How many steps are involved in building a door in ancient times? Simple door actually have so much to say

Ancient doors and modern doors are completely different, the main door of the ancient compound are generally double, from a distance, magnificent, close to see the details of exquisite. In fact, in ancient times to build a door has very much to pay attention to, need about 10 kinds of parts to form a complete door. And each part is carefully designed, there are many small details hidden in it, if you do not look closely it is difficult to see the heart of the place. So this time for you to talk about the ancient door in the end is what to pay attention to, interested in the following to take a look at it.

The ancients said that "the house to the portal for the crown belt", the door is a family of the spit of the place, is an important part of the traditional Chinese ancient architecture is indispensable. The door is a symbol of social status and official rank in ancient times, and the shape of the door also reflects the strict hierarchy.

A gateway to an old mansion, highlighting the long history of ancient architectural culture, as well as the wisdom of our ancient master craftsmen. In this issue, we are going to learn about the components of ancient architectural gates, generally composed of door frames, door heads, door fans, door hairpins, door piers, door rings, door nails and so on.

Door frame

The door frame is composed of two frames on the left and right plus a flat square on the face of a frame, fixed in the house between the pillars or between the wall holes, mainly for the placement of the door of the use of the door.

The width of the door is naturally less than the width of the door between the pillars. The increase in the door frame must be added at the same time many door components, so the structure of the gate seems to be very simple, in fact, there are many details of the decoration and pay attention to.

The door frame has a wooden door frame and stone door frame, wooden door frame is generally installed in the wooden wall or two sides of the brick, earth wall enclosing the formation of the head house, while the stone door frame is installed in the thicker brick, earth wall.

Doorhead

On the doorframe, there was initially a simple two-sided sloping roof, which was used as a shelter from the sun and rain, and this small roof on the door was called the "doorhead".

The door not only has a functional role, but also decorative role, it makes the door look more grand. Later, the practical function of the head of the door is increasingly fading, gradually evolved into a cover in the door on the purely decorative part.

The delicacy of the door, the threshold of the high and low, in a silent statement of the nation once, on the family relationship is so important.

The doorway

The doorway is the most important part of the gate itself, and in ancient times it was most commonly of two panels, but also of one or more. In ancient Chinese architecture, such doors were made of wooden panels.

In the case of an average home, the width of a door leaf was at least half a meter, while for large buildings such as temples and palaces, the door leaf could reach one meter or even more.

The gate is made of strong materials and heavy materials, usually plate door and not do the partition door, with better shelter and defense performance. The door of the gate more elaborate paint, especially vermilion paint shows the most rank.

Door pillows

In order to support the door, often in the door under the sill at both ends of the pier, pier chiseled with a small eye to place the door shaft. This support door door shaft pier, called the "door pillow".

Strong door shaft with a huge door, the entire center of gravity are falling on the door pillow stone, and rotate freely around it. Door pillows are mostly stone, also known as "door pillow stone". Door pillow stone is generally divided into two parts, that is, part of the door in the door, part of the door outside.

Door pillow stone exposed in the door outside the part of the carving, that is, the ancients often referred to as the "door when". Beautiful shape, elaborate patterns, leaving space for craftsmen to fully demonstrate their skills.

Door hairpin

Door hairpin is a decorative object on the lintel of the door of the ancient building, originating from the ancient women's head ornaments and named. The door hairpin was originally used to fix the door frame for the door to rotate with the pillar, two door hairpin can play a fixed role.

The ancient so-called "door to door" in the pair, refers to the ancient door on the door hairpin, so the door hairpin also has a rank, marking the status of the head of household. The number of "household pairs" can be seen in the official rank of the owner, one to five can be six, six to seven can be four, other small officials or ordinary families are limited to two.

Door hairpins in various shapes, front or carved or depicted, decorated with flowers or rare animals and birds. There are also often "spring orchids and summer lotus", "autumn chrysanthemums and winter plums", "good luck", "fortune, fortune, life and virtue, "peace in the world" and so on. Only two door hairpins, the carving of "good luck" and other characters.

Door cymbals

Door switch, with the help of the handles to achieve, the handles also have the role of knocking. In order to pull the hand looks beautiful, in the hand and the door of the connection with the base, called the "door cymbal". The door cymbal is named after its shape, which resembles the cymbal in folk instruments.

