Please collect and organize what policies and measures have been introduced since 2000 to solve the problem of the "three rural areas" in China?

I. Deepening rural reform and realizing the integrated development of urban and rural areas

The key to integrating the economic and social development of urban and rural areas is to make a major breakthrough in changing the dual structure of urban and rural areas, and to establish equal and harmonious urban and rural relations under the socialist market economic system. The report of the 16th National Congress of the CPC pointed out the need to "coordinate the economic and social development of urban and rural areas". This is an important idea put forward on the basis of a scientific analysis of the main problems facing China's national economic development, and it is a major strategy for solving the "three rural" problems and building a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way. Before the reform and opening up, China's urban and rural areas had not been able to establish a balanced growth and virtuous cycle between them, leading to the solidification of the dual economic structure between urban and rural areas. Since the reform and opening up, with the introduction of the market mechanism, the link between urban and rural areas has been significantly strengthened. However, the urban-rural dual structure has not yet been fundamentally changed, and the urban-rural economy is still not on the track of a virtuous cycle. At present, the poor urban-rural relationship is characterized by an excessive disparity between urban and rural areas. The rural and urban economies are interrelated, interdependent, complementary and mutually reinforcing. At this stage of China's economic development, if the economic and social development of urban and rural areas is not taken into account in an integrated manner, and if we do not proceed to fundamentally change the dual structure of the system that divides urban and rural areas, it will not only impose constraints on expanding domestic demand, prospering the market, and realizing the benign cycle and healthy development of the national economy, but also have a negative impact on the stability of the society and on the country's long-term peace and stability. Coordinating the economic and social development of urban and rural areas is a major idea and initiative put forward by the 16th Party Congress, which profoundly summarizes the Party's practical experience in dealing with urban-rural relations over the past several decades. This major idea is a very timely proposal for the basic policy that must be followed in handling urban-rural relations in the process of modernization. In accordance with this line of thought, it is possible to closely link cities and rural areas and to realize integrated economic and social development in both urban and rural areas. Integrating the economic and social development of urban and rural areas points the way to a fundamental solution to the "three rural issues" and is a major innovation in solving the "three rural issues". The solution to China's "three rural issues" faces deep-seated institutional and structural contradictions. From the perspective of institutional contradictions, due to the long-term influence of the dual structure of urban-rural division, in dealing with the relationship between rural and urban areas, there is still consciously or unconsciously the concept of "emphasizing the city over the countryside". Therefore, in order to fundamentally solve the "three rural issues" at this stage, it is necessary to focus on solving the systemic and structural contradictions that constrain agricultural and rural development, to reform the various systems of urban-rural division that were formed under the planned economic system, to reduce the number of peasants, to accelerate the process of urbanization in rural areas, and to give full play to the role of cities in promoting and driving rural development. By the end of 2000, China had generally achieved moderately well-off status, but the moderately well-off status we have now attained is still low-level, incomplete, and very unbalanced in its development, and this is manifested mainly in the countryside. There are about 30 million poor people in the countryside who have not yet solved the problem of subsistence, about 60 million low-income people who have initially solved the problem of subsistence, and a large group of poor people who have basically solved the problem of subsistence, whose standard of subsistence is still very low. It can be seen that, in the first 20 years of this century, the focus and difficulty of building a higher-level, more comprehensive, and more balanced moderately prosperous society benefiting more than a billion people will be in the countryside. Making the overall prosperity of the rural economy and the promotion of social progress in the countryside a top priority, and moving ultimately from the division of urban and rural areas to the integration of urban and rural areas and coordinated development, is of overall significance to the realization of the goal of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.

Two, increase support for agriculture

Agriculture is a weak industry, subject to market changes and natural conditions, and the change in production methods by some objective factors interfere with the delay, so the need for government support and help. In general, China's financial investment in agriculture is insufficient, hindering the rapid development of agriculture and farmers continue to increase income, which is a problem that needs to be highly valued by our government and urgently need to be solved.

