What two philosophical traditions did modern science originate from? What characteristics does this make modern science?

Modern science originated from the historical tradition of logical empiricism and historicism.

Features:

1, objective and true?

The objective truth of scientific knowledge lies in its objective content independent of human will. All scientific knowledge insists on using the material world itself to explain the material world, and does not recognize anything supernatural and mysterious.

Scientific facts, scientific laws, scientific judgments and scientific theories are all based on scientific practice and have to be repeatedly tested by scientific practice. Science has objective truth in content and is the fundamental attribute of scientific knowledge.

2. Testability?

Testability requires a clear explanation of the contents involved in scientific knowledge, derivation of specific testable conclusions, and prediction of possible experimental facts in the future. In the interpretation and prediction, the data derived from the theory are generally compared with the experimental results, which is called experimental inspection, that is, scientific testability. If the theory can't stand the experimental test, it will be revised or eliminated.

3. systematization?

The systematicness of science shows that scientific knowledge is a structured system. First, science is organized and systematic knowledge, which accurately expresses objective knowledge in the form of concepts, judgments and inferences, and constitutes an organic and rigorous logical system. In particular, major scientific theories embody the principle of the unity of history and logic.

Second, scientific knowledge, as the result of human cognition, has both empirical knowledge and theoretical knowledge. There are differences and connections between them, which are interdependent and mutually restrictive, and become a unified whole. ?

Extended data:

Logical empiricism

Rise in the 1920s. With Mach and Poincare as pioneers, it was initiated by Russell and Wittgenstein with the help of the physical revolution at that time. As the first complete system of philosophy of science, the logical empiricism movement centered on Vienna School marks the birth of modern philosophy of science.

Logical empiricism takes verifiability principle as the standard to exclude metaphysics, and with the help of mathematical logic, it reduces the philosophy of science to a static logical analysis of the structure of scientific theory and devotes itself to logical reconstruction, which has become an accepted orthodox view in the philosophy of science for decades. The main representatives are Shrek, Carnap, hempel and Reichenbach.

Baidu Encyclopedia-Philosophy of Science (Examining the subject of science from a philosophical perspective)