Specialty of Switzerland, Netherlands, Sweden and Denmark.

Industry is the main body of Swiss national economy, and its industrial output value accounts for about 50% of GDP. Switzerland's main industrial sectors include: watches, machinery, chemistry, food and other departments. Switzerland is called "the kingdom of clocks and watches". Since 1587, Geneva has been producing watches for more than 400 years, and has always maintained a leading position in the world watch industry. In recent years, the export volume of Swiss watches and clocks has greatly increased. Machinery manufacturing mainly produces textile machinery and power generation equipment. Machine tools, precision instruments, meters, transportation machinery, agricultural machinery, chemical machinery, food machinery and printing machinery are also very important. In recent years, the production of typewriters, computers, cameras and movie cameras has developed very rapidly. The products of the food industry are mainly for domestic demand, but cheese, chocolate, instant coffee and concentrated food are also world-famous, so Switzerland is also a chocolate kingdom. The chemical industry is also an important pillar of Swiss industry. At present, drugs account for about 2/5 of the output value of the chemical industry, and dyes, pesticides, balsams and essences also occupy an important position in the international market.

the Netherlands

Four treasures of Holland

windmill

The windmill was originally initiated by the Dutch and adapted to the needs of water utilization and mill industry. Although it is still a "national trademark" in the Netherlands, it is rare in practical application. Of course, we can't take the Dutch windmill back, but a small windmill model souvenir is ok, as a souvenir of your visit to Holland.

People often call the Netherlands "the country of windmills". The Netherlands is a country in Western Europe with a population of only10 million. Its real country name is Holland. "Ned" means low, and "Lan" means land, which are collectively called "low-lying countries". Only one third of the Netherlands is above the North Sea 1 m, and nearly one quarter is below the sea level. It is really a veritable "Netherlands".

The Netherlands is located in the prevailing westerly belt of the earth, and westerly winds blow all year round. At the same time, close to the Atlantic Ocean, it is also a typical maritime climate country with land and sea winds all year round. This gives the Netherlands, which lacks hydropower and power resources, generous compensation for using wind power.

Dutch windmills were originally imported from Germany. At first, windmills were only used for grinding and the like. In16th and 7th centuries, windmills were of great significance to the Dutch economy. There are also: papermaking and other functions, known as the "country of windmills". The Netherlands has always been famous for windmills. Where there are many windmills is "Children's Di Fang".

You read this story when you were a child, right? A little boy saw cracks in the dam and seawater seeping in. He was worried that the village would be submerged by the sea, so he blocked the dam with his fingers and saved the whole village …

Today, there are still 19 windmills here, and Dutch women in traditional costumes can be seen.

Until August 26th, it was the "windmill day" in the Netherlands this year. On Saturday, children's windmills in Di Fang will rotate together, and some of them will open their interiors for tourists to visit.

At that time, all kinds of raw materials, which occupied the primary position in world commerce, were transported to windmills by various waterways for processing, including: wood from Nordic countries and Baltic countries, hemp seeds and flax seeds from Germany, cinnamon and pepper from India and Southeast Asia. There are many windmills, sawmills and paper mills in the suburbs of Rotterdam and Amsterdam, the big ports in the Netherlands.

With the large-scale development of the Dutch people's reclamation project, windmills have played a huge role in this arduous project. According to the local wet and rainy climate and changeable wind direction, they reformed the windmill. The first is to equip the windmill with a movable canopy. In addition, in order to be exposed to the wind from all sides, they installed the roof of the windmill on rollers. This kind of windmill is called Dutch windmill.

The windmills in the Netherlands, the largest of which is several stories high, have wings as long as 20 meters. Some windmills are made of a whole piece of oak. 1by the end of the 8th century, there were about 12000 wind turbines in the Netherlands, each with 6000 horsepower. These windmills are used to grind grain, coarse salt, tobacco leaves, press oil, roll woolen cloth, felt, make paper and drain water from marshes. It is these windmills that constantly absorb water and drain water, ensuring that two-thirds of the country's land is free from destruction and the threat of artificial fish and turtles.

Since the 20th century, due to the development of steam engines, internal combustion engines and turbines, the ancient windmills that rely on wind power generation were once bleak and almost forgotten. However, because the windmill uses natural wind power, there is no danger of pollution and exhaustion, so it is not only used by the Dutch people today, but also becomes a new energy source, which deeply attracts people.

