What's the difference between high-speed rail, bullet train, urban rail, light rail and subway? How to distinguish them?

High-speed rail standards: Different countries and times have different standards. China definition: design code of high-speed railway and regulations of State Railway Administration. China standard: the speed is not less than 250km/h, for passenger only.

Railway grade: high-speed rail (Grade I): China adopts ballastless rail (except Chongqing-Wanzhou high-speed rail). Internal classification: general high-speed rail and ultra-high-speed rail. Early models: CRH2C and CRH3C were originally the representative models of China high-speed rail: CRH380 of China, maglev speed of China's standard EMU: 590km high-speed railway of Japanese superconducting maglev train, which is a railway system with high design speed and can make trains run at high speed.

The first official high-speed railway system in the world is the Shinkansen in Japan, which was completed and opened to traffic in 1964. The design speed is 200 km/h, so the initial speed standard of high-speed railway is 200 km/h. Later, with the development of technology, the train speed is faster. Different countries have different definitions of high-speed railway in different periods, and have stipulated their own detailed technical standards for high-speed railway grades according to their own conditions, involving different train speeds and railway types.

China railways are divided into three grades according to speed: high-speed railway (250-380), fast railway (160-250) and ordinary railway (80- 160). 20 12 "Twelfth Five-Year" comprehensive transportation system planning is different, and a column on express railway has been set up. 2065436

China's high-speed railways all adopt high-speed rail grades, and the high-speed railways are mainly national railways with medium and high standards, supplemented by low-standard high-speed rail grades. High-speed rail and national railway rank first and second respectively in China's railway grade (technical grade).

Among them, the high-speed train is mainly used for the eastern railway passenger trunk line and the intercity railway of urban agglomeration; State Railway Class I is mainly used for passenger and freight trunk lines of eastern railways, passenger trunk lines of central and western railways and intercity railways of large and medium-sized urban agglomerations.

Because the speed of the train can't exceed the speed limit of the railway, otherwise there will be safety hazards such as derailment, so the speed index of the normal operation of the 250km/h railway is 160km/h to 250km/h, not 250km/h to 350 km/h, but the premise of this division method is only based on speed and does not involve other attributes. The passenger dedicated line with a speed of 250km/h is technically a high-speed rail and the speed is a fast rail. ) Ballastless track is widely used in China's high-speed railways, and a few of them use ballasted track.

China's high-speed rail lines operate electric EMU trains with a structural speed of more than 200 kilometers per hour. What is the number of trains? Starting with the letters g, d and c? The three models are divided into CRH and CR series. At present, the high-speed railway in China is limited to the national railway line. Although the design speed of Shanghai maglev track line is 430km/h, which exceeds the railway speed standard of any country, it does not belong to the category of conventional high-speed railway because it has no national railway nature and is neither managed by the national railway department nor connected with the national railway network.

bullet train

Other names: basic definitions of power vehicles and power carriages: rail vehicles with their own power main features: vehicles are equipped with driving wheels. Distinguished objects: traction-free rail vehicles, motor cars, full-name power vehicles, refer to vehicles equipped with power devices in rail transit systems, including locomotives and power cars. Motor vehicles are equipped with driving wheels, and the corresponding vehicles without driving devices are trailers.

If the train can run normally on the track, there must be a moving car to provide enough traction for the whole train, but it is not necessary to hang a trailer without power. EMU is a railway vehicle equipped with wheel-driven mechanical equipment, not an EMU.

Not only high-speed trains have bullet trains, but all types of vehicles, including constant-speed EMUs, ordinary-speed trains, subway trains, light rail trains, monorails and maglev trains, have bullet trains. Motor train, the full name of power car, refers to a locomotive or carriage that runs on the track, has a driving device and can produce a certain traction.

The power plant is an engine, which is used to convert other forms of energy into mechanical energy and drive the wheels to run, such as steam engine, internal combustion engine or motor. On the contrary, a vehicle that is not equipped with any power plant and does not produce traction is a trailer. If a train can run independently and normally, it is inseparable from the train.

urban railway

Other Names: Urban Rail Transit and Intercity Rail Transit Railway Nature: Short-and medium-distance passenger dedicated railway Railway Type: National Railway, Metro Light Rail, Maglev Railway, etc. Functional orientation: short-distance urban rail transit to achieve barrier-free rapid contact is the abbreviation and general name of intercity rail transit and urban rail transit, which belongs to a new vocabulary.

