Compared with the classical period, how much did Europe go backwards in the Middle Ages?

Hehe, in today's people's eyes, the Middle Ages were actually biased, and many things needed to be invented for the plot. For example, in the Middle Ages, people knew that the earth was round, light was composed of seven colors, and the earth was rotating, which also developed in medicine. The construction of a large number of castles and churches has also made mathematics and physics develop.

When it comes to the decline of medieval culture, most people will think of the church's imprisonment of ideas, but this is not correct. In fact, the place where Christianity broke superstition in the process of spreading, such as St. Bunifas, personally cut down an old oak tree that was passed down as a fairy to break local superstition. At the same time, most schools in the Middle Ages were invested and built by churches, which made positive contributions to the spread of knowledge and culture. The witches and monsters mentioned by some people are actually the products of panic and despair of people living in various epidemics during the Renaissance. As long as everyone who was educated at that time knew that this was nonsense, the church advocated fire and smoke, the isolation of patients and the burning of corpses to reduce the spread of diseases.

The alchemists in the Middle Ages thought that stone could be turned into gold and live forever (these were the two main research directions of alchemists), because science had not yet become a systematic theory at that time. In fact, not all magicians are alchemists, but doctors, scientists and charlatans also fall into this category. Among them, roger bacon is the most famous. He was born in England in 12 14. He drew the production of glasses, expounded the principles of reflection, refraction and spherical light difference, and the principle of mechanical propulsion of ships and vehicles. He even imagined that aircraft floating in the atmosphere could be made by burning liquid (the appearance of modern airships and airplanes was proved to be correct). He also studied alchemy and wrote a book for the Pope. It was highly valued by the Holy See, but when Pope John XXI (who had high attainments in medicine and logic and left medical works such as Eyes and Outline in Ethics) died in May 1277, his wonderful thoughts were condemned as heresy by the church, imprisoned for 14 years, and released in 1292.

Alchemists believe that gold is the most perfect metal in the world, and gold can be made by material synthesis or transformation technology, so they discovered gold plating technology. They believe that the life span of human beings can be extended indefinitely, thus promoting the development of medicine (mainly herbalism). They will treat diseases through traditional Chinese medicine and orthopedic diseases through surgery. Although this statement seems normal, if you have a fever unfortunately, the angelic nun tells you to have bleeding treatment. I wonder if you'd like to try. However, novel treatments did promote the development of medicine, and they even invented occupational anesthetics (not what people often say1early 9th century). Now people have invented synthetic oil and synthetic rubber, and found that metal glaze can be transformed into various metals, and lead can be transformed into gold through nuclear fission. Modern medicine has also proved that people's life can indeed be prolonged by medical means, and it will take time to prove whether they can live forever.

As for the persecution of Bruno and Copernicus, it is actually not exact. In fact, the Vatican's attitude towards Heliocentrism is quite tolerant, and it only regards Heliocentrism as a novel theory. The Holy See not only does not prevent anyone from studying Heliocentrism, but also does not interfere in many public debates between astronomers who support Heliocentrism and those who support geocentric theory. There are even many important figures in the Vatican, including the Archbishop, who support and encourage Copernicus to publish the theory of celestial movement. Astronomers who supported geocentric theory at that time used a famous metaphor: "The sun is like a torch and the earth is like a house. Torches can only illuminate every corner of the house, but not the house, so the geocentric theory is correct. " Astronomers who support Heliocentrism retorted with another famous metaphor, "In order to cook mutton in the wild, it is to let the mutton revolve around the torch, not the torch. Similarly, for God, the smartest thing is to let the earth go around the sun, not let the sun go around the earth. " Both sides hold their own words, and no one can convince anyone.

Bruno, who is not a scientist, defended Heliocentrism of Copernicus, not for scientific reasons at all, but because of his belief in the sun god. There is a special adjective in the Bible to describe them, which is called "wizard". He also used this as a reason to attack the Christian faith many times and destroy the church. Causing the church to be executed for heresy. At the same time, due to Bruno's influence, the church began to doubt the new science. Galileo was later placed under house arrest, but it was not long before the house arrest was loosened. He was able to communicate with the outside world and even his students, and sold the technology of making telescopes to Venice and China.

However, it must be said that the long-term war in the Middle Ages led to economic recession, but the natural economy of manor owners also created conditions for workshops and handicrafts, and also gave birth to capitalist economy. The long-term war promoted the development of the military, but there was no good carrier for spreading academics (paper was not invented in Europe). Although the church has opened the door to education for all, the underclass who are busy with their livelihood have no time to receive a good education, so people have this misunderstanding. But in the14th century, when papermaking and printing were introduced, European ideology and culture developed rapidly. The Middle Ages was actually the preparatory stage of the development of European science and culture.

Besides, don't think how advanced everything is now. How many people turn around and laugh at their confusion, but they don't know that they have made the best choice they could make at that time. Medieval people also accomplished everything they could do in their time.

Specifically, you can refer to the documentary "Medieval Life", which will make you have a great change in the Middle Ages. 7 and 8 have been deleted and modified, and I hope they can be adopted.