Over the past 50 years since the founding of the country, China's total financial investment in agriculture has amounted to about 500 billion yuan, accounting for only about 6.5% of total financial expenditure. Among them: the early liberation period accounted for about 5% of financial expenditure; subsequently, in the "Second Five-Year Plan" period and the national economic adjustment period, the financial support for agriculture has increased to about 10%; and then, in the "Cultural Revolution" period has declined, the proportion is about In the period of "Cultural Revolution", the proportion of about 8%, more than 10 years after the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee, financial support for agriculture has been strengthened, increased to 10%; but after the 90s, the financial support for agriculture has been gradually weakened, especially in the last few years, the relative number of the lowest point in the history of the financial expenditures of 3% to 4%, unable to guarantee the healthy and rapid development of China's agriculture and farmers to continue to increase incomes. According to statistics, the financial investment in agriculture in developing countries is generally maintained at about 10%, such as India, Thailand, Pakistan and other countries, the financial investment in agriculture to account for more than 15% of total financial expenditure, much higher than the level of our country. According to statistics, during the past few decades, 60% of China's financial support for agriculture funds for the management of large rivers and the development of meteorological undertakings, directly for agricultural productive expenditures accounted for only about 40%. As a result, the agricultural water conservancy infrastructure is getting worse and worse, the rain can not be drained, drought can not be watered; soil quality is getting worse and worse, the comprehensive fertility is declining, and the promotion of scientific and technological achievements is getting slower and slower. This situation will inevitably lead to the deterioration of the agricultural development environment, the slow development of production, and the hovering or even declining income of farmers. In the overall input of national finance to agriculture, local finance is the big head, its share often accounts for about 80%, but the current problem is also mainly at the local level. From the long period of time since the reform, the local financial investment in agriculture, from the arrangement of the budget to the implementation of the budget have shown a great deal of arbitrariness. How much they want to invest in how much they want to invest, there is no standard or basis. From a practical point of view, the financial support for agriculture in coastal areas, some of the strength of financial support for agriculture in the central and western regions, some of the strength of the small. Some places even in the relative number of financial support for agriculture greatly reduced at the same time, the absolute number of financial support for agriculture is also rapidly shrinking, which is very worrying. This situation is not changed, will certainly affect the balanced development of China's agriculture, the central and western regions and the eastern region of the gap between agricultural development and farmers' incomes, is bound to grow. Therefore, we should increase support for agriculture, which mainly from two aspects: ① Increase agricultural infrastructure and agricultural science and technology inputs, and completely change the situation of backwardness of agricultural infrastructure and agricultural science and technology level. Agricultural capital construction mainly reflects the construction of farmland water conservancy, rural roads and other infrastructure, and the problems in this regard are quite serious. Some places established in the 1950s and 1960s, such as reservoirs, bridges and other long-term disrepair, has not been able to use, want to drain the drainage can not be discharged, want to irrigate irrigation can not be; there are also some places in urgent need of some of the farmland water conservancy facilities and rural roads, because of the lack of funds and can only be put on hold. Agricultural science and technology mainly refers to the introduction, invention and popularization of agricultural science and technology. Deng Xiaoping pointed out that the fundamental way out of agriculture is in science and technology. The development of agricultural production must rely on modern science and technology. To increase investment in agricultural capital construction and science and technology, the following should be done: first, increase the proportion of the central government's financial expenditure on agriculture, so as to ensure that there are sufficient funds for infrastructure such as farmland water conservancy and for the development of agricultural science and technology. The second is to improve the agricultural input system through legislation to ensure that special funds are earmarked for agricultural investment and that local finances invest a certain percentage of their revenues in agricultural infrastructure. Third, formulate preferential tax policies to encourage the rural collective economy and increase investment in productive fixed assets in agriculture. Fourth, strengthen the promotion and popularization of agricultural scientific and technological achievements, improve the utilization rate of agricultural scientific and technological achievements, so that science and technology can be rapidly transformed into real productivity. Fifth, raise the salary level of agricultural science and technology workers, improve their working environment, and ensure that their work motivation and creativity are brought into play. On the basis of increasing support for agriculture, it is also necessary to increase spending on agricultural subsidies to ensure that farmers' incomes grow steadily. From the experience of developed countries, agricultural subsidies through the state financial transfers, is an effective way to safeguard the interests of farmers and protect the enthusiasm of farmers in production, China's financial expenditure for agricultural subsidies is too small, in the future, we must increase financial support for agriculture. One is to increase the proportion of agricultural production in the financial expenditure, in particular, should be increased directly for the part of agricultural subsidies to ensure that the interests of farmers are not harmed. The second is to implement a policy of protected prices for agricultural products, and to gradually expand the scope of protected prices in accordance with the country's financial resources. Third, a production risk fund, a price adjustment fund and a reserve system for agricultural products should be established. When there is a good harvest, the government buys; when there is a bad harvest, the government sells, in order to avoid the prices of agricultural products fluctuating greatly with changes in agricultural production.

