What methods can be used for sterilization and disinfection in aquaculture?

What methods can be used for sterilization and disinfection in aquaculture? Aquatic bactericides are used for disinfection and sterilization, such as trichloroisocyanuric acid powder, benzalkonium bromide solution, bromochlorohydantoin powder, glutaraldehyde solution, chlorine dioxide, povidone iodine solution, etc.

In aquaculture, solid disinfectants and liquid disinfectants are generally used for disinfection. Common solid disinfectants include chlorine dioxide, trichloroisocyanuric acid, bromochlorohydantoin, dibromohydantoin and so on. Common liquid disinfectants include strong acid iodine, povidone iodine, glutaraldehyde, benzalkonium bromide, dithiocyanomethane and so on.

What method of sterilization and disinfection is safe for aquaculture? The disinfection of aquatic products should be carried out according to the characteristics of aquaculture. When selecting disinfectants, we mainly consider the common disinfectants which are strong in killing pathogens, low in toxicity to fish and shrimp, soluble in water, stable and convenient to use in disinfection environment, and Danish DCW disinfectant is more suitable.

Whether Artemisia annua can be used for sterilization and disinfection of aquaculture Artemisia annua is generally not used for sterilization and disinfection of aquaculture. Types of disinfectants for aquaculture:

1. 1 halogen disinfectant

Chlorine disinfectant

Chlorine-containing disinfectants mainly refer to a large class of disinfectants soluble in water to produce hypochlorous acid. At present, the commonly used chlorine-containing disinfectants mainly include sodium hypochlorite, bleaching powder, chlorine dioxide, chloramine -T, trichloroisocyanuric acid, sodium dichloroisocyanurate and chlorobromotrimeric isocyanate. This kind of disinfectant mainly acts on protein by forming hypochlorous acid in water, destroying its phosphate dehydrogenase or having an oxidation reaction with protein, resulting in bacterial death. Hypochloric acid decomposes to form new ecological oxygen, oxidizes bacterial protein or directly acts on bacterial protein to form nitrogen-chlorine complex, which interferes with cell metabolism and leads to bacterial death. Chlorine-containing disinfectants are widely used in aquatic products, and the market is huge. Among them, chlorine dioxide is highly regarded as a green disinfectant, which has the characteristics of high efficiency and broad spectrum and can kill many pathogenic microorganisms (such as bacteria, fungi, viruses and parasites). It is 2-6 times the killing ability of common chlorine preparation. It does not produce harmful substances (halogenated organic substances) after acting on water, and the body is not easy to produce drug resistance and has no residue. It is a green disinfectant. With the decline in the price of chlorine dioxide in recent years, its production and application are becoming more and more common.

Bromine disinfectant

In recent years, bromine disinfectants have gradually appeared and been widely welcomed by people. Their typical representatives are bromochlorohydantoin, dibromohydantoin and newly developed bromine-rich. This series of disinfectants mainly reduce the surface tension of microorganisms, destroy the organic protective film, promote the affinity between halogen and pathogenic protein molecules, and improve the bactericidal activity by forming hypobromic acid in water. Compared with the traditional chlorine preparation, this disinfectant has the advantages of high bactericidal effect, broad spectrum, long duration, low volatility and low corrosion to metals.

Iodine disinfectant

Iodine, iodophor and PVP-I are commonly used in aquatic products. Iodine can oxidize the active groups of pathogen cytoplasmic proteins, and can combine with protein to oxidize or iodinate sulfhydryl compounds, peptides, protein, enzymes and lipids, thus achieving the purpose of sterilization. This disinfectant is also a broad-spectrum disinfectant, which has different degrees of killing effect on most bacteria, fungi and viruses.

1.2 disinfectants for phenols, aldehydes and alcohols

Phenols, such as Lysol, phenol and compound phenol, can denature and precipitate bacterial protein or inactivate some oxidases, which are effective for bacteria, fungi and most diseases, but not for spores.

Alcohol, ethanol, isopropanol, etc. It can denature protein of bacteria and interfere with microbial metabolism, and is mainly effective for bacteria.

Aldehyde and glutaraldehyde can combine with amino acids in protein, denature protein, inactivate enzymes, and kill bacteria, spores, viruses, parasites, algae and fungi. Glutaraldehyde has the characteristics of broad spectrum, high efficiency, quick effect and low toxicity, and has been gradually applied to aquatic products, with great development prospects.

1.3 acid-base disinfectant

Acids such as citric acid, acetic acid, lactic acid, formic acid and peracetic acid can denature, precipitate or dissolve bacterial protein, and kill various bacteria and fungi. Acetic acid can kill insects and improve water quality; Peroxyacetic acid has good sterilization effect, safe decomposition products and no adverse effects on the environment.

Commonly used alkalis are calcium oxide (quicklime) and ammonium hydroxide solution (ammonia water). The mixture of calcium oxide and water produces calcium hydroxide, which releases a lot of heat, which can quickly dissolve the bacterial protein membrane and make it lose its vitality, thus killing pathogens and pests remaining in the pond. Because of its low price, it is widely used for pond cleaning and disease prevention.

