Turpan Historical and Cultural Neighborhood

I. History and Culture of Turpan

Turpan is a major town on the ancient Silk Road, with more than 4,000 years of cultural deposits, and was once one of the centers of politics, economy and culture in the western region.

More than 200 cultural sites have been discovered, and more than 40,000 artifacts have been unearthed from prehistory to modern times. From the excavated artifacts so far, Turpan has used at least more than 18 ancient scripts and 25 languages, and a large number of artifacts and historical facts prove that Turpan is one of the world's four far-reaching cultural systems of Chinese, Indian, Greek, and Islamic cultures, and of Shamanism, Zoroastrianism, Buddhism, Taoism, Nestorianism, Manichaeism and Islam. Grape Festival June 9, 1990, Turpan Grape Festival Organizing Committee in the autonomous region of the People's Hall Turpan Hall held the first press conference: from 1990 onwards, every year on August 20 in Turpan, China Silk Road Turpan Grape Festival.

Customs and taboos in Turpan ethnic minority compatriots mostly believe in Islam, do not eat pork, lard and all the food made with pork and lard. They do not eat animals slaughtered without chanting, livestock and poultry that have died of disease, the blood of any animal and the meat of cats, dogs, donkeys, mules and other animals.

It is not permissible to throw the eaten food around. Spitting, farting, blowing one's nose, yawning, etc. are prohibited during meals and conversations.

Art Turpan Mukam is known as one of the ancient sources of the Twelve Mukams of Xinjiang, and the central area of circulation is Rukqin in Shanshan. Rukqin is the seat of the Turpan County King's residence, and historically it was once the political, economic and cultural center of Turpan City, where the Turpan Mukam was developed and spread.

The lyrics of Turpan Mukam are composed of classical poetry and folk ballads, with two styles of speech, and also use long multi-syllabic "Aizeler" metrical poems.

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Second, the history and culture of Turpan

Turpan is a major town on the ancient Silk Road, with more than 4,000 years of cultural deposits, was once one of the centers of politics, economy and culture in the Western Region. More than 200 cultural sites have been discovered, and more than 40,000 artifacts have been unearthed from prehistory to modern times. From the current excavated artifacts, Turpan has used at least 18 or more ancient scripts and 25 languages, and a large number of artifacts and historical facts prove that Turpan is one of the world's four far-reaching cultural systems of Chinese, Indian, Greek, and Islamic cultures, and four major cultural systems of shamanism, Zoroastrianism, Buddhism, Taoism, and Nestorianism, Manichaeism, Islam, the seven religions of the mingling point of convergence.

Grape Festival

On June 9, 1990, the Turpan Grape Festival Organizing Committee held its first press conference in the Turpan Hall of the People's Hall of the Autonomous Region: Since 1990, the Turpan Grape Festival of the Chinese Silk Road has been held in Turpan on August 20 every year.

Customs and Taboos

The ethnic minority compatriots in Turpan are mostly Muslims, and do not eat pork, lard and all food made with pork and lard. They do not eat animals that have not been slaughtered without chanting, livestock and poultry that have died of disease, or the blood of any animal or the meat of cats, dogs, donkeys, mules, etc.

The ethnic minorities of Turpan do not eat pork, lard and all foods made with pork and lard.

It is not permissible to throw the eaten food around. Spitting, farting, blowing one's nose, yawning, etc. are prohibited during meals and conversations.

Art

Tulufan Mukam is known as one of the ancient sources of the Twelve Mukams of Xinjiang, and the central area of circulation is Rukqin in Shanshan. Rukqin is the seat of the Turpan County King's residence, and was once the political, economic and cultural center of Turpan City, from which the Turpan Mukam emerged and spread. The lyrics of the Turpan Mukam not only consist of classical poems and folk ballads, with two styles of speech, but also use long multi-syllabic "Aizel" metrical poems. The Turpan Mukam is an ancient and traditional art of Turpan, which has been published in a collection and has won a national award.