Intercity rail transit is a new type of rail transit between traditional rail transit and urban rail transit. It is mainly used to realize the rapid connection between adjacent cities or urban agglomerations, such as Guangzhou-Zhuhai urban rail transit, Guangzhou-Foshan-Zhao urban rail transit and so on. Urban rail transit refers to the vehicle transportation system which is supported and guided by rail structure. According to the requirements of the overall urban traffic planning, a fully closed or partially closed railway special line is set up to transport a considerable number of passengers by train or bicycle.

For example, the subway or light rail system in the city, trams and so on. Urban rail, that is, the abbreviation of intercity rail transit or urban rail transit, specializes in serving the rail transit system within the city or between adjacent cities. In daily life? Urban rail? This word tends to refer to intercity rail transit, and urban rail transit is used the most? Subway? Or? Rail transit? This word is universal.

Urban rail is a life term and a railway term with the large-scale construction and development of urban and intercity rail transit in China, and it is also called urban rail train and urban rail station accordingly. Actually? Urban rail? The concept of this word is relatively broad, referring to various new passenger rail transit systems in short and medium distances.

light rail

Definition: light load, not light rail load and axle load, the difference object: heavy rail.

The "light rail" in urban rail transit corresponds to monorail, heavy rail and its "subway", regional railway, regional express railway and intercity railway. Trams and rubber-tyred vehicles in urban public transport system are completely different from light rail vehicles in urban rail transit and do not belong to light rail system.

The light rail system in urban rail transit means that the train runs on the international standard double track with the track gauge of 1435 mm, and the train runs with automatic signal system. Understand the track system: the weight of vehicles is divided into light rail and heavy rail. Track width is divided into wide track, standard track and narrow track (including meter track and inch track).

Light rail is an important form of urban rail construction and the fastest developing form of rail transit in the world today. The locomotive weight and passenger capacity of light rail are smaller than ordinary trains, and the rails used are also lighter, only 50kg per meter, so it is called? Light rail? .

Urban light rail has the advantages of large capacity, high speed, less pollution, less energy consumption, punctual operation and high safety. Urban light rail, subway, urban railway and other forms of rail transit constitute the urban rapid rail transit system.

It can effectively alleviate the tense relationship between population and traffic resources, cars and traffic facilities. As an effective carrier to improve urban traffic conditions, light rail has become an important choice for modern metropolises. It greatly facilitates the travel of passengers and allows residents to enjoy a higher quality of life.

Light rail is also more in line with the standard of green transportation, and the construction of large-scale municipal supporting facilities where the track extends is more conducive to comprehensive environmental management. Light rail transit plays a positive role in promoting the development of national economy and will bring social and economic benefits. It will promote the development of related industries and directly recover the investment cost from real estate development and commercial operation.

The construction of urban light rail will promote the continuous improvement of urban planning, accelerate the process of residential suburbanization and adjust the unreasonable structure of urban layout. Along the track, it will become the most dynamic area, and then become the first choice for real estate development and urban emerging industries. Emerging residential areas, industrial and commercial facilities will redefine the land use pattern along the track.

Light rail construction plays an important role in the urbanization process of a country and region. It can meet the needs of economic, social and urban development. Highlighting the characteristics and functions of the city and speeding up the modernization will have a positive impact on urban layout, urban appearance, environmental protection, housing construction, and citizens' living style and lifestyle.

subway

Service type: the first subway of urban rail transit: London subway (1863) with the longest mileage: Shanghai subway 617 km (2065438+August 2006) with the longest line: Shanghai rail transit 1 1.

Subway is a form of railway traffic, which refers to the urban rail transit system that mainly runs underground, that is? Subway? Or? Subway? Abbreviation (subway, pipe, underground); In order to match the construction environment and consider the construction and operation costs, many of these systems may be converted to the ground or elevated roads outside the city center.

Subway is a high-density and large-capacity urban rail transit system, covering all kinds of underground and above-ground road rights in urban areas. What's the name of the subway in Taiwan Province Province, China? MRT? (Rapid Transit System). In addition to the subway, it also includes elevated railways or railways laid on roads.

Therefore, the subway is the exclusive right of way, and there is no grade crossing, which is also the fundamental sign that the subway is different from the light rail transit system. The earliest (and first) subway in the world is the Metropolitan Subway in London, England, which was built at 1863.

In the English environment, according to the different development origins and usage habits of similar systems in different cities, they are usually called Metro (French Paris, parts of Chinese mainland) and MRT (Singapore, Taipei, Kaohsiung, etc.). ), MTR (specifically Hong Kong), underground (specifically ground track), railway (specifically ground track), subway (the United States and surrounding areas, Beijing) and Tube (.