Commonly used salts are sodium chloride, sodium bicarbonate, disodium EDTA, ferrous sulfate, borax and so on. Sodium chloride aqueous solution can be used as hyperosmotic agent, which can change the osmotic pressure of pathogens through medicated bath, making intracellular fluid's body imbalance, and is often used to prevent and treat bacterial, fungal or parasitic diseases. Sodium bisulfate combined with salt is often used to control water mold; EDTA is a broad-spectrum metal complexing agent, which is often used as a water softener in aquatic products.

1.4 heavy metal salt

Potassium permanganate, copper sulfate, mercury salt and silver salt can combine with bacterial protein to produce protein salt precipitation, which is mainly effective for bacteria and fungi, but less effective for spores and viruses. Potassium permanganate is a strong oxidant, which plays a bactericidal role by oxidizing active groups in bacteria. It is usually used for disinfection of ponds, fish and other aquatic organisms. In recent years, people have developed ferrate disinfectants such as potassium ferrate, strontium ferrate and barium ferrate, which have stronger oxidation activity and bactericidal power than potassium permanganate, and are called a kind of aquatic disinfectants with great development potential.

1.5 quaternary ammonium salt disinfectant

Bromogeramine, chlorhexidine, domiphen, disinfection net, Baidusha, etc. Hydrophobic groups in the molecular structure can penetrate into the plasma membrane and protein layer of bacteria, changing the permeability of bacteria, leading to the leakage of enzymes, coenzymes and metabolites in bacteria, hindering the respiration and glycolysis process of bacteria, and denaturing the protein of bacteria. It has the advantages of low bactericidal concentration, toxicity, no corrosion and bleaching, good water solubility and stable performance. It can inhibit bacteria at low concentration and kill most bacterial propagules and some diseases at high concentration.

1.6 peroxide disinfectant

Peracetic acid, hydrogen peroxide, calcium peroxide, ozone, etc. Strong oxidation ability, releasing new ecological oxygen when encountering organic matter, and oxidizing active groups in bacteria. This disinfectant has strong bactericidal ability, is easily soluble in water, and can be decomposed in water to generate oxygen, and can also be used as an oxygenator. It is recognized as a pollution-free disinfectant in recent years.

1.7 dye disinfectant

Methylene blue, acridine, etc. It can combine with carboxyl group or amino group of bacterial protein, and affect bacterial metabolism. Methylene blue can be used not only for sterilization and disinfection, but also for the treatment of some protozoa (such as gourd disease), and it is one of the drugs approved by FDA.

1.8 Chinese herbal medicine disinfectant

People pay more and more attention to the use of Chinese herbal medicines for disinfection. Many Chinese herbal medicines have gradually entered the aquatic disinfectant market with their advantages of good effect, low price, rich resources and little toxic and side effects. Commonly used are garlic, tobacco, rhubarb, sapium sebiferum, melia azedarach, gallnut, rhubarb, maple leaf, Polygonum hydropiper, camphor leaf, plantain, Euphorbia humifusa, calamus, eucalyptus leaf and so on.

Aquaculture should prevent water pollution, and what disinfection should be used for disease transmission? Selection of sterilization and disinfectant for aquaculture;

1. bleaching powder: bleaching powder is a mixture of calcium hypochlorite, calcium chloride and calcium hydroxide. Calcium hypochlorite, the main component of bleaching powder, reacts with water to generate unstable hypochlorous acid, and its bactericidal effect mainly depends on hypochlorous acid and hypochlorous acid ions generated by decomposition. Hypochloric acid will immediately decompose active chlorine and nascent state oxygen, thus producing chlorination and oxidation reactions on bacterial protoplasm proteins, thus playing a bactericidal role. Its germicidal efficacy is greatly influenced by the organic matter content and pH value in water. The bactericidal effect is enhanced in acidic environment and weakened in alkaline environment.

2. Chlorine dioxide (ClO2): a light yellow gas at room temperature. It is both an oxidant and a chlorine-containing preparation. It is the fourth generation disinfectant after the first generation disinfectant bleaching powder, the second generation disinfectant excellent chlorine essence and the third generation strong chlorine essence. There is adsorption between the effective components of chlorine dioxide and virus capsid protein, which leads to high concentration of disinfection molecules on the surface of virus particles, thus strengthening its killing effect. Not only can be prepared or stored in a metal container; Do not mix with acidic organic substances and flammable substances to prevent spontaneous combustion.

3. Oxidant: Potassium permanganate, whose alias is gray manganese oxide, potassium permanganate and manganese-strong gray-black purple crystal, has a blue metallic luster, is odorless and easily soluble in water, and the liquid is rosy. Using the unstable bound oxygen in the molecular structure, nascent state oxygen can be released when it meets organic matter or enzyme, so that the organic matter is rapidly oxidized, and active groups such as sulfhydryl (-SH) in enzyme protein and protoplasm protein are oxidized into disulfide bonds (-S-S-). It is an extremely unstable strong oxidant. Contact with some organic substances or oxides is easy to explode.

