According to the source of sterile cytoplasm can be male sterile lines of rice into how many categories?

The hybrid rice used in China's production are all hybrid combinations formulated by nucleoplasmic interaction male sterile lines. According to the source of sterile cytoplasm, there are more than 30 kinds, homogeneous heterokaryotic sterile lines are more, among them, the wild defeat of the source of sterile lines is the most. According to the source of male sterile cytoplasm, there are mainly indica and japonica subspecies of common wild rice and Asian cultivated rice (including local varieties and geographically distant varieties).

(1) Common wild rice cytoplasmic male sterile lines

The common wild rice cytoplasmic male sterility, there are mainly wild defeat type, dwarf defeat type and red lotus type sterile lines.

①Wild defeat type sterile lines. Wild defeat is native to Hainan Island, Yacheng common wild rice pollen defeat strain of short. Its main features are creeping plant, tillering force is very strong, leaf blade narrow and thin, grain small, long awn, easy to drop grain, leaf sheath and glume purple, stigma developed and exposed, anthers thin yellowish, anthers do not crack, containing deformed pollen failure. The best sterile lines have been developed, such as Erjiu South 1A (Erjiu South 1), Zhenshan 97A (Wild Failure/Zhenshan 97), V20A (Wild Failure/6044//71-72//V20), V41A (Wild Failure/Plaza Dwarf 3784//V41), and Erjiu Dwarf 4 (Wild Failure/Erjiu Dwarf 4) (Lin Shicheng and Min Shaokai, 1991), of which Zhenshan 97A has been most widely utilized in the production of hybrid rice.

②Short defeat type sterile lines. Dwarf defeat is the short name of a short straw wild rice plant found from common wild rice in Dongxiang County, Jiangxi Province. The wild rice plant is short, creeping, strong tiller, grain slender with short awns, leaf sheath glumes are colorless, stigma developed exposed, anthers thin, not cracked, watery milky white, bag self-breeding does not bear fruit. Wu Rangxiang to "dwarf failure sterile strain / bamboo military / / Xie Zhen 1" sterile strain for the parent, and then use the stigma exposure rate, strong disease resistance of the military association / Wen Xuanqing / / Qiu Tang early 5 (referred to as Xieqing early) as the parent, hybridization and successive backcrossing to obtain sterility stability of the sterile line, and named dwarf failure Xieqing early A (Wu Rangxiang, 1986), the sterile line, the stigma developed exserted, the anthers are thin and small, not cracked, water-soaked white, bag self-crossing does not bear fruit. 1986), the sterile line has slender grains, excellent rice quality, high rate of stigma exposure, good flowering habit, and strong disease resistance, and the hybrid rice combinations formulated with it in some provinces of the Yangtze River Basin, such as Xieyou 46, Xieyou 63, and Xieyou 64, have been planted on a large scale.

3 red lotus type sterile line. The red mangrove wild rice produced in Hainan Island as the mother, early indica Liantang early as the father of hybridization, backcrossing breeding of sterile lines, and has been transferred to breeding Hua Shoru 15A, Qingtian Shoru A, Congguang 41A and Yue Tai A and other series of homologous sterile lines (Zhu Britain, 2000), the red lotus type sterile lines of restoration of the relationship with the wild defeat is different from the wild defeat of the wild defeat of the retention of the line can be done to the red lotus type of restoration of the line.

4 Other common wild rice cytoplasmic male sterile line types. Native to China's common wild rice is widely distributed in China's Hainan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan, Hunan, Jiangxi, Fujian and Taiwan **** 8 provinces (regions), many breeders use different origins of common wild rice to select and breed a number of wild rice cytoplasmic male sterile lines. For example, Guangxi Autonomous Region Academy of Agricultural Sciences bred Guangxuan 3A with Yacheng wild rice; Guangdong Zhaoqing Agricultural School bred Yanno Pearl Dwarf A, Yanno Zhenlong 13A and other sterile lines with Yacheng Yannan wild rice; Hubei Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences bred Fujimino Erjiuqing A sterile line with Fujimino Qiuqiao wild rice, and so on.

(2) indica-type cultivated rice cytoplasmic male sterile lines

In the selection of nucleoplasmic interaction male sterile lines, our country to foreign introduction of indica rice varieties and the country's indica, japonica rice varieties for the parentage of a number of common cultivated rice cytoplasmic male sterile lines, in the production of more prominent utilization of Gang-type, D-type, Indo-water-type, Ma-Xie-type, etc..

①Gang-type cytoplasmic sterile lines. Sichuan Agricultural University in 1965, the use of the introduction from Mali, West Africa, high straw cultivated rice variety Gambiaka (Gambiaka kokoum, belonging to the italicO.sativa subsp. italicindica) as the mother, with China's short-strawed variety of dwarf foot Nantes as the father, geographically distant inter-species crosses, the use of its progeny in the isolation of the sterile plants The sterile lines bred from crosses are mainly Gambia Sunrise 1A (Gambiaica/Dwarf Nantes//69-641//72-192/4/Sunrise 1) and Gambia Erjiu Dwarf 7A (Gambiaica/Dwarf Nantes//69-641//72-192/4/Erjiu Dwarf 7), both of which were bred in 1975 (Lin Shicheng, 1991).