Third, I know what China's famous historical and cultural cities

Nanjing - the Mausoleum of Dr. Sun Yat-sen So far, the State Council of the People's Republic of China has listed 113 cities as China's famous historical and cultural cities, and they have carried out key protection. Some of these cities have been chosen as capitals by emperors and kings of different dynasties; some have been political and economic towns of the time; some have been the places where major historical events took place; some are famous for their precious cultural relics; and some are famous for their exquisite handicrafts. Their existence opens a window for today's people to review China's history. Classification of Famous Historical and Cultural Cities Hebei Zhengding China's Famous Historical and Cultural Cities are divided into seven categories in accordance with the characteristics of each city: Ancient Capitals: characterized by the historical relics of the era of the capital city and the style of the ancient capital, such as Beijing and Xi'an; Traditional Style: retaining one or a few of the historical period of the Longmen Grottoes in Luoyang, the city of the historical period of the accumulation of a complete group of buildings, such as Pingyao, Hancheng; Scenic Spots: by the superimposition of the architecture and landscape environment and show a distinctive character of the city. Scenic and scenic spots: Cities with distinctive personality traits, such as Guilin and Suzhou; Local and national characteristics: Cities with regional characteristics or unique personality traits, national customs and local cultures constituting the main body of the cityscape, such as Lijiang and Lhasa; Modern historical monuments: Cities with significant characteristics of buildings or architectural complexes reflecting a certain event or a certain stage of history, such as Shanghai and Zunyi; Special functions: Cities where a certain function has a very prominent historical value. Special function type: a certain function of the city occupies a very prominent position in history, such as "Salt City" Zigong, "Porcelain Capital" Jingdezhen; General historical monuments type: the main way of reflecting the historical tradition is through the cultural relics and monuments scattered all over the city, such as Changsha, Jinan. Ancient capitals: Luoyang, Xi'an, Beijing, Nanjing, Suzhou, Hangzhou, Kaifeng, Datong, Anyang, Jingzhou, Xianyang, Handan, Linzi, Guangzhou, Qufu, Shenyang, Dali, Lhasa, Taiyuan, Fuzhou Traditional landscapes: Suzhou, Yangzhou, Chaozhou, Pingyao, Hancheng, Yulin, Zhenyuan, Langzhong, Linhai, Shangqiu, Qixian, Shexian, Ganzhou, Dali, Lijiang, Liaocheng, Fenghuang, Wisdom, Tongren and Tekes, Shaoxing, Shangqiu Scenic spots: Chengde, Guilin, Yangzhou, Suzhou, Hangzhou, Shaoxing, Fuzhou, Zhenjiang, Changshu, Dujiangyan, Leshan, Tianshui, Kunming, Zhaoqing, Jilin, Qingdao, Yueyang, Penglai, Tai'an, Turpan, Yixing, Jiaxing Places and national characteristics: Lhasa, Rikaze, Dali, Lijiang, Kashi, Gyangz, Yinchuan, Hohhot, Jianshui, Meizhou, Weishan, Tongren, Quanzhou, Changting, Ji'an, Fenghuang, Turpan, Jixi Special function type: Quanzhou, Ningbo, Yangzhou, Jingdezhen, Qufu, Huai'an, Zigong, Shouxian, Datong, Bozhou, Yulin, Wuwei, Zhangye, Dunhuang, Daixian, Foshan, Guangzhou, Zoucheng, Luzhou, Shanhaiguan, Penglai Modern historical sites type: Shanghai, Tianjin, Wuhan, Guangzhou, Chongqing, Harbin, Qingdao, Changting, Nanchang, Yan'an, Zunyi, Shenyang, Nanjing, Wuxi, Nantong, Beihai, Zhongshan, Haikou General monuments: Xuzhou, Jinan, Changsha, Chengdu, Zhengzhou, Baoding, Xiangfan, Yibin, Zhengding, Zhangzhou, Quzhou, Nanyang, Zhongxiang, Leizhou, Xin Jiang, Hanzhong, Joonxian, Suizhou, Liuzhou, Anqing, Yingzhou, Puyang, Jinhua Edit List of National Famous Historical and Cultural Cities The 119 famous historical and cultural cities in China are as follows Nanchang --Tengwangge Municipalities directly under the Central