Three, with urbanization of Chinese characteristics to broaden the space for the survival and development of farmers

A country with an overwhelmingly rural population is unlikely to achieve modernization, much less build a modern country with a highly developed civilization. The most basic requirement of modernization is the transformation from an agricultural society to an industrial society, and from a rural society to a civil society. At present, the level of urbanization in China is still very low, with the proportion of the urban population at only 38 per cent, more than 10 percentage points below the world average. The higher the proportion of the urban population in the country's total population, the greater the total number of people enjoying urban life, and the higher the overall level of civilization and progress in society as a whole. Therefore, to improve the level of urbanization as the task of building a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way is the objective requirement of China's modernization and the inevitable trend of economic and social development.

Urbanization contains three aspects. The first is the transfer of rural population to cities and towns, the proportion of rural population is decreasing and the proportion of urban population is increasing, which is the general form of urbanization. Secondly, the development of rural culture to urban culture, the dominant position of urban culture in the whole society is increasing, and the influence of rural culture is getting smaller and smaller, which is the deep cultural characteristics of urbanization. Thirdly, the transfer of social employees from the primary industry to the secondary and tertiary industries, the gradual decrease of employees in the primary industry and the increasing number of employees in the secondary and tertiary industries are the essential features of urbanization and the driving force and determining factor of its development. The surface feature of urbanization is the transfer of rural population to towns, while the decisive factor behind it is the development of secondary and tertiary industries, especially the development of industrialization. Industrialization is the fundamental driving force of urbanization, and urbanization in turn strongly promotes the development of industrialization. China's industrialization has entered the middle and late stages, and the level of urbanization is obviously lagging behind the level of industrialization. If the pace of urbanization is not accelerated, the process of industrialization will be constrained. China has entered the fast lane of urbanization development, and has reached a historical stage where it is necessary to actively guide the development of urbanization; if farmers are not encouraged but blocked from moving to the cities, this will hinder the development of secondary and tertiary industries, and slow down the pace of economic and social development and modernization of the whole country. The report of the 16th CPC National Congress clearly puts forward the need to accelerate the process of urbanization, so that the proportion of the urban population will increase substantially. This is a strategic decision based on the actual situation of China's economic and social development, especially the actual level of urbanization.

Whether urbanization can develop rapidly depends on two conditions: first, the degree of transfer of surplus rural labor and the supply capacity of agricultural and sideline products; and second, the employment capacity of cities and towns. Due to the improvement of labor productivity, China's rural areas have produced a large number of surplus labor. On the one hand, it is necessary to encourage and guide farmers to move to the cities, while on the other hand, it is necessary to systematically regulate the scale and speed of their movement to the cities. From international experience, according to the national strategic goal of building a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way, the per capita GDP should reach 3,000 U.S. dollars by 2020, and the level of urbanization in the next decade or so should be increased by an average of 1.0-1.2 percentage points per year, with an annual transfer of 10-12 million rural people to the cities, so that by 2020, the total population of the cities and towns should be about 750 million, with a total amount that exceeds that of the rural population. . In the current system and policies, there are still a number of problems that restrict the development of urbanization.

