The main aspects and contents of government management innovation of government management innovation

In general government management innovation can be summarized into five major aspects: management style, management system, management institutions, management concepts, and innovation in management functions.

1. Innovation of government management style

Public participation and expert decision-making replace backroom operation and leadership pat. In the traditional government, the decision-making power of government management falls completely into the hands of bureaucrats, which according to the so-called rules and procedures to do things, through the hierarchy of authority to determine all the decision-making power. The underlying assumptions are: (1) that bureaucrats are impartial and objective; and (2) that the public is incapable of governing itself and should delegate its power to bureaucrats. But in fact, on the one hand, not only is the altruism of bureaucrats limited and unreliable, but they are also inherently self-interested, so their self-interest needs to be limited and supervised by laws, institutions, and public opinion. On the other hand, the people are the producers and possessors of knowledge, they care about their own interests, and they are capable and willing to manage their own affairs as well as the affairs of the country and society to which they belong. As a result, the traditional way of government management has many drawbacks and is very harmful. E-government provides the possibility of public participation in management through the openness of government information. E-government is people-oriented, and also greatly mobilizes the public to participate in and manage the enthusiasm.

2. Innovation of government management system

At the present stage, all levels of government in China are trying to build e-government. The construction of e-government will enable the democratic concept of "people-oriented" to replace the bureaucratic ideology of "government-oriented", and the decentralized system of "flat" to replace the centralized system of "pyramid". Pyramid-style" centralized system, to serve the community as the focus of government management functions instead of the implementation of government orders as the focus of government management functions; public participation and expert-assisted decision-making instead of backroom operations and leadership pat, streamlined institutions and high-quality civil servants instead of bloated institutions and low-quality civil servants. For thousands of years, the Chinese government has adopted a centralized "pyramid-style" system of government administration. This centralized system is characterized by "a hierarchy of organs and the principle of empowerment by various ranks, which implies a solid and orderly hierarchical system in which there exists a supervisory relationship between the higher and lower organs". And "on the occasions when the bureaucratic model is fully developed, the hierarchy of organs is organized in a personal dictatorship".

3. Innovations in Government Management Institutions

Streamlined institutions and highly qualified civil servants have replaced bloated institutions and low-quality civil servants. On the one hand, the e-government so that the "pyramid" management system into a "flat" management system, the objective requirement to reduce the level of management, streamlining the management organization. On the other hand, the electronic government to realize office automation, to improve administrative efficiency, simplify the management institutions to provide the technical possibilities. E-government, the quality of civil servants put forward higher requirements. Can be summarized as three aspects: ① moral and legal quality requirements; ② scientific and technological quality requirements; ③ physical and psychological quality requirements.

4. The innovation of the concept of government management

"People-oriented" democratic concept instead of "government-oriented" bureaucratic thinking. E-government is a very important task is to make the government information can be open, so that any citizen can at any time and any place through the computer Internet access to the government's Web site, to understand the country's development plans, policies and regulations, administrative dynamics, statistical data and other kinds of information. The construction of e-government will promote the strengthening of government service functions and the weakening of administrative functions, thus highlighting the idea of "people-oriented". Therefore, the development of e-government can effectively enhance the government's sense of public service, so as to better serve the people. So that the "people-oriented" democratic concept to replace the "government-oriented" bureaucratic thinking.

5. Innovation of government management functions

To service functions as the center of gravity instead of administrative functions as the center of gravity. E-government functions include the following three aspects: ① to deal with matters between the government (government-government); ② to deal with matters between the government and business (government ~ business), that is, the government through the computer Internet electronic procurement and bidding, tax collection, import and export of goods customs clearance. At the same time, it provides enterprise information services and legal advice, guides the direction of enterprise investment, reduces the burden on enterprises, and thus promotes enterprise production and trade; ③ Handling of affairs between the government and the people (government-citizen), i.e., the government provides information and consulting services through the computer Internet for citizens in the areas of education, employment, tax payment, housing, medical care, insurance, welfare, transportation, weather and so on. That is to say, the government provides citizens with information, consulting services and online application and registration procedures through the computerized Internet for education, employment, tax payment, housing, medical care, insurance, welfare, transportation, weather and other aspects, thus facilitating the social life of the people. Among the above three functions, "public e-service is the core of e-government and the main content of e-government construction". This makes the government management function change from focusing on administrative function to focusing on service function.