② Type D cytoplasmic sterile lines. D297A (Dissi D52/37/Dwarf Nantes//Italian B///Shantung-1/4/297). The D-type sterile lines have similar restoration relationship with Wild Defeat, better flowering habit, and higher heterosis rate.

3) Indo-water type cytoplasmic sterile lines. Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center screened out the cytoplasmic male sterility strain from Indonesia Mizutani 6, and then transferred with other varieties into sterile lines, whose recovery relationship is the same as that of the wild defeat type. The sterile line with a large production area is II-32A, which was bred into a stereotyped strain by crossing Zhenshan 97 with IR665, and then crossed with Indo-Shui Zhending (glutinous) A to transfer.

④Maxi type cytoplasmic sterile lines. Wuhan University in 1984 in the western region of Ezhou rice farm variety Mawei sticky found in a pollen failure of sterile strains, with different types of varieties of cross-testing results, ZhenShan 97, V20 and XieQing early selection to maintain male sterility better. Since Xieqing Early Selection has the advantages of excellent rice quality and good resistance, it was selected as the rotational parent for backcrossing, and was bred and named as Maaxie A sterile line (Mawei Sticky/Xieqing Early Selection) in 1986. 1990 began to reform the maintenance line of the sterile line, and new Maaxie-type sterile lines were selected through the maintenance line/maintenance line selection. The stabilized strains of Xieqing Early Selection/Zhenshan 97 and Xieqing Early Selection/II-32B were crossbred with Maaxie A to breed new Maaxie-type sterile lines, and after many generations of backcrossing, more than 10 Maaxie-type sterile lines have been bred, among which Maaxie-type Wujin No.2A and Wujin No.3A were validated by Hubei Provincial Variety Validation Committee in 1997.

⑤ Japonica-type sterile lines of indica rice cytoplasm. In China's production of japonica-type sterile lines utilized through indica-japonica hybrid selection into the main two types of BT type and Dian type. 1966 Japan bred BT-type Taichung 65A sterile lines, the cytoplasmic male sterility gene from the Indian indica rice variety Chinsurah Boro Ⅱ (Chinsurah Boro Ⅱ), after the introduction of China in 1972, the Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences to use Japan's excellent Japonica rice Lai Ming After its introduction into China in 1972, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences used Japanese fine Japonica rice Dawn as the parent and crossed it with Taichung 65A and successive backcrossing, and then bred it into BT-type sterile lines such as BT-type Dawn A and Dawn B. Taking Dawn A as the basis, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences used Japanese varieties Xiu Ling and Qiuguang, and Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences used local Elected Late No.2 as the parent, and then bred it into BT-type sterile lines such as Xiu Ling A, Qiuguang A and Elected Late No.2A by crossing and successive backcrossing with Dawn A, respectively.

6 Japonica type cytoplasmic sterile lines. In the japonica type hybrid rice three line breeding, Yunnan Agricultural University and other researchers in 1965 to the province of Baoshan region to visit, in the Taipei 8 (japonica) field, harvested some low-fruiting natural hybrid plant seeds brought back to the greenhouse planting, the following year when flowering, found a sterile plant, judged to be male sterility, presumed to be by the high-altitude indica in Yunnan and the Taipei 8 cross, with japonica varieties of red hat tassel for The Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences crossed and backcrossed the Japanese variety Feng Jin as the parent to produce the Yunnan type Red Hat Tassel A, and then took Red Hat Tassel A as the mother and Taichung 31 as the cross and backcrossed it to produce the Yunnan type Taichung 31A and its corresponding maintenance line B. The Huazhong University of Agriculture took the Yunnan type Red Hat Tassel A as the mother and the Chinese Japonica 14 as the parent to produce the Yunnan type Red Hat Tassel A, and then took the Chinese Japonica 14 as the father to produce the Yunnan type Red Hat Tassel A, and the Japanese Japonica 14 as the parent to produce the Yunnan type Red Hat Tassel A, and the Chinese Japonica 14 as the parent to produce the Yunnan type Red Hat Tassel A. The Yunnan Agricultural University has successively developed 10 types of Japonica rice sterile lines, which are named as Yunnan 1 to Yunnan 10 (Jiang Zhinong, 1996) (Table 2-15).

Table 2-15 Dian 1 to 10 types of sterile lines

From t013201 Table 2-15, it can be seen that indica-japonica crosses (Dian 3 and 5 types), crosses between highland japonica and plains japonica (e.g., Dian 4 and 6 types), and crosses between common wild rice and Asian cultivated rice can all produce sterile or low fertile strains, and ultimately breed into sterile lines.