-- Abandon the mode of "building townships by townships" and develop small towns according to scientific planning, layout and development. Relatively backward areas through the "removal of townships and towns", expanding those strong location advantages, resource conditions, population size of the center of the town's management authority and jurisdiction. For small town clusters or small town belts in developed areas, the expansion of "townships" or the merger of townships and established towns should be used to set up some small and medium-sized cities and give full play to their urban functions; and a certain number of central towns should be planned and developed between large and medium-sized cities. The central government and relevant departments should play an authoritative role, take the initiative to carry out a wide range of administrative division adjustment, and scientifically carry out the planning of large regional town system.

--Reform the land utilization and management system of small towns. Concentrate on the use of land and encourage off-site development of non-cultivated land resources. Encourage the renewal and reconstruction of the old urban areas and revitalize the stock of construction land in small towns; centralize the use of non-agricultural land indexes in small towns and adopt preferential land, tax and credit policies to attract old township enterprises to concentrate in small town industrial districts; raise the cost of land for the decentralized layout of newly built township enterprises; and adopt preferential credit and tax policies to encourage offsite development of small towns and the reclamation of non-cultivated land resources. Implementing diversified land supply methods. Adhere to scientific planning, paid land use and strict use control, and allow collective land to enter the land market in small towns; implement a lease system for state-owned land use rights in existing small towns, with land users paying rent to the state on an annual basis; allow collective land within the scope of the planning area to enter the land market directly by transferring, leasing, mortgaging, and valuing the land in shares, and let the land market determine the price of the land; and formulate a plan for compensating the land use revenue of public utilities for the value-added land of commercial land. The revenue to compensate for the proceeds of land for public welfare purposes.

-- Thoroughly reform the small town household management system. The government has also been working on the development of a new system for the management of the household registration system in small towns. Cancel the "agriculture to non-permanent" type of household registration transfer method, implement the free transfer of household categories according to the belonging and occupation, the ID card as a legal document, the registration of the effective system, allowing residents to move freely in the jurisdiction; on the household to adopt diversified management methods, such as to the large and medium-sized cities to move to the effective permanent urban residents of the household (in the rural areas no). contracted land and homesteads), and permanent urban resident hukou that is invalid for relocation to small, medium or large cities, but which can be used for permanent residence in towns (and which can be used to own contracted land and homesteads in the countryside). Regardless of the type of hukou, in addition to reducing the population pressure in large and medium-sized cities, the current restrictions on the migration conditions set by the state policy, the farmers who have been registered in the established towns and cities, the implementation of the same rights and obligations as the local residents, in particular, to abolish the human factor formed by the children's schooling, employment, participation in the military, as well as to participate in the old age, medical care, employment insurance and other aspects of the differences.

--Reform the management system of the center of the town, change the function of the government. According to the "small government, big society", "small organs, big service", "new towns, new system" requirements, the establishment of a clear function, reasonable structure, clean and efficient management system of small towns. On the basis of "withdrawing townships (towns) and towns", expanding the management scope of central towns, giving complete county-level management authority and management functions; at the same time, withdrawing other original township government organizations around the central towns and implementing the central towns to directly manage the villages; as a short-term transition, temporary offices can be set up at the locations of the withdrawn townships, but not too many people and not for too long. As a short-term transition, temporary offices can be set up in the locations of the abolished townships, but the staff should not be too many and the time should not be too long. It is necessary to streamline the institutions and personnel of central towns, improve work efficiency, strengthen the financial and tax functions of small towns, enhance their education, family planning, public security and other public **** management functions, weaken the restraining power and restraining means of various economic functions, and curb the indiscriminate charging of fees and charges by various departments. After strict planning for the center of the town, to rationalize its financial system, in accordance with the principle of "a government, a level of finance", the establishment of a complete budget and revenue and expenditure functions of the institutions and treasury; at the same time to cancel the center of the town around the other original townships of the financial institutions.