Government: Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Chongqing Hebei: Chengde City, Baoding City, Zhengding County, Handan City, Shanhaiguan District (Qinhuangdao Municipal District) Shanxi: Taiyuan City, Datong City, Pingyao County, Xinjiang County, Dai County, Qixian Inner Mongolia: Hohhot City Hei Long Jiang: Harbin City Jilin: Jilin City, Ji'an City (Tonghua City) Liao Ning: Shenyang City Jiang Su: Nanjing City, Xuzhou City, Huaian City, Zhenjiang City, Changshu City (Suzhou City acting as a county-level city), Suzhou City, Xi'an - Big Wild Goose Pagoda Yangzhou City, Wuxi City, Nantong City, Yixing City (Wuxi City acting as a county-level city) Zhejiang: Hangzhou City, Shaoxing City, Ningbo City, Quzhou City, Linhai City ( Zhejiang: Hangzhou, Shaoxing, Ningbo, Quzhou, Linhai (county-level city of Taizhou), Jinhua, Jiaxing Fujian: Fuzhou, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Changting County (Longyan county) Jiangxi: Jingdezhen, Nanchang, Ganzhou Anhui: Bozhou, Shexian (Huangshan city county), Shouxian (Lu'an city county), Jixi County (Xuancheng city county), Anqing Hubei: Wuhan, Jingzhou, Xiangyang, Suizhou City, Zhongxiang (Jingmen county) Shandong: Jinan, Zoucheng, Yixing City, Wuxi city (Wuxi city county) Shandong: Jinan, Zoucheng (county-level city of Jining), Qufu (county-level city of Jining), Qingdao, Liaocheng, Zibo, Tai'an, Penglai (county-level city of Yantai) Henan: Zhengzhou, Luoyang, Shangqiu, Anyang, Nanyang, Junxian (county of Hebi), Puyang, Kaifeng Hunan: Changsha, Yueyang, Ganzhou- Hunan: Changsha City, Yueyang City, Ganzhou-Bajingtai Fenghuang County (Xiangxi Prefecture) Sichuan: Chengdu City, Zigong City, Langzhong City (Nanchong City), Leshan City, Dujiangyan City (Chengdu City), Luzhou City, Yibin City, Haili County Yunnan: Kunming City, Dali City (Dali Prefecture's capital), Lijiang City, Jianshui County (Red River Prefecture's prefecture), Weishan County (Dali Prefecture's prefecture) Guizhou: Zunyi City, Zhenyuan County (Qiandongdong Prefecture), Zunyi City, Zhenyuan County (Qiandongdong Prefecture) Guizhou: Zunyi City, Zhenyuan County (county of Qiandongnan Prefecture) Tibet: Lhasa City, Rikaze City (Rikaze Prefectural Administrative Office), Gyantse County (county of Rikaze Prefecture) Guangdong: Guangzhou City, Chaozhou City, Zhaoqing City, Foshan City, Meizhou City, Leizhou City (county of Zhanjiang Municipality), Zhongshan City Guangxi: Guilin City, Liuzhou City, Beihai City Hainan: Qiongshan District (precinct of Haikou Municipality), Haikou City Shaanxi: Xi'an City, Yan'an City (Weinan Municipality), Hancheng City (precinct of Weinan Municipality), Hankou City (precinct of Weinan Municipality), Hankou City (precinct of Weinan Municipality) Shaanxi: Xi'an City, Yan'an City, Hancheng City (Weinan City county-level city), Yulin City, Xianyang City, Hanzhong Chengdu - Wuhouzhi City Gansu: Zhangye City, Wuwei City, Dunhuang City, Tianshui City Qinghai: Tongren County (capital of Huangnan Prefecture) Ningxia: Yinchuan City Xinjiang: Kashgar City (the seat of the Kashgar Regional Administrative Office), Turpan City (the seat of the Turpan Regional Administrative Office) Xinjiang: Kashi City (the administrative office of Kashi Prefecture), Tulufan City (the administrative office of Tulufan Prefecture), Tekes County (the county under the jurisdiction of Yili Prefecture) China's Famous Historical and Cultural Cities are approved by the State Council, and have been announced in three batches and 20 additions to the city, *** counting 119. Shanghai - Yuyuan Garden Hangzhou - Leifeng Pagoda Edit Batch of Famous Historical and Cultural Cities First Batch of Famous Historical and Cultural Cities Zhenjiang - Jinshan Temple First Batch of Famous Historical and Cultural Cities, published in 1982. , 24 Beijing, Chengde, Datong, Nanjing, Suzhou, Yangzhou, Hangzhou, Shaoxing, Quanzhou, Jingdezhen, Qufu, Luoyang, Kaifeng, Jiangling, Changsha, Guangzhou, Guilin, Chengdu, Zunyi, Kunming, Dali.

