Its biggest feature is strong reality, popular and lively, and its form is mainly five words. For example, the long songs in the eighth grade (1) textbook and "Drinking Horses in the Cave of the Great Wall" and "Joining the Army in the Tenth Five-Year Plan" in the high school textbook are authentic Han Yuefu. The content and style of Yuefu folk songs in Han dynasty influenced the poetry creation of literati at that time and later generations. By the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, there were 19 ancient poems representing the maturity of literati's five-character poems, which absorbed many characteristics of Yuefu folk songs and promoted the development of ancient poetry. Especially in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties and Tang Dynasty, the development and evolution of Han Yuefu formed two main forms.

One is "Ancient Yuefu" (also called "Old Yuefu"), which was created by literati with simulation. It borrows the title of Han Yuefu and writes new contents, just like old bottles and new wine, such as Cao Cao's Out of Xiamen (Part VII), Yang Jiong's Joining the Army and Li He's Wild Goose Gate. The characteristics of these poems are that although they follow the theme of Han Yuefu, the content is new and related to the original theme, such as "joining the army" related to military affairs, and "wild goose gate satrap" related to frontier fortress. The content of literati's quasi-Yuefu changed from narrative to lyrical in Han Dynasty. In terms of form and technique, it draws lessons from its vulgarity and elegance, adds literati color and improves artistic taste. Ancient Yuefu has two forms: five words and seven words. Seven-word Yuefu, an ancient poem, was first seen in Cao Pi's Ge Yan Xing in the Three Kingdoms Period, and it was not until Bao Zhao in the Qi and Liang Dynasties in the Southern Dynasties that he wrote Quasi Difficult Travel (18) and so on. Yuefu poems can be sung, and the seven-character Yuefu style is mainly chanting. In terms of content and length, it is generally long, and it is like flowing water when chanting. It can freely change the rhythm, making its content changeable, its structure turning, its momentum magnificent and its feelings colorful. This kind of poetic style is suitable for carrying large ideological content and expressing warm feelings. It not only has the characteristics of the popularity and liveliness of ancient Yuefu, but also focuses on expressing the voices of literati. Its form is mainly seven-character sentence pattern, and the miscellaneous words are colorful and cadenced, so people also call it "Gexing Style".

The other is mainly to learn from the narrative-oriented, realistic content characteristics and simple and popular expression characteristics of Han Yuefu to reflect the social reality at that time and attract people's attention to society. It no longer borrows the original name of Han Yuefu, but is named according to the different contents of the event. The so-called "life-threatening, hard to see." In the Tang Dynasty, Du Fu was concerned about state affairs and reflected the social reality before and after the Anshi Rebellion with his pen. He wrote many such poems, such as Chedian (high school), Sanguan (Tongguan official, Xin 'an official and Shihao official) and Sanbie, which mainly inherited the tradition of Han Yuefu in essence. Later, Yuan Jie, Gu Kuang and other poets also wrote such poems. In the middle Tang Dynasty, realistic poets such as Bai Juyi and Yuan Zhen, in order to save the decline of the country at that time, used their own poems to reflect the shortcomings of social reality, so as to attract the attention of the rulers, vigorously advocated these poetic forms of Du Fu and Yuan Jie, and launched the "New Yuefu Movement" with the title of "New Yuefu". They themselves have written many "new Yuefu", with five or seven sentences in form. For example, Bai Juyi's "Looking at Wheat Cutting" (Part 9), selling charcoal Weng, Xinfeng folding arm Weng and Du Lingcuo are all narrative and popular "new Yuefu style". Answer in the Bamboo Grove said: "Ancient poetry and Yuefu have been divided since the Han and Wei Dynasties. Yuefu syllables don't pass on, and the Tang people borrow old topics and new meanings every time. At least Ling doesn't attack old topics, such as "Three Officials" and "Three Farewells", which are really Yuefu. " (Continuation of Poems in Qing Dynasty, 2225 pages, Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House, 1983) Briefly points out the characteristics of new Yuefu poems.

There is another situation in literati's study of Han Yuefu, which mainly introduces the characteristics of Yuefu poetry into lyric ancient poems, reflecting the characteristics different from the previous five-character ancient poems. The representative work is Li Bai's "Ancient Style" (58 poems). From the formal point of view, "ancient style" is no different from five-character ancient poetry, but the lyrical content and way are different. When answering the difference between Yuefu and classical poetry in Zhao Zhixin's Yinpu in Qing Dynasty, he said: "There is a great difference between sound and emotion, and it takes more than half a minute to understand it here." (Qing Shihua 132, Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House 1963) "Sound and emotion" refers to the difference in content, emotion and charm. "Ou Bei Shi Hua" further pointed out: "Beggars' Yuefu is more committed to women's thoughts, and violets are deeper than Yuefu, so they can also inspire couples to bid farewell to the injured. However, they are all subtle and ancient ... they are short and meaningful, leaving a legacy of national style directly. Shaoling has no such taste. " It can be seen that Du Fu's "new Yuefu" is different from Li Bai's "ancient style", although both are influenced by "Han Yuefu". In the collection of Tang poems, there are few directly labeled "ancient style". "Ancient Style", "Five Words Ancient Style" and "New Yuefu" are free in form and don't talk about meter, so there is no problem of "wide meter".