Fourth, to information technology to drive China's agricultural modernization

In the process of human civilization, agriculture has gone through three stages of development, namely, ancient agriculture, traditional agriculture, modern agriculture. In these three stages of development, each stage is not completely separate, but with the progress of science and technology, alternating with each other. The same is true of agricultural modernization. At different stages of historical development, agricultural modernization has different goals and meanings. In the 1970s and 1980s, the modernization of agriculture was the "Four Modernizations of Agriculture", i.e., the mechanization, chemicalization, water conservancy and electrification of agriculture. In the 1980s and 1990s, agricultural modernization was further understood as modern agricultural facilities, modern agricultural science and technology, and modern agricultural management. At present, the era has entered the brand-new 21st century, and the content of agricultural modernization is even richer, including the level of agricultural production, the level of rural economy, the input of agricultural materials, the level of farmers' income and consumption, agricultural science and technology and education, and the rural environment. However, no matter how the connotation of agricultural modernization is expanded, its essential connotation is to continuously introduce "modern" science and technology, the formation of new productive forces, the traditional agriculture into modern agriculture.

Information technology as the core technology of modern science and technology, information technology as a new productive forces, to promote the rapid development of the national economy and modernization of the construction of a pivotal position and a huge role in promoting. Agricultural informatization has become an important content and symbol of agricultural modernization. There is no agricultural modernization without agricultural informatization. since the 1980s, the wave of informatization featuring computer multimedia technology, fiber optic and satellite communication technology has swept the world, and the level of informatization has become an important symbol to measure the modernization level of a country and its comprehensive national strength. Agricultural informatization is an important part of national economic informatization and the highest stage of agricultural development that mankind has realized so far, which is to modernize agricultural infrastructure equipment, automate agricultural technology operation and network agricultural business management information through the massive injection of knowledge, information and technology. Agricultural modernization is an important strategic goal of China's socialist modernization, the essence of which is the scientific and technologicalization of agriculture, i.e., the equipping of agriculture with modern science and technology and its application techniques, so as to promote the rapid transformation of our country's agriculture from traditional agriculture to modern agriculture. In contemporary times, on the one hand, we have to rely on modern scientific knowledge to build a solid foundation of modern agriculture and strive for the early realization of agricultural modernization; on the other hand, we have to meet the challenges of the world's information economy era, carry out a new revolution in agricultural science and technology, develop information agriculture, and promote the process of agricultural informatization. At present, the modernization of our agriculture has not yet been fully realized. However, if we copy the road taken by developed countries in the West, and wait until the complete realization of modernization before considering informatization, then we can only march at the end of the historical trend, and the distance between us and the developed countries running on the road of informatization is bound to become bigger and bigger. Therefore, we must timely and fully digest the use of information technology productivity, information technology to drive modernization, can greatly accelerate the speed and quality of the traditional modernization, and win time to narrow the gap with the developed countries, to achieve the "leapfrog" development of agriculture, and may even be able to achieve "! Later to overtake". At this stage, in order to drive the modernization of agriculture by agricultural informatization, we should focus on the development and utilization of agricultural information resources, take the development of agricultural information consulting industry as a breakthrough, take the research and innovation of information technology as a driving force, take the base of agricultural informatization as a carrier, and rely on information talents, policies and regulations, and vigorously develop the agricultural information service and software industry, and combine the research of agricultural information technology, the cultivation of public awareness of information and information market, and the construction of agricultural information talents with the development of agricultural information technology, and the development of agricultural information market. Cultivation of agricultural information technology research, public information awareness and information market, agricultural information personnel construction, etc., combined to comprehensively promote the penetration and application of modern information technology in the entire agricultural field, so as to promote the process of agricultural industrialization and modernization.