Door cymbals are not only practical, but also highly decorative. Made of metal, they are round or hexagonal in plan, with a round knob protruding from the center, like an inverted bowl, on which hangs a ring or piece of metal.

The part around the knob is called the "circle", which is carved with openwork patterns, or made into auspicious symbols or ruyi patterns, which is to increase the decorative effect of the door cymbals.

The guests can tap the door cymbal to inform the master, in the official family, the door cymbal is often made into a beast face, also known as the "head of the store", another function to drive away demons and evil spirits.

Pave the head

Door cymbals in the most distinctive form when the head of the store, some people will be called the door cymbals in the best. Most of the animal face copper, animal-shaped eyes, teeth exposed, mouth with a large ring. The head of the beast like a dragon, like a dragon, like a lion, like a lion, to avoid evil, the meaning of the house.

The head of the pavement is only the base of the door ring, the head of the pavement ring is a complete door ring. Traditional door head is not just a decorative component, ancient times, the use of the head has a strict hierarchy.

Ming history records: "Prince House four cities main door to Dan paint gold nails copper ring; Gong Wangfu door green oil copper ring; hundred officials in the first public marquis door with gold lacquer animal face tin ring; one or two products of the official door green oil animal face tin ring; three to five products of the official door black oil tin ring; six to nine products of the official door black oil iron ring ...... ".

Door ring

Door ring, commonly known as ringer, is a pull handle installed on the door. The origin of the door ring can be traced back to the Spring and Autumn Period, until the Tang Dynasty, only the official government and the gate of the temple can enjoy the "store head ring", ordinary people's house door is not allowed to have any decoration. After the Song Dynasty, the door ring gradually to the people.

Door ring majestically fastened on the door above, the gorgeous door ring to the door to the eye. Inside the yard people go out with both hands to pull the middle of the leaf-shaped piece or iron ring on the door; outsiders are lightly buckle the door ring, in order to call the yard people open the door. There are acquaintances to come, buckle the number of loud and light weight have a constant.

Door ring is a set of practical, decorative and rank as one of the ancient building components, is a very important part of the ancient Chinese "door culture".

Door nails

Door nails began to play only a reinforcing role, because the door panels are mostly assembled together, in the combination of the installation of door nails to reinforce the exposed nail cap was beaten into a mushroom shape, and later gradually become a door decoration.

Door nails in ancient times, also known as "compost nails", compost is the bubbles on the water surface, to describe the door nails on the door as if floating in the water bubbles, door nails are usually nailed into the door about one inch.

The number of door nails is very delicate, the Qing Dynasty regulations, nine road door nails can only be decorated with palaces, the Prince's House with seven roads, the Prince's House with five roads. Civilian homes are not allowed to use the door nail decoration.

Like the royal building of the door nails horizontal nine-way, vertical nine-way, the emperor's palace door has eighty-one door nails, the ancient to "nine of five," said the emperor of the position.

Threshold

Threshold is located in the lower end of the door frame horizontal wood, stone, is the door in the door outside the demarcation line. Threshold higher, to a certain extent, can play a role in hindering the wind, sand, water, insects, rodents and other invasive effect.

The threshold is a symbol of the rituals of the host and the guest across the threshold into the hall, the head needs to be lowered, look at their own feet to prevent bumping, which is a respect for the host. There is a saying that "folded the threshold will be no inside and no outside", indicating that the threshold is the family order inside and outside the different ritual boundaries.

Anciently, stepping on people's thresholds was an act of disrespect to the owner of the house, and the threshold was later extended to block both the wealth and life, so people often say "I met the threshold" when things are not going well, and I often hear that the thresholds of so-and-so's house are high, which means that the family is in good condition.

A buckle and a push, full of historical flavor of the Chinese door. Watch the stone piers on the drum stone pattern, counting the door hairpin on the "Households", paving hand ring knocked out the low crash sound, push open the creaking ancient building door, a long history of legends come face to face.

House door as the facade of the Chinese compound, often give the most intuitive first impression, whether from the shape, structure, or carvings, decoration, are the most centralized embodiment of traditional Chinese ancient architectural art.