What is the current situation of safety production in equipment manufacturing industry?

Equipment manufacturing industry is a manufacturing industry that provides production technology and equipment for national economy and national defense construction. It is the core component of manufacturing industry and the foundation of national economic development, especially industrial development. Establishing a strong equipment manufacturing industry is the fundamental guarantee for improving China's comprehensive national strength and realizing industrialization. The 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward that "industrialization should be driven by informationization, and a new industrialization road with high scientific and technological content, good economic benefits, low resource consumption, less environmental pollution and full play of human resources". And pointed out that "transforming traditional industries with high-tech and advanced applicable technologies and vigorously revitalizing the equipment manufacturing industry." The 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China further clarified the strategic position of the equipment manufacturing industry.

First, the important basic role of equipment manufacturing industry.

The important role of equipment manufacturing industry in national economy and national defense security is as follows:

(A) is the pillar industry of the national economy and the engine of rapid economic growth.

The equipment manufacturing industry accounts for more than 20% of the national industrial economic indicators. The export of equipment manufacturing products accounts for 25.46% of the total foreign trade exports. During the period of 1953 ~ 1998, the average annual growth rate of China's GDP was 7.8%, the average annual growth rate of industry was 1 1.9%, and the average annual growth rate of equipment manufacturing was 17.6%, which was 9.8 percentage points higher than the GDP growth rate, and it was the engine to promote rapid economic growth.

(B) is an important carrier to absorb labor. All employees in China equipment manufacturing industry account for more than 20% of the total industry. If we consider the correlation between manufacturing industry and other circulation industries and service industries, the employment rate indirectly provided by manufacturing industry is higher.

(3) It is the fundamental means to realize the transformation of economic growth mode and promote the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries.

China is in a period when the mode of economic growth is changing from extensive to intensive. The intensification of economic growth mode is no longer blindly pursuing speed and output, but focusing on efficiency and quality, saving resources and reducing pollution. The decisive factor of intensification is to accelerate technological progress, and the material basis of intensification is to develop advanced and efficient technical equipment. The equipment manufacturing industry bears the heavy responsibility of providing equipment for various industries of national economy and national defense construction, with strong driving force and wide coverage. Its technical level not only determines the competitiveness of various industries at present, but also determines the quality and efficiency of future operations. Transforming traditional industries with advanced equipment is the fundamental means to upgrade the industrial structure. Therefore, the equipment manufacturing industry plays a vital role in the transformation of economic growth mode.

(4) It is a bridge and channel for scientific and technological achievements to be transformed into productive forces.

Equipment manufacturing industry is the most profound and influential industry in which technology and knowledge are transformed into productive forces. As a technical carrier, technical equipment is the medium and bridge for scientific research achievements to transform into productive forces, and it is an important means for scientific research achievements to transform from potential benefits to practical benefits. Technical equipment is a commodity with high technical content, great added value, great industrial relevance and great export trade benefits. Therefore, technology and equipment are the focus of industrial developed countries and even industrial developing countries in the international market, and they are also the leading commodities and the fastest growing commodities in world trade.

(5) It is an important foundation for safeguarding national economic security and military security.

Western developed countries attach great importance to the development of equipment manufacturing industry. Even in the information society, they still attach great importance to the manufacturing industry with equipment manufacturing as the core. Taking precision machine tools as machine tools in the equipment manufacturing industry as an example, it is the focus of western countries' embargo on China. 1In May, 1999, the Cox Report issued by the US government proposed to control the export of machine tools to China. In June, 2000, 65438+1October, 65438+February, the United States Senate passed the "Control the Export of High-tech Machine Tools" bill to China and other countries. This shows the importance of high-precision machine tools to a country's economic security and military security.

Second, the development status of China equipment manufacturing industry

At present, China is still in the middle stage of industrialization. China's equipment manufacturing industry has a big gap in management mechanism, technological innovation ability, enterprise scale and competitive strength.

(A) the organizational structure is unreasonable

1, the scale of enterprises is small, and the scale of large enterprises is not large. For a long time, China's equipment manufacturing industry has paid more attention to extension than connotation, and the investment has been scattered and repeated. Most enterprises are built according to "big and complete" and "small and complete", which leads to the small scale of equipment manufacturing enterprises, even the so-called "super-large" and "large" enterprises.

2. For a long time, the engineering design, product design and manufacturing of major engineering projects in China belong to different departments, which has seriously affected the formation of a complete supply system and capacity of domestic technical equipment.

3. There are many restrictions and constraints on the channels for domestic financial industry to participate in the investment portfolio of equipment manufacturing industry, so it is difficult to solve the restructuring problem of equipment manufacturing industry through the capital market.