Fifth, actively promote the process of agricultural industrialization, to deal with the challenge of accession to the WTO

In China, from 1993, put forward the industrialization of agriculture to the present has been nearly 10 years, the industrialization of agriculture has been significant development, but the good and the bad are unevenly distributed, the eastern region has a good economic foundation and superior environmental conditions, the level of development of industrialization of agriculture is higher than that in the central and western regions. According to a 1999 survey of 1,650 counties in 28 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government (excluding Beijing, Guizhou and Tibet), there were 30,344 agricultural industrialization organizations, with a total output value of 490.2 billion yuan, profits and taxes of 47.6 billion yuan, and more than 39 million farm households, accounting for 15 per cent of the total number of farm households in the mainland. Regional distribution of agricultural industrialized organizations: 14,588 in the eastern region, accounting for 48.1%; 13,558 in the central region, accounting for 44.7%; 2,198 in the western region, accounting for 7.2%. In terms of industrial distribution, the development of agricultural industrialization is faster in livestock, fruits, vegetables, aquatic products, especially local specialties with regional advantages, while the development of agricultural industrialization in bulk agricultural products such as grain, cotton and oil is slower. The development of agricultural industrialization in the past 10 years has more and more reflected its significant role in China's rural economic development and economic reform, that is, to promote the "three transformations": the transformation of the mode of agricultural production, that is, the transformation of the mode of production from "planned production" to "market production", and the transformation of the mode of production from "planned production" to "market production". That is to say, to promote "three changes": the change of agricultural production mode, that is to say, from "planned production" mode to "market production" mode; the change of traditional agriculture to modern agriculture; the change of government functions and the promotion of governmental institutional reform. However, the development of agricultural industrialization in China is still in the primary stage.

China's "agricultural industrialized management" is called Integration, or Vertical Coordination, or "agricultural integration" in foreign countries. Its essential content is through the market function of the main relevant links of the joint, agricultural production, supply and marketing, agriculture and industry to implement a professional division of labor on the collaborative management or contractual management, the formation of a transaction benefits **** enjoy the economic linkage, and enhance market competitiveness. The basic features of China's industrialized agricultural management are: market-oriented, focusing on regional advantageous industries or dominant industries, carrying out a series of development from pre-production, production, post-production and industrial chain, implementing production, supply and marketing, agriculture, industry and business combination, combining farmers, dragon-head enterprises and the market, and forming an economic interest***same body to enhance the competitiveness of the market. That is to say, China's "industrialized agricultural management" and foreign "agricultural integration" although the name is different, but the essence is the same.

Accession to the WTO, China's agricultural industrialization of the development of the environment facing the conditions, on the whole, I'm weak outside the strong, but weak in the strong, opportunities and potential. The main performance has the following aspects. ① developed countries in the modernization of agriculture, fully developed market economy, according to international standards of production of high-quality products, developed sophisticated processing of agricultural products "four in one" on the basis of in order to improve market competitiveness and economic efficiency of the development of agricultural integrated management, so the level of integrated management of foreign agriculture is quite high. The goal of the Uruguay Round of agricultural negotiations is to reduce agricultural trade protectionism and liberalize agricultural trade, and the WTO Agreement on Agriculture requires the tariffication of all non-tariff measures. Although in terms of tariff concessions and tariff bindings, developing countries have a longer economic buffer and development opportunities in the timetable relative to developed countries, but compared with the level of economic development of developing countries, this time is very limited and short. At the same time, the Agreement on Agriculture also allows "yellow box", "blue box", "S&D", "green box" and other domestic support policies. The Agreement also allows the existence of "yellow box", "blue box", "S&D", "green box" and other domestic support policies, but in fact, the developing countries of these four kinds of domestic support policy is far below the level of developed countries. ③ At present, the vast area of China's agriculture is still traditional technology and traditional business methods, market development is very immature, low level of standardized production of agricultural products, low quality of products, very little processing of agricultural products, and even less deep processing, in order to adapt to the market needs, improve the income of farmers, and to achieve the two changes, the development of the industrialization of agriculture. Therefore, China's agricultural industrialization level is still very low; but this does not mean that China's agriculture has no way out. Due to China's relatively large labor resources, regional resource differences, regional advantageous industries are still many, with international competition in agricultural products are also many, such as livestock products, aquatic products, flowers, vegetables, fruits and so on. People are very worried that the increase in food imports after joining the WTO will impact on China's food production. In fact, due to China's mainly decentralized farming operations, 65% of food production is the farmers' self-production and self-marketing, the commodity rate of food is only 35%, so coupled with the increase in food imports from abroad, which, on the contrary, makes China's food stabilization has increased a channel.