4. Quaternary ammonium salts: recognized as low-efficiency disinfectants, which are easy to produce drug-resistant bacteria and cannot kill Gram-negative bacteria. Disinfectants themselves are easily contaminated by microorganisms. Can not kill spores, there are residues, which are obviously corrosive to aluminum products.

5. Phenol/coal phenol soap: an intermediate disinfectant, which is corrosive, difficult to degrade and harmful to the environment. Can't kill spores. A/B clean area should be used, disinfected and filtered.

What is the general method of disinfection of aquaculture water? What are the characteristics? Common disinfection methods in aquaculture;

1. Physical disinfection method: impurities and pollutants in aquaculture water are removed by sedimentation tank filtration or zeolite powder adsorption. This method will not cause secondary pollution to the breeding environment, but its weakness is the amazing waste of resources.

2. Chemical drug treatment: This method is a traditional aquaculture treatment method that has lasted for decades, that is, using organic or inorganic compounds such as quicklime, bleaching powder, flocculant, chlorine-containing or bromine-containing disinfectant and some dyes to improve water quality. This method can only take effect in a short time, but it will have adverse effects on cultured animals while improving the water environment, and some even have a significant impact on the environment and food safety.

3. Microbial control method: beneficial microorganisms absorb ammonia nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen and hydrogen sulfide in water, effectively decompose macromolecular organic matter and inhibit the reproduction of pathogenic bacteria. This is a radical environmental treatment method and the best measure to promote green farming.

What is the best way to sterilize indoors? 1. The best method for indoor sterilization is a professional sterilization and disinfection mechanism, which can be completely removed according to the characteristics of different pollution sources through brand-new photocatalyst technology. 2. In addition to the professional sterilization and disinfection machine, if you can install a 30-watt low-ozone ultraviolet lamp indoors and irradiate it for more than 1 hour every day, it can also effectively kill toxic and harmful substances in the air. 3. In addition, fumigation with traditional Chinese medicine, spraying with traditional Chinese medicine and steaming with peracetic acid are also good indoor disinfection methods; However, after using these methods, it is necessary to ventilate.

What method is generally safer for disinfection of secondary water supply? The main reason for disinfection of secondary water supply is to remove the biofilm in the pipeline. At present, chlorine dioxide disinfection and Danish DCW sterilization system disinfection are widely used. As far as safety is concerned, it should be Danish DCW sterilization system. Chlorine dioxide is an explosive gas. Chlorine dioxide is easily decomposed into oxygen and chlorine when exposed to light, which leads to explosion. Usually on-site preparation. Danish DCW sterilization system produces sterilization liquid by electrolyzing salt to form hypochlorous acid, which is degradable after sterilization, non-toxic and safe, and simple to operate.

Is there any residual food-grade disinfectant for aquaculture? Octavius D50 is mainly composed of silver hydrogen peroxide, which is a food-grade highly concentrated disinfectant. Colorless, odorless, nontoxic and without residue. Its bactericidal performance is much higher than that of common disinfectants such as chlorine, quaternary ammonium salt, pure hydrogen peroxide and aldehydes. Octavian is widely used in agriculture, water quality improvement, aquaculture, animal husbandry, packaging and food processing industries because of its ecological residue-free characteristics. It is especially suitable for disinfection, sterilization, mildew prevention and preservation of production sites and import and export products with high requirements. Octex D50 is a multi-component disinfectant. The oxidant used is peroxide, which is combined with stabilizer to form a composite solution. Trace silver ions added as catalysts can maintain long-term effectiveness. The bactericidal effect of silver ions is based on the strong combination of monovalent silver ions with bacterial proteins through valence bonds and coordination bonds, thus inactivating or precipitating bacteria.

Features:

Fish that can be quickly killed include (1) explosive hemorrhagic disease, enteritis, bacterial gill rot, erythroderma, bacterial septicemia, ulcer, coccidiosis, bacteria, hepatobiliary syndrome, eimeria, gill mold, edema disease, white spot disease, vesicular disease, bream disease, anchovy bream disease, and third-generation helminthiasis.

② Crabs include enteritis, black gill disease, rotten gill disease, edema disease, fiber disease, trembling disease and other diseases.

(3) Shrimp includes: fiber disease, fulminant, epidemic shrimp disease, red leg disease, rotten eye disease, brown spot disease, white spot disease, gill rot disease, fluorescent disease, red stomach disease, fungal disease and other diseases.

④ Prevention and treatment of other aquatic diseases.

And is colorless, odorless, nontoxic and residue-free, and has no side effects on water bodies. It can be used in different breeding varieties of fish, shrimp, shellfish and crab, different growth stages of eggs, seedlings and finished products, as well as tools and feeds. Compared with chlorine preparation, bromine preparation and aldehyde disinfectant, it is non-toxic and safe for aquatic animals.

What is used for disinfection of aquaculture in Shanxi? To engage in aquaculture in Shanxi, it is suggested to detect the content of heavy metals in water first. As for the disinfection of aquaculture, it is no different from other places: it is very important to disinfect according to the characteristics of local bacterial activities. It is not easy to use that disinfectant to achieve your desired effective purpose. If you don't know, I suggest consulting the local aquatic drug store, which is very familiar with them.