At present, there are about 2000 windmills of various types in the Netherlands. The Dutch love their windmills and often praise them in folk songs and proverbs. Windmill buildings are always dressed as beautifully as possible. In grand festivals, windmills are surrounded by garlands, and the sun and stars made of national flags and cardboard are hung.

tulip

Why is tulip famous in the world? One of the most important factors is the Netherlands. Tulip is the national flower of the Netherlands, and the Dutch love tulips very much. Tulips have become an indispensable thing in their lives. He always seems to play the leading role in expositions and flower shows. If you find it inconvenient to bring flowers, you can choose to buy dried flowers, which will be as decent as your decoration. Tulips in Holland are all in pieces, and many of them are.

cheese

If someone asks what's delicious in Holland, nine times out of ten they will think it's cheese. Dutch people have all kinds of cheeses, more than you can imagine. Cheese is graded like red wine, and the most expensive one will make you stunned. If you can accept this kind of food, you might as well buy some and try it first. Slight acidity and sweetness are perfectly combined, and the taste is very mellow.

sabot

Dutch wooden shoes windmills, wooden shoes, cheese and tulips are called the Four Treasures of the Study of the Netherlands, and wooden shoes rank first in Four Treasures of the Study, which shows their status. Wooden shoes have become a specialty of the Netherlands, which is related to short light cycle and low terrain. The sunny weather is less than 70 days all year round, which makes the Dutch love the sunshine just like Van Gogh's "sunflower", and makes them have to wear stocky wooden shoes to deal with the wet ground, and wear different styles of poplar wooden shoes to work in the fields, yard and even indoor cleaning. Later, the shrewd Dutch developed wooden shoes into semi-mechanical operation technology, and wooden shoes became characteristic products and tourist souvenirs. Dutch wooden shoes are just a handicraft. In fact, wooden shoes have important practical value for the Dutch, at least in history. Because the Dutch land is too wet, wooden shoes are the most moisture-proof and durable, so they have become the favorite of the Dutch.

Dutch snacks-eat herring raw

In addition, the Dutch eat herring in a very special way, not by frying or baking, but directly with chopped onions or some egg yolk salad dressing. It is sold at tourist attractions and stalls in downtown areas. In front of a fish stall in the Netherlands, you can always see well-dressed locals holding the fish tail with their thumbs and forefingers, hanging the fish upside down, dipping it in onions, raising their heads, aiming the fish head at their mouths, then opening their mouths wide, swallowing raw fish and munching it. The whole action was done in one go, which was very enjoyable.

Kitchen practice: wash the raw fish, soak it in salt water for 2-3 days, then take it out and remove the fish head and bones, and finally add some onions, which is delicious.

Denmark

Industry plays a leading role in the national economy. In 2003, the total industrial output value reached 542.37 billion Danish kroner, accounting for about 38.9% of the GDP. The number of employees is 423,000, accounting for 15.3% of the total employees. The main industrial sectors are: food processing, machinery manufacturing, petroleum exploration, shipbuilding, cement, electronics, chemicals, metallurgy, medicine, textiles, furniture, paper making and printing equipment. More than 60% of the products are exported, accounting for about 75% of the total export. Marine mainframe, cement equipment, hearing AIDS, enzyme preparations and artificial insulin are world-famous. Enterprises are mainly small and medium-sized.

Agriculture and animal husbandry are highly developed. In recent years, deeply influenced by the EU agricultural policy, the share of agriculture in the national economy has decreased year by year, but it still accounts for a large proportion in foreign trade. In 2003, the total output value of agriculture and animal husbandry (including fishery and forestry) was 64.493 billion kroner, accounting for 4.6% of the GDP of that year. The combination of agriculture and animal husbandry is mainly animal husbandry, and the output value of animal husbandry and forestry is 60.6 1.2 billion kroner, accounting for 94% of the total agricultural output value. There are 2.658 million hectares of cultivated land and 48,600 farms, with employees1kloc-0/0000, accounting for 3.6% of the total employment. The level of agricultural science and technology and productivity rank among the advanced countries in the world. Besides meeting the domestic market, about 65% of agricultural and livestock products are exported, accounting for 10.6% of the total export. The export volume of pork, cheese and butter ranks among the top in the world. Dan is the largest mink manufacturer in the world. In 2003, there were 65,438+0,998 mink farms, which produced about 65,438+0.22 million minks.

The world ranking is 15, the second in Europe and the largest fishing country in the EU, accounting for about 36% of the total catch in the EU. In 2002, the total catch was about 6.5438+0.328 million tons, mainly including cod, flounder, mackerel, eel and shrimp, which were mainly used to produce fish oil and fish.