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Full text of Wen Yiduo's Duanjie history education

During the Dragon Boat Festival, children asked about the origin of zongzi. Although I took the opportunity to teach Qu Yuan a lesson, I was laughing internally. I'm afraid I'm lying for the ancients. I don't know whether it's for the educational value of lying or for saving trouble and avoiding others. Anyway, the lie has been told and it is quite successful, because it seems that the children's curiosity is really satisfied. However, the end of children's curiosity is the starting point of their own curiosity. From that day on, I often have an idea in my heart: if I don't believe in lies, what is it? Is there any way to know the real origin of the Dragon Boat Festival? I finally found the clue, in that lie.

On May 5th, Qu Yuan gurgled and died, and the Chu people mourned. Every day, rice is stored in bamboo tubes and sacrificed in water. During the Jianwu period of the Han Dynasty, Changsha Ou suddenly met a man who claimed to be a doctor and said, "You often offer sacrifices and have a good heart. But it is often left behind, and the pain is stolen by the dragon. If there is any benefit today, you can put neem leaves on it and still tie them with colorful silk. These two things are also what Xiaolong is afraid of. " Go back to his words. The world uses colorful silk and neem leaves to make zongzi, which is a gurgling legacy. ("Continued Harmony")

How this legend came into being, we will talk about it later, in short, it is not credible. But the phrase "Zongzi is often eaten by dragons" is valuable news for my doubts. The two main programs of Dragon Boat Festival. There is no doubt that it is racing and eating zongzi. Here you should pay attention to the dragon boat used in the competition. Zongzi is often stolen by dragons when thrown into the water. Both main programs are related to dragons. If it is not a coincidence, I am afraid that the significance of the whole Dragon Boat Festival center will be explored from the story of the dragon. This is the first point. Another legend, the custom of race crossing originated from Gou Jian, the king of Yue, is also unreliable. But wuyue claimed to be a water town, saying that race is the rustic style of wuyue, which is not far from the truth. This is the second point. On the one hand, the two main programs of Dragon Boat Festival are related to dragons. On the other hand, at least one of the two programs has a particularly deep relationship with wuyue. If we can find the connection between wuyue and Dragon again, won't our problem be solved?

Is there any connection between wuyue and dragons? As we all know, the ancient Wu and Yue people had tattoos. The meaning of this custom, as explained by a Vietnamese at that time, is "when the sea is sinking, … and the dragon is arguing with me, so it is a tattoo." Those who rot like dragons will also avoid water. "("Shuo Yuan Shi Feng "recorded all the remarks. The so-called "water god" is a dragon. It turns out that Wuyue once regarded himself as the son of Xiaolong. On that premise, they think that Xiaolong is a harmful thing and good, but he will never kill his own "flesh and blood". So if something goes wrong, the responsibility should not be borne by Xiaolong. Because they believe that if people look like dragons and let them know that they are their own race, what will happen? As a result of this calculation, they cut their hair short. They have tattoos all over their bodies, trying to look like a dragon, which makes them feel safe. This is the whole theory of tattoo of Wu and Yue people. I have more detailed analysis and explanation of this totem-like psychology elsewhere. It should be noted that the connection between wuyue and Dragon that we hoped above actually exists. According to this connection, I think everyone will come to the conclusion that the Dragon Boat Festival was originally a totem festival held by Wuyue people, and the dragon boat race was a semi-religious and semi-social entertainment program in this festival. As for throwing zongzi into the water, it was originally for dragons to enjoy, so it goes without saying. In short, the Dragon Boat Festival is a dragon festival, and its origin is far before Qu Yuan-I don't know how far it is!