According to the above analysis, after joining the WTO, China's agricultural industrialization development of the basic idea should be based on national conditions, the moderate development of large-scale, specialized production, multi-channel to reduce production costs, improve product quality, the development of agricultural products processing industry, to increase the industrial chain, due to the region, the industry to take the appropriate mode of industrialization of agriculture to maximize the opening up to expand the international market. Specifically: the strategic focus of promoting agricultural industrialization is to promote the industrialization of agriculture. The industrialization of agriculture mainly includes three levels of connotation: one is to realize the processing of agricultural products; the other is to transform and equip agriculture with modern industrial means, to realize large-scale, standardized and industrialized planting and breeding, and to realize enterprise production and management; the third is to develop related non-agricultural industries in the rural areas based on the principle of industrial association, around the production, processing and marketing of agricultural products. In the production, processing and marketing of a dragon, agriculture, industry and trade integration mode of agricultural industrialization, the agricultural products processing industry is connected to agriculture, industry and tertiary industry; one head is connected to farmers, one head is connected to the market; one head is connected to the countryside, one head is connected to the city, is the central link of agricultural industrialization. In most of the agricultural products "difficult to sell" stage, vigorously develop the processing industry of agricultural products, is to continuously expand the new market for agricultural products, realize the value-added agricultural products, enhance the competitiveness of agricultural products in the market of the realistic needs. The development of agricultural products processing industry will further promote the adjustment and optimization of agricultural production structure, so that the widely distributed resource elements in the operation of industrialization system recombination. Transforming and equipping agriculture with modern industrial means is the core content of agricultural industrialization. Specifically, it is to apply industrial technology, equipment and management means in the whole process of agricultural production, processing and marketing, agriculture, industry and trade integrated management, to improve the technical level and equipment level of agricultural products production and processing, and to improve the degree of organization and socialization of agricultural production and operation. From the point of view of agricultural equipment, gradually realize the mechanization and factoryization of agricultural production; from the point of view of agricultural management mode, break the small-farmer type of business model, the implementation of entrepreneurial management; from the point of view of agricultural efficiency, lengthening the industrial chain of agriculture, so that agricultural products in the multi-level, multi-links of value-added, and to improve the comparative efficiency of agriculture; from the point of view of agricultural scientific and technological progress, to increase the scientific and technological research and development of agriculture, and to accelerate the conversion and application of advanced technology; from the agricultural structure. Transformation and application; from the point of view of agricultural structure, fundamentally change the state of long-term division of agriculture and other industries, to realize the collaboration and interaction between agriculture and secondary and tertiary industries, and to promote the prosperity and development of rural areas and towns with the ****.