There are also two situations when the seven-character song style developed to the Tang Dynasty. Because "metrical poetry" appeared in the Tang Dynasty (also called "modern poetry" to distinguish it from "ancient poetry" that didn't talk about metrical poetry before), one kind deliberately introduced some syntax and techniques of metrical poetry into ancient poetry, and the other kind deliberately avoided it. Traditionally, people refer to the former as "Seven-character Song Style" and the latter as "Seven-character Ancient Poems".

On the basis of inheriting the magnificent poetic style of Qi and Liang Dynasties in the Southern Dynasties, some poets in the early Tang Dynasty tried to introduce the sentence patterns and antithesis of seven-character rhythmic poems into their singing style, resulting in such famous works as Lu's Ancient Meaning Chang 'an, Luo's Poems on the Palace and Zhang's Moonlit Night on the Spring River, which are magnificent in length and momentum, and their scattered sentences are mixed with metrical and antithesis, reflecting the vast society. In the prosperous Tang Dynasty, Gao Shi and others wrote a large number of frontier poems on this theme, such as Gao Shi's Travel, Cen's Bai Xuege Farewell to Taiwei Wu's Hometown (eight times) and Ben Ma He Song Farewell to Feng, the general of the Western Expedition (nine times). These poems give full play to the characteristics of "early Tang style", with rich and magnificent content, unrestrained feelings, magnificent images, diverse techniques and unique language. In the middle Tang Dynasty, Bai Juyi and others incorporated narrative elements into this style and wrote such famous works as Song of Eternal Sorrow and Pipa Story. Seven-character quatrains have made new progress. Until the early Qing Dynasty, Wu (No.Meicun) wrote Yuan Yuan Qu, He Yong Palace Ci, Xiao Shi Qing Men Qu, and Listening to the Female Taoist Bian Yujing Playing the Piano in this poetic style. He praised history with poems, paid more attention to skills in form, used colorful words, and formed a colorful and changeable artistic style, which was beautiful and touching, and even sung in seven words. By the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, Wang Guowei and others had written poems such as The Summer Palace Ci in this style.

On the other hand, poets such as Du Fu and Han Yu consciously avoid the syntactic sentences of the seven-character Yuefu physical rhythm poems to reflect the quaint and simple style characteristics, and often adopt loose sentences and three-level endings (such as "San Mao", "Changlinding", "Sink Pool" and "Sigh"). In terms of content and style, this kind of poetry is often based on realistic themes and deep and depressed feelings, which is different from the rich romantic color of the previous kind of songs. However, it pays attention to the grandeur of content, the boldness and agitation of momentum and emotion, and the changeable structural transition, which conforms to the overall characteristics of the seven-character style. For example, Du Fu's Autumn Wind Breaking the Cottage (eight times), Li Yi's Going to the Temple of Heaven to See the Sea at Night, Han Yu's Mountain Rock, Lu Tong's Poem of Eclipse, Mid-Autumn Festival Giving Zhang and Hengshan Temple Stopping, I'm going to write this poem at the gatehouse, and I'm going to urge you to send new tea, etc., all have such characteristics, which are customarily called.

There are many discussions about the difference between seven-character quatrains and seven-character ancient poems. In Liu Xizai's poems, the characteristics of these two types are divided into: "There are seven ancient poems, which can be said to be nearly two ancient poems. Close to the body, parallel, harmonious, beautiful and smooth; The ancient style is simple, awkward, thin and energetic. One is handsome and the other is muscular. This is the difference between Qi Liang and Han Wei, which is why the early Tang Dynasty and the prosperous Tang Dynasty are different. " (Continued on page 2436 of Qing Shi Hua) The "ancient" here refers to the seven-character ancient style similar to the "autumn wind breaking the thatched cottage song", which inherits the simple and substantial characteristics of ancient poems in Han and Wei Dynasties; "Jin" refers to the seven-character swan song style developed from the "early Tang style" and inherits the ingenious and beautiful characteristics of the Qi and Liang Dynasties. It can be said that this is the fruit of two different flavors on the big tree of seven-character Yuefu poems in the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties.

The above is probably the basic overview of China's ancient poetry, which, together with the modern poetry with strict meter in the Tang Dynasty, has become the basic form of China's ancient poetry.

There are many classic poems in Runwu. This is the case with ancient poetry.

Ancient poetry is one of the cultural heritages of Chinese medicine. I hope you don't forget! ! !