What is laser drilling?

It focuses the laser into a micron-sized or submicron-sized tiny spot, irradiates the cell and opens a small hole in the cell. This small hole can automatically close in one second. Biologists soak cells in a culture medium containing genetic material, then aim a laser beam at the cells and make a small hole in them. Genetic material flows into cells through stomata to complete the direct transfer of genes. Then the pores automatically close and return to their original state, becoming cells carrying new genes. In this way, the "grafting" process of genetic material is completed.

Using this technology, Japan Sanbaole Beer Company and Hitachi Co., Ltd. successfully injected foreign genes into barley cells with cell walls. They used laser to punch holes in the cell wall, cell membrane and nuclear membrane at the same time, and the genes in the culture solution were injected into the cells through this hole. By this method, tens of thousands of cells were treated in 30 ~ 40 minutes.