What are the characteristics of literati painting in Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties?

The characteristics of literati painting in Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties are emphasizing the expression of individuality, paying attention to expressing feelings by borrowing things, and pursuing charm and interest.

1, the literati in the Yuan Dynasty were in a rather humble situation, and they gave up their official career and neglected their personnel. In the Song Dynasty, literati painting, which was mainly the amateur cultural life of official literati, began to be transferred to the hands of opposition literati, becoming a kind voyage for them to transcend their depressed lives and return to nature.

The scenery in the painter's mind embodies the painter's ideal of being far away from the world, blends into the painter's indifferent free state of mind, and also permeates helpless depression and indifference.

2. Painters in the early Ming Dynasty were divided into two schools: one was loyal to the tradition of literati painting in Song and Yuan Dynasties; The other school is the retro school, that is, Dai Jin, Wei Wu and others who inherited the tradition of Ma Xia's courtyard landscape painting in the Southern Song Dynasty in the Royal Painting Academy revived in the early Ming Dynasty.

However, the literati painting in Ming Dynasty, represented by "wu school", swept away the "retro-style" college painting, and pushed the literati ink painting style established by Yuan people to a higher stage. The main figures were Shen Zhou, Wen Zhiming, Tang Yin and Chou Ying.

Most of the main members of the five schools of painters belong to the literati with three unique skills of poetry, painting and calligraphy. They are sensitive to sinister occupations or personal experiences, so they are indifferent to literati, traveling in the forest and entertaining themselves with poetry and calligraphy. They are still interested in painting, inheriting the tradition of "morale" and expressing their personality and feelings.

3. From the Qing Dynasty to the heyday of literati painting, many top literati painters emerged, the most prominent of which was the "Four Monks", among which Badashanren and Shi Tao were the most prominent. As adherents of the late Ming Dynasty, they expressed the pain of the country's destruction and death in their paintings and calligraphy. Eight strokes are unrestrained, indulgent, concise, exaggerated in shape and cold in artistic conception.

Shi Tao tried to observe nature, despised Chen Xiangyin and followed suit as a painter. He advocates "pen and ink should keep pace with the times", "law should stand on its own feet" and "seeking strange peaks and drafting" for life. His thoughts had a far-reaching influence on the later Eight Eccentrics in Yangzhou ("Yangzhou School of Painting"), Xugu, Zhao, Ren Bonian and Wu Changshuo.

Extended data:

The artistic style of literati painting;

Literati painting has different pursuits in subject matter, ideological interest, pen and ink skills, and has formed many styles and schools. Landscape painting and ink freehand brushwork are popular, and many schools of different styles have emerged.

The themes of literati paintings are mostly plum, orchid, bamboo, chrysanthemum, mountains and fishing, and literati express their feelings by describing the natural scenery they can see. In their eyes, plum, orchid, bamboo, chrysanthemum, mountain and fishing live in seclusion, which is no longer pure natural scenery, but the embodiment of a gentleman.

Mei, cold and snow-resistant, jade bone ice muscle, narcissistic; Orchids, elegant and fragrant, self-pity, lead a totally clean life; Bamboo, modest and vigorous, straight rod lingyun, high wind and bright festival; Chrysanthemum Ao Shuang, proud; Landscape fishing and hunting live in seclusion, indifferent to the world, indifferent to fame and fortune. Literati express their inner heroism or anguish in this way. Express your lofty and elegant, because of public and private, because of the country and because of home.

There is Tao Qian's "picking chrysanthemums under the east fence, leisurely seeing Nanshan"; Su Shi wrote the cloud "Straight Bamboo", "When bamboo is born, one plant is born"; There is Zhenwu, the Taoist priest called Meihua, saying that Mei's wife and crane died; And Zheng Sixiao, who lost her land because of national subjugation, and so on. Although they are all influenced by Confucianism and comforted by Taoists and Buddhists, they are also gentle and romantic.