What are the contents of the theory of the development of state relations?

The so-called international relations are the relations between countries and between countries and non-state actors, but in the theoretical study of international politics, the relations between modern sovereign nation-states generally include their economic, political, cultural, military, diplomatic and security relations, but in the study of international politics, they generally pay more attention to their political and military security. Therefore, the theme of the knowledge pedigree of international relations is conflict and cooperation, or war and peace. The macro-development route has gradually developed from realism to the main axis of international political science research, to neo-realism, neo-liberalism and social constructivism.

First, the historical evolution of the development of international relations theory

The painful cost of World War I has aroused people's profound reflection. People hope to build an international society without war. This long-cherished wish is embodied in the "14 Point Plan" put forward by President Wilson in 19 18. The core of its idealism is to establish a supranational organization that can safeguard world peace, which is embodied in the establishment of the League of Nations. The ideas of national self-determination, free trade and international organizations in Wilson's idealism greatly influenced the later development of liberalism. However, his idealism is mostly some thoughts and policy suggestions about state relations, and there is still a long way to go to develop into a modern theory of international relations. The development of international relations theory can be represented by the following figure:

The initial stage of the theory of international relations is the rise of idealism, namely 19 19- 1948. However, in its first stage, a major "fracture" occurred, that is, the twenty-year crisis published by Karl, a master of realism, in 1939. This book directly points out the failure of the League of Nations to stop aggression under Wilson's idealism. It accuses Wilson of being a Utopian who is completely opposite to realism, ignoring the real world, that is, the question of "what should it be", that is, what the world should be like. Karl believes that the essence of international relations is power. On the core issue of how to treat power and morality, Karl thinks that the so-called morality, the so-called maintenance of international order and international organizations are the slogans of maintaining the status quo country, and accordingly he launched a sharp criticism of idealism.

The beginning of the second stage was marked by the publication of 1948 of the book Politics between Countries by morgenthau, a master of realism, which was also the main period for the establishment of the theoretical system of realism. If Karl's great contribution in theory is to define two schools of idealism and realism, and to highlight realism, then morgenthau established a theoretical system of realism, and systematically expressed the general idea, basic principles and specific application methods of realism. After World War II, the United States initially relied on the "short-lived, single-level" society monopolized by atomic bombs, and the strategic balance of power reflected in the subsequent military confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union. These realities have shifted the research focus of international relations to the United States, and realism has become the dominant paradigm of international relations theory, and has continued to be the dominant theory for 30 years. Under this big framework, the study of many practical problems makes the study of international relations enter.