What are the methods of analyzing grammatical structures?

(1) Substitution method. Slicing the language into units, using this method, is mainly used to slice and dice morphemes.

(2) Distributional analysis method. According to the context (including the context) in which the language unit appears to be categorized. For example, analyzing verbs such as "eat, drink, smoke".

(3) Direct Component Analysis. Distributional analysis examines the external relations of linguistic units, while direct compositional analysis examines the internal structure of linguistic units. This

analysis slices and dices the levels of a passage. Language can be sliced and diced from large to small, or units (morphemes or words) can be identified first and summarized in layers.

(4) transformational analysis. Used to illustrate the relationship between statements, such as the active and passive sentences, the relationship between affirmative and negative sentences, etc.; can also be used to illustrate the form of the same but in fact there are differences in the statements.

Structuralist grammar has some other methods of analysis. For example, it divides phrases into centripetal and centrifugal structures.

The centripetal structure has at least one direct component that serves the same function as the whole phrase, such as "new book" and "very good"; the centrifugal structure has all the direct components that do not serve the same function as the whole phrase, such as "today's sunny day". It's sunny today." Texas This analysis can be used to distinguish between homonyms. For example, "rental car" represents two different centripetal constructions: one centered on "car" (i.e., what is usually called a paratactic construction) and one centered on "rental" (i.e., what is usually called a verb-object construction). The other is centered on the word "rent" (what is commonly known as the verb-object construction).

It is precisely because the hierarchy alone does not fully explain the internal relations between phrases that a distinction is made between centripetal and centrifugal structures, while at the same time recognizing that the core of centripetal structures can have different positions.

Language is a product of society, language as a social communication tool for transferring information and exchanging ideas, its nature determines that the use of language is inevitably implicated in the whole society, implicated in every person. The change and development of society promotes the development of language, and the change and development of language in turn reflects the change and development of society. Language and thinking are produced together with labor in the process of human socialization, and their social nature can almost be said to be inherent.

Language is a social phenomenon, not a natural one. In the past, there are some home compared to the biological attached, that language also have to go through the birth. The process of biological life history of old age and death, and then concluded that language is a natural phenomenon, this view is wrong. Although language also has the process of creation, development and possible death, it is fundamentally different from the birth, growth, old age and death of living things. The birth, growth, aging and death of organisms are the visible vicissitudes of individual organisms. The differentiation of a language into many dialects, or the evolution of some other languages, is the gradual evolution of the language behavior of the whole society, the "death" and "life" of the language, this is a metaphorical statement, just to say that there is such a possibility, but whether it can be turned into a reality depends on specific social conditions, and whether it is a social reality or not. Whether it becomes a reality depends on the specific social conditions and whether it serves the whole society and is used by the people. Language is a special social phenomenon that belongs neither to the base nor to the superstructure. The so-called "special" means that the essential characteristic of language that distinguishes it from other social phenomena lies in the fact that it serves the whole society as an instrument of communication, a tool that enables people to understand each other and to adjust their **** work in all spheres of human activity.

Language is a symbol because it represents or refers to real phenomena.

Language symbols are composed of a combination of sound and meaning." Sound" is the material manifestation of language symbols, "meaning" is the content of language symbols, only the combination of sound and meaning can refer to the real phenomenon, constituting the symbols of language. For example, the symbol of "man", rén is the form of its voice, "can speak, walk on two legs, can make and use the tools of production for labor" is the meaning of the combination with the sound, constituting the content of the symbol.

Texas Forum sound and meaning are the two "sides" of the language symbols, each dependent on the other, as if a piece of paper has a positive and negative sides, we can not as long as the front and do not want to reverse, and can not as long as the reverse and do not want to the front; language symbols of the relationship between sound and meaning and this is the same, only and the combination of a specific meaning of the sound can be called voice, the meaning of the expression of the specific voice in order to be the semantics of the communication needs.

The composition of the language system is mainly expressed in the hierarchy of the structure of the rules, that is to say, the language is a hierarchical device, can be divided into a number of levels from the low to the high, or from the bottom to the top, so that the sound, the meaning of the combination of sound and meaning of symbols composed of "each in its place", each in its own way, but each phenomenon is not isolated, and are in a kind of interdependent, each other in a constraint on the relationship between the formation of a tight system, and the relationship of the language system. Each phenomenon is not isolated, but is in an interdependent and constraining relationship with each other, forming a tight system. We can observe the structure of the language system from bottom to top.