(B) the technical structure is unreasonable

1, low independent development ability. Due to the small scale of the enterprise, weak research and development ability, poor independent development ability and low technological innovation ability. High-tech equipment and major technical equipment also depend on the introduction of foreign technology to a great extent.

2. Enterprises have not become the main body of technological innovation. Our country not only has few R&D funds and personnel, but also has extremely unreasonable distribution. R&D funds and personnel are mainly concentrated in scientific research institutions and universities, and enterprises have not really become the main body of technological innovation and scientific and technological investment.

3, the design and manufacturing technical ability is not strong. From a comprehensive and systematic perspective, modern design seeks the best combination point from the market, design and production process, integrates materials, processes, control, systems, engineering and other aspects, and develops products with advanced design technology and reasonable economy, so as to meet the needs of users to the maximum extent and expand market share. China's equipment manufacturing industry is restricted by talents, technology, investment and design and development conditions, and the technical ability of design and manufacturing is generally not high.

4. The product structure is unreasonable. China has been in a state of shortage economy for a long time, and many products are in serious shortage. China's equipment manufacturing industry is also committed to paving the way and expanding production capacity, but little attention is paid to the improvement of enterprise quality. The production capacity of traditional and commodity products has soared, resulting in overcapacity of many products, oversupply and poor corporate efficiency. At the same time, the production capacity of major technical equipment and high-tech products is seriously insufficient, which leads to a large number of foreign mechanical and electrical products flooding into the domestic market, accounting for 30% of the domestic market. In addition to the major technical equipment provided for basic industries, most of them are imported, and the import share of some high-tech products has also accounted for more than 50% of the domestic market.

The lagging development of equipment manufacturing industry has become an important factor restricting the economic development of China. According to statistics, 2/3 of the equipment investment in the fixed assets investment of the whole society depends on imports. At present, petrochemical equipment, automobile industry equipment, CNC machine tools, textile machinery and offset printing equipment must be imported. More than 50% of the technical sources of the main products of the equipment manufacturing industry rely on the introduction from abroad. Enterprises have poor quick response ability to the market, and the new product development cycle is long.

At present, the development of China's equipment manufacturing industry is in a critical period. On the one hand, the sustained and rapid development of the national economy requires a lot of technical equipment; On the other hand, the technical level of China's equipment manufacturing industry is not high, the industrial structure is unreasonable, and the relevant policies are not perfect, which can not meet the needs of national economic development, resulting in a large number of technical equipment imports. Under the background of economic globalization, it is impossible for a country to buy all the necessary equipment. However, as a socialist country with a population of 654.38+0.3 billion, industrialization and modernization are not bought from abroad, and must be realized by developing equipment manufacturing industry. Only a strong equipment manufacturing industry can become an industrialized power.

Third, ways to revitalize China's equipment manufacturing industry

Under the situation that the equipment manufacturing industry has been fully concerned, China should formulate a systematic strategy and plan for developing the equipment manufacturing industry, and effectively organize and implement it, so as to build China into an important equipment manufacturing and supply base in the world.

(1) Continue to deepen the structural adjustment of the equipment manufacturing industry, increase the intensity of "restructuring and restructuring", stimulate the vitality of enterprises, and enhance international competitiveness.

To revitalize the equipment manufacturing industry, we must first stimulate the vitality of enterprises through restructuring. Accelerate the diversification of enterprise property rights, strengthen the construction of enterprise incentive mechanism and balance mechanism, and truly stimulate the vitality of enterprises. Adjust and reorganize the industrial structure and organizational structure around the advantages and strengths of China's equipment manufacturing industry. Break the protection of departments and industries, increase the intensity of reorganization and merger among enterprises, and establish a large equipment manufacturing system; According to the idea of globalization and specialized production, we will vigorously cultivate a number of large enterprises with international competitiveness and a large number of strong, sophisticated and specialized small and medium-sized enterprise clusters. Reduce excess and backward production capacity, and increase the bankruptcy and exit of enterprises with serious losses and no development prospects.

(2) Strengthen state regulation and market guidance, and concentrate resources to achieve major breakthroughs.

For major equipment and application engineering projects closely related to China's economic security and national defense security, we should give full play to the advantages of socialist concentrated efforts to do great things, and the state should come forward to organize advantages and effective resources, and strive to achieve major breakthroughs and leaps through reorganization, reorganization, transformation and organization of scientific and technological research, equipment development and engineering demonstration.

(3) Do a good job in planning and guidance, and give play to the industrial agglomeration effect.