Government innovation in the implementation of e-government environment mainly refers to the government organization in order to adapt to modern information technology, adapt to changes in the use of the network, to adapt to the needs of the external environment of the formation of new structures, processes and management practices. Innovation is the process and method of modern government to enhance its competitiveness. Through innovation, the government can more effectively realize the change of functions, improvement of concepts, as well as the redesign and construction of institutional mechanisms and management services, so as to improve the overall efficiency of work. The government plays many roles, but its most important functions are mainly: management function and service function. Transformation of government functions, not only to change the government management function, but also to change the government service function. For thousands of years, the Chinese government has adopted a "pyramidal" centralized system of government administration. This centralized system is characterized by "the hierarchy of organs and the principle of various levels of authority, implying a solid and orderly hierarchical system, in which there exists a supervisory relationship between the higher and lower organs". Moreover, "on occasions when the bureaucratic model is fully developed, the hierarchy of organs is organized in the form of a personal dictatorship". In the age of knowledge economy, there is a big explosion of information and creation of knowledge. The "pyramidal" centralized bureaucratic government lacks the ability to learn new knowledge, lacks the ability to be flexible and adaptive, and at the same time is unable to grasp the ever-changing information, unable to cope with the emergence of new problems, unable to carry out difficult and complex scientific decision-making. The centralized bureaucratic government is more and more likely to lose control in the drastically changing environment, and its administrative behavior is more and more likely to deviate from the public **** objectives. So it is inevitable that the traditional model will change under the impetus of e-government.

The main contents of government management innovation include:

(1) Invoking high and new technology, especially information technology.

(2) in due course with procedural management instead of accountability management. Study and formulate a complete set of management work procedures and give it the ability and power of self-renewal, which is a significant and far-reaching capital construction of the government.

(3) The government should clarify the position it occupies, define its responsibilities, and optimize the procedures and ways of reforming the provision of management and services. It should respond to the reality of management and service needs and optimize the elements of human, material and financial resources, while formulating the optimal management implementation procedures to meet the needs of society.

(4) Establishing a new job performance evaluation system to make management work measurable, with the results of the evaluation serving as a standard for judging the performance of civil servants.

(5) Adapting the public ****administrative management methods to the market economy, focusing on planning and adopting more macro and indirect management methods, so as to achieve science and technology first and strengthen coordination.

Government service innovation is to do a good job in new ways and means of service to enterprises, society and individuals, and actively develop new areas of public **** services, which contains a part of the original management of the field of activities in the attitude of service to realize, change management into service, management in service. From the industrialized society to the information society in the process of transition, its most obvious feature is the great broadening of the public **** service areas, service projects, social intermediaries such as the flourishing rise, social self-service capacity has been significantly strengthened. The government's service function needs to be repositioned. The government should, as far as possible, provide public **** services with the help of society's own strength, and guide social organizations into the field of public **** services through mutual competition. The government should position itself to regulate the ways and procedures of providing public **** services and to determine who should provide public **** services through public tenders and other means, rather than directly providing public **** services itself. The use of modern information technology can make the flow of official documents in the past paper-based medium electronic, to a large extent, to improve the speed and security level of the flow of official documents, so that government departments to improve the ability to collect, summarize, classify and process information, as well as to respond to a variety of situations in a timely manner, so as to improve the government's macro-control capabilities. Computer network provides a two-way information transmission channel for the government and the public, which on the one hand is conducive to obtaining government information of government departments, breaks through the time and geographical constraints, and timely and correctly disseminates to the public in order to implement the government's policies; on the other hand, it is conducive to the timely and transparent return of information from the private sector, so that the government can timely understand the latest developments at the grassroots level, and provide a correct basis for the government's decision-making, thus forming a benign interaction between the government and the public. On the other hand, it is conducive to the timely and transparent feedback of information from the public, so that the government can keep abreast of the latest developments at the grassroots level and provide a correct basis for its decision-making, thus forming a positive interactive relationship between the government and the public. Different organs and departments can realize resources through the e-government system to *** enjoy, so as to eliminate the formation of the "information blind spot" due to poor information communication between departments.