Teaching methods, foundations and principles of use

There are many kinds of teaching methods, and the common ones are divided into the following four categories according to the ways for students to obtain information.

1. Language class method

Language methods include lecture (telling, explaining, reading and lecturing) and conversation (inspiring conversation, question-and-answer conversation and guiding conversation).

2. Intuitive method

Intuitive methods include demonstration method and visit method (preparation visit, parallel visit and summary visit).

Step 3: Practical methods

Practical methods include practice (oral practice, written practice and operation practice), experiment (preparation experiment, verification experiment and consolidation experiment) and practical operation.

4. Self-study method

The methods of self-study include reading guidance (speaking and reading, semi-autonomous reading and autonomous reading) and discussion.

There are many specific teaching methods, such as discovery method, comparison method, pleasant teaching method, step-by-step teaching method, suggestion teaching method and so on. With the advancement of the new curriculum reform, more new teaching methods and strategies will be created that are deeply loved by students.

In order to achieve the goal of Chinese teaching, we must design and apply teaching methods scientifically. The vast number of Chinese educators have accumulated a lot of experience in the practice of education and teaching, which provides a basis for the latecomers to choose Chinese teaching methods.

1. According to the teaching objectives and tasks

Each class has specific teaching objectives. If the method is chosen correctly, the goal can be achieved smoothly. Choosing a method according to the goal is like climbing a mountain and crossing a river. It is not appropriate to go there by boat. Even people who can swim want to reach the other side of the river as soon as possible. It is more efficient to take convenient water transportation.

2. According to the teaching content

The choice and combination of teaching methods must be determined according to the nature and specific content characteristics of teaching materials. For example, the teaching case of Spring mentioned earlier, combined with the beautiful and rhythmic characteristics of the text, chose the semi-autonomous reading method. Through four levels of "reading", the teaching goal of understanding content and cultivating language sense is gradually achieved.

3. According to the teaching rules and principles

Teaching law is an objective existence independent of people's subjective will. Teaching principles are an objective reflection of teaching laws and a theoretical summary of the internal relations among the elements of the teaching system. The choice and cooperation of teaching methods must follow the teaching rules and principles.

4. According to the quality of teachers

Any teaching method must be realized through the specific operation of teachers. The quality structure of teachers includes knowledge structure, ability structure, psychological structure and moral structure. Only methods that adapt to teachers' quality and ability can play a role. For example, in the process of perceiving the text as a whole, teachers with good reading ability can choose teachers to read model essays, otherwise they can choose media to assist model essay reading, which plays a role of demonstration and encouragement.

5. According to the characteristics of students

The choice of teaching methods must adapt to the basic conditions and personality characteristics of students.

6. According to the teaching environment conditions

When choosing teaching methods, we should also consider the objective conditions such as teaching organization, teaching time and teaching equipment.

Principles of choosing teaching methods

1. Diversity principle

All kinds of teaching methods have their own scope of application and limitations. At the same time, the teaching content, teaching object and teaching environment are always different. Therefore, it is necessary to integrate various teaching methods to achieve the best results.

2. The principle of flexibility

The diversity of teaching methods and the variability of teaching activities determine the flexibility of teaching method selection.

3. The principle of optimal combination

Optimizing the combination of effective teaching methods, strengthening its positive aspects and making up for its negative aspects are the most witty practices in teaching practice.

4. The principle of the unity of teaching and learning.

Tao Xingzhi's "how to learn as you do and how to teach" and the popular idea of "learning as teaching" also remind us that learning method is the basis of teaching method, and teaching method is a demonstration of learning method.

5. Creative principle

In teaching, we should inherit the traditional teaching methods and innovate in combination with teaching practice. Explore and use the skills you are good at, and make the teaching activities play the maximum benefit through various channels.