In order to maximize the benefits of resources and avoid unnecessary redundant construction, the state should make good planning and guidance, formulate preferential policies in areas with comparative advantages in capital, resources and technology, attract investment, attract outstanding talents, give play to the industrial agglomeration effect, and encourage the formation of a number of internationally renowned and distinctive equipment manufacturing centers.

(4) Adhere to technology introduction, digestion and independent innovation, and promote the upgrading of traditional manufacturing industries.

While introducing foreign advanced technology, we should introduce digestion and absorption of technology and independent innovation. Actively introduce the key equipment technology and supporting parts production technology of the equipment manufacturing industry in developed countries, strive to digest and absorb innovation, and finally realize localization and promote the transformation and upgrading of China's traditional manufacturing industry. On this basis, we will gradually increase the intensity of independent development and innovation, so that the technological innovation mode of equipment manufacturing industry will change from imported technology to the combination of imported technology and independent development, and then move towards independent innovation.

(5) Improve the system and overall package capacity, and form a group of general equipment contractors.

Break the traditional segmentation system, promote cross-regional and cross-industry union, merger and reorganization, while vigorously improving the technical level, quality and performance of single machines, attach great importance to the perfection of complete equipment systems, set up a number of equipment contracting companies with system design, complete systems and general contracting capabilities, and form a number of equipment general contractors or big suppliers with high international reputation and competitive strength.

(six) change the mode of technological innovation, establish a technological innovation system, strengthen the investment in technology research and development of equipment manufacturing industry, and clarify a number of key technologies related to the long-term development of equipment manufacturing industry.

Earnestly strengthen the investment in R&D of China's manufacturing technology, closely follow the forefront of world manufacturing technology, focus on R&D, strive to master a number of core technologies with independent intellectual property rights in the world's high-tech fields and manufacturing application fields, establish an efficient and coordinated "Industry-University-Research" integrated system in line with international practices, and accelerate the industrialization process of scientific and technological achievements.

(seven) continue to give full play to the advantages of low labor costs and attach importance to increasing the proportion of skilled workers.

For a long time to come, China's manufacturing industry can still give full play to its advantage of low labor cost and maintain its competitive advantage in attracting direct investment and developing the export of labor-intensive products. Increasing the proportion of skilled workers in manufacturing industry and cultivating tens of millions of high-skilled talents in manufacturing industry will be an important aspect for China equipment manufacturing industry to maintain its competitiveness.

(8) Strengthen the government's macro-control and create a big environment for revitalizing the equipment manufacturing industry.

Combining the standards of WTO and the commitment of our government, we will study and formulate the technical and economic policies to promote the development of China's equipment manufacturing industry after China's entry into WTO. Give necessary policy support in research and development funds, product tax policies, and procurement methods for major projects.

Four. Suggestions on policies and measures

1, strengthen the organization and leadership of equipment localization. Establish an organization and coordination mechanism for major projects and equipment localization, and promote the development of equipment manufacturing through major projects.

2. Further establish and improve the market mechanism, conscientiously implement the bidding law and other laws and regulations, and promote domestic equipment to enter the market. Encourage equipment enterprises to compete fairly, develop specialization and cooperation, promote enterprises to accelerate the pace of reform, and improve management level and competitiveness.

3, adhere to rely on key projects and major projects to promote the localization of equipment. A number of major domestic technical equipment projects, such as million kilowatts nuclear power equipment, complete sets of DC transmission equipment, complete sets of large-scale petrochemical equipment, large-scale tunnel construction equipment and high-grade CNC machine tools, will be organized in a planned way.

4, pay close attention to study and formulate policies and regulations, to create a good environment for the development of equipment industry. First, provide necessary support funds for the domestic research and development of major equipment and the establishment of engineering technology research centers; Second, study and formulate relevant policies and regulations to promote the development of equipment industry, such as adjusting the current tax policy for imported products and changing the practice of duty-free import of key raw materials and parts of imported complete sets of equipment; Improve the foreign procurement method of technical equipment and insist on exchanging market for technology; The third is to formulate policies to encourage the use of domestic equipment, especially to give necessary policy support to the domestic supporting projects of the first set of equipment.

5. Cultivate the technological innovation ability and core competitiveness of large enterprises and enterprise groups. Large enterprises and enterprise groups play an important role in the development of equipment manufacturing industry. Therefore, we should continue to encourage and support large enterprises and enterprise groups to establish technology centers and enhance their technological innovation capabilities. We will continue to encourage and support large enterprises and enterprise groups to participate in the construction of national key projects.