According to "Customs Tong" and "Notes on the Chronicle of Jingchu", on May 5th, the ancient custom of tying arms with colored silk was called "longevity rope". We suspect that tying arms with colored silk is a disguised tattoo. There is a saying in a National Policy that "I hope that the mistakes in writing will make the people in Ouyue worse" (Zhao Ce II). It can be seen that one of the main parts of tattoo application is two arms. The second purpose of tattooing, as mentioned above, is to ensure the safety of life. From the formal point of view, the colored silk arm is similar to the staggered arm pattern, and the name "Longevity Rope" proves that it also has a life-saving function, so we can say that the colored silk arm is a legacy of the tattoo custom of the ancient Wuyue people, and there will be no big mistakes. It suddenly dawned on me that today's children are hung with colorful silk threads, or colored silk, or dyed wheat straw, and all kinds of strange gadgets are also substitutes for tattoos. Tattoos are like dragons. As mentioned above, running and eating zongzi are all related to dragons. Now we find that the background of the colorful silk tied arm is also a dragon. Isn't this another evidence for the fact that the Dragon Boat Festival is the Dragon Boat Festival? I think it is worthy of the name. This festival is called Dragon Son Festival for short.

I seem to have exposed a lie above. But in that lying job, I am not without some regrets. I have mentioned that lies have educational value. In fact, I don't think lies are beautiful until they are exposed. If children can't see the origin of zongzi next year, I think: this lie is still indispensable to my topic. No, I will tell them the truth after telling them the truth. I would say this:

"The custom of eating zongzi is really old! I'm afraid its origin was at least four or five thousand years ago. At that time, people's education was very low. Are there any illustrations of Li nationality in Hainan Island in your's textbook? They are just like that, all embroidered with patterns and full of ugly images. But deep down, they are really poor. At that time, under the threat of natural forces, people often suspected that a creature or inanimate object had incredible supernatural power, so they decided that it was the ancestor and protector of their whole nation, that is, to depict the shape of totem on their own bodies and daily utensils in an attempt to strengthen their connection with totem. It is convenient to obtain the protection of totem. In ancient wuyue, people used dragons as totems to show their status as "dragons" and to consolidate their protected rights. That's why tattoos are customary. Once a year, just today, they will hold a grand totem festival, putting all kinds of food in bamboo tubes or wrapped in leaves and throwing them into the water. Give it to the totem god to eat. After that, I was still rowing a canoe depicting Jackie Chan, accompanied by drums (there was probably no gong at that time). Play a water race, for the totem god and for yourself. All this, although lively on the surface, only appeals for the protection of life in a trembling mood. So from the point of view of a cold-eyed observer. It's really sad. This is the meaning of the oldest Dragon Boat Festival.

"One or two thousand years have passed, due to constant exploration. People have learned some effective ways to control nature, and gradually gained a little self-confidence, so their attitude towards their totem god has gradually changed from flattering and wooing to threatening and resisting. In the end, he actually struggled out of the naive totem culture, so that he almost forgot about it. Well, he has recovered now and made great progress. At this time, people race dragon boats and eat zongzi. Although they are still a little nervous, there is a little joy of victory in their nervousness. They are civilized people now! It was at this cultural stage that we became familiar with wuyue in the Spring and Autumn Period.

"But, don't be optimistic! Just when I was a little sure about defeating nature, human beings discovered that the second enemy was themselves. In the past, people's difficulty was how to survive. Life is probably not a problem now, but how to live brilliantly. Honor is a matter of conscience, but we should know that conscience is born with sin. As soon as the era entered the Warring States period, people thought that there were too many evils for Qu Yuan's conscience to bear and he could not live gloriously, so he would rather die, so Qu Yuan cast a gurgle! Yes, the era of survival has long passed, and the Dragon Boat Festival has long lost its meaning. From Yueguo to today, it should be an era of how to survive brilliantly. If we want this festival to exist, we must give it a meaning that our times need.

"But for this purpose, what is a more appropriate symbol than the death of Qu Yuan? Who first lied that the Dragon Boat Festival started in memory of Qu Yuan? I admire his great wisdom! Dragon Boat Festival begins with survival and strives for a glorious death. There is infinite truth in this lie! "

If you want to tell the children, you might as well stop here. Even if the children don't quite understand this meaning, they have to understand it sooner or later, right?

1July 943

Originally published in Kunming Life Herald, July 3rd, No.32 1943.

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