Fourth, the historical and cultural district

Historical and cultural district is a record of a city's socio-economic development history, the accumulation of cultural traditions is particularly rich in important areas, reflecting the traditional style of the historical and cultural city and cultural characteristics of the city, the focus of the protection of famous cities in historical and cultural districts.

Although the current protection of China's historical and cultural neighborhoods has made great achievements, but the protection of the target, the protection of content, the use of knowledge issues such as the way there is still a big difference in the protection of the effectiveness of the many unsatisfactory places.

Yangzhou's Dongguan Street is a very successful case, after reasonable remediation and upgrading, has become Yangzhou's business card, set of culture, tourism, business in one, the development is very good.

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V. What are the methods of protection of historic and cultural districts

Historic and cultural districts are in the historical city (including historical and cultural cities), reflecting the city's historical and cultural characteristics and traditional architectural style most representative of the lot.

For cities with large historic districts, there can be multiple historic and cultural neighborhoods. There may or may not be a heritage conservation unit within the historical and cultural street, which needs to be treated differently.

For the architectural protection of China's historic and cultural districts, in addition to focusing on the protection of cultural relics in the protection of units, but also should take the "control, rectification, renewal of the use of" approach, to strengthen the control of the construction and environmental remediation, and for the historic and cultural districts of the historic buildings, general buildings (structures) and municipal infrastructure to protect and renew the use of, with a view to the development of a new city. The historic buildings, general buildings (structures) and municipal infrastructure in the historic and cultural district shall be renewed and utilized in a protective manner, so as to adapt to the needs of modern life.

Six, (22 points) historical and cultural district is the soul and pulse of a city, is different from other

Answer (1) this view is one-sided.

(1 points) the protection of historical and cultural neighborhoods can not be separated from the government. Because our government is the people's government, assuming the organization of socialist economic construction, cultural construction and the provision of social public **** service functions, the basic principle of government work is responsible to the people.

The Ministry of Housing and Construction and the State Administration of Cultural Heritage jointly issued a document to inform and criticize which cities are not effective in the protection of historical and cultural cities is precisely the embodiment of its functions and responsibility for the protection of historical and cultural neighborhoods. (4 points) some local governments in the process of protecting historical and cultural neighborhoods, due to lax supervision, decision-making errors, and even abuse of power, illegal administration, resulting in poor protection, the government has a responsibility that can not be shirked.

(3 points) But the government in the process of protecting historic and cultural districts can not do everything, the citizens of the historic and cultural districts of the awareness of the protection and protection of the process of participation, the sense of social responsibility of other social organizations will result in the protection of historic and cultural districts of the protection of ineffective. (3 points) (2) Traditional culture has a relative stability and distinctive ethnicity, is the spiritual ties that sustain the survival and development of the nation.

The traditional culture can satisfy people's increasing spiritual needs and play a positive role in the development of society and human beings in line with the changes of social life. (2 points) Historical and cultural neighborhoods are the soul and pulse of a city, carrying the memories of a city and are part of traditional culture.

Preventing the protective destruction of historical and cultural neighborhoods is conducive to the inheritance and development of traditional culture with regional characteristics, enhancing the cohesion of the city and strengthening the sense of identity of the city. (3 points) Culture reacts to the economy and gives it a significant impact.

Preventing the protective destruction of historical and cultural neighborhoods can enhance the city's image and promote the city's economic development. (2 points) Culture and economy are intertwined.

In the process of urban economic development, preventing the protective destruction of historic and cultural districts can both enhance the city's cultural taste and promote the development of cultural industries. (2 points) Culture provides inexhaustible spiritual power for economic construction.

Preventing the protective destruction of historical and cultural neighborhoods can further stimulate the city's cultural creativity, enhance cultural soft power, and better provide inexhaustible spiritual power for the city's economic construction. (2 points) answer analysis test question analysis: the question examines the government, the inheritance of traditional culture, culture and economic relations and other knowledge points; the first (1) question: this question is mainly to test the ability of students to obtain and interpret information, as well as the mobilization of knowledge about the government and other aspects of the mobilization and the ability to use the knowledge of the question is limited to the political life of the government's point of view, the evaluation of the type of questions, candidates should first see the responsibility of the government, but then we should see that the government is not omnipotent, review the main knowledge of the textbook government, should think of the functions of the government, purpose, principles, the construction of a service-oriented government and authoritative government, etc., and finally linked to the material can be analyzed.

(2): the examination is the cultural life knowledge points, the angle is "inheritance of traditional culture" and "culture and economic relations", the candidates can be from the traditional culture has a relative stability and distinctive national, conducive to the inheritance and development of regional characteristics of traditional culture, to enhance the city's cultural heritage, to promote the development and development of traditional culture, to promote the development of traditional culture. The traditional culture is relatively stable and distinctive national, conducive to the inheritance and development of traditional culture with regional characteristics, enhance the cohesion of the city, enhance the sense of identity of the city, the culture of the economy, giving a significant impact on the economy, the culture and the economy are intertwined, culture for the construction of the economy to provide inexhaustible spiritual impetus and so on a few perspectives of the answer. Points: government, inheritance of traditional culture, culture and economic relations.