Sixth, the "people"-oriented development strategy to eliminate farmers "low quality obstacles"

The current situation of the quality of farmers is not optimistic. First, the farmers' scientific and cultural knowledge is relatively scarce. Due to the current generation of farmers received a relatively poor basic education, resulting in their acceptance of new technologies, new knowledge is generally low, the market economy is still stuck in the shallow, vague understanding of the level of agricultural industrialization, market-oriented lack of the necessary ideological and material preparation. Secondly, farmers' awareness of democracy and legal system is weak. On the one hand, farmers know little about the national strategy of ruling the country according to the law, and illegal incidents occur from time to time due to ignorance of the law, not to mention that they do not know how to use the law to safeguard their legitimate rights and interests; on the other hand, some peasants have a one-sided understanding of democracy, which they equate with "absolute freedom," and then put forward unreasonable demands to the grass-roots level of government, or even obstruct the grass-roots level of government administration according to the law. On the other hand, some peasants have a one-sided understanding of democracy, equating it with "absolute freedom," and thus make unreasonable demands on the grass-roots government and even obstruct its administration according to law. Third, the ideological and moral quality of peasants needs to be improved. In some places, clan and regional concepts are y rooted, feudal superstitions are prevalent, and some negative thoughts and stereotypes have emerged, seriously affecting the economic development of rural areas and social stability.

Therefore, to improve the quality of farmers is not only very necessary, and has become an urgent task of the current rural work. Improving the quality of farmers is an urgent need to meet the challenges facing agriculture after joining the WTO. On the one hand, after joining the WTO, the international competition in agriculture will be increasingly fierce. It can be said that the competition in today's world is fundamentally the competition of people, is the competition of human quality, so the international competition in the field of agriculture is fundamentally the competition of the quality of farmers. On the other hand, after joining the WTO, due to the diversity and complementarity of the world economy, international cooperation in the field of agriculture will become more and more frequent, which urgently needs a large number of farmers who have a good grasp of the international rules and know about agriculture, in order to meet the needs of international cooperation. The situation clearly shows that the challenges facing agriculture after joining the WTO are unprecedented, and to meet this challenge and take the initiative in future competition and cooperation, we must strive to improve the quality of farmers. Improve the quality of farmers is to realize the urgent need for agricultural efficiency, farmers increase income.

Therefore, to improve the farmers' awareness of market competition and the ability to withstand market risks is the most important to realize the "double increase". In a nutshell, whether it is to solve the agricultural "product" problem, or "market" problem, are dependent on the improvement of the quality of farmers. In short, improve the quality of farmers has been urgent, we must take practical measures from a strategic height, and step up the forging of a new situation to adapt to the requirements of the development of agricultural modernization of the farmers. Of course, improve the quality of farmers is a long-term, systematic project, can not be achieved overnight. As a matter of urgency, basic education in rural areas must be strengthened as a fundamental part of this project; and comprehensively strengthening the training of farmers is the key to improving the quality of farmers. To this end, it is necessary to establish and improve a multi-form, multi-level training system for farmers, so that they can master new agricultural technologies and knowledge as soon as possible, and help them to establish the concept of the market, and enhance the awareness of democracy and the rule of law. But also to cultivate a generation of learning farmers, which is to improve the quality of farmers at all. The ancients said, ten years of trees, a hundred years of trees, improve the quality of farmers is a long-term arduous strategic task, it is not possible to sudden solution, can not be achieved overnight. Even in the short term can only increase investment, it is impossible to see immediate results, immediately receive economic benefits. Must consciously abandon short-term behavior, set up a long-term concept, solid, hard work, and strive to the middle of this century, so that the quality of our farmers have a fundamental improvement. To start with basic education. Gradually reform the rural education system, so that it serves agriculture, tilts toward the countryside, and cultivates a new generation of farmers. Divide the second half of the nine-year compulsory education, i.e., the junior high school section, into further education and vocational education, and establish a rural vocational education system. At the same time, the establishment of a benefit-oriented mechanism, in all types of employment, labor system are reflected in the quality requirements, and strive to 2020 so that the rate of farmers by secondary vocational education to reach more than 95%, so that farmers receive systematic secondary vocational education.