What kinds of measuring instruments are there (various measuring instruments and their names)

What kinds of measuring instruments are there?

Measuring instruments include: level, theodolite, electromagnetic wave range finder, etc.

The concepts of measuring instruments include: accuracy, error, measuring standard equipment, length measurement, angle measurement, shape measurement and traditional optical instruments. Application in precision measurement.

There are two kinds of measuring instruments: contact and optical test: universal measuring tool and 3D measuring tool. CMM, also called 3D, can measure many complicated space dimensions, such as molds and automobile products.

Phase ranging method

After one end of the measuring line is transmitted and returned from the other end, the phase difference between the transmitted wave and the echo is measured by the phase detector. If the modulation frequency is f, the time of electromagnetic wave going back and forth is: where n is

The number of whole cycles in time t. Substitute t into the formula of the above pulse ranging method, and the distance d is:, where λ is the length of the scale whose known modulation wavelength is equivalent to the measuring distance, and n is the mantissa less than one scale.

In order to determine the number n of whole legs, frequency conversion method and multi-stage fixed frequency method are usually used. The former is to make the modulation frequency of the rangefinder change continuously within a certain range, which is equivalent to changing the length of the measuring ruler continuously, so that it can just achieve the distance to be measured.

When ranging, the frequencies are modulated one by one to make the mantissa less than the whole foot equal to zero. According to the times of zero occurrence and the corresponding frequency value, the number n of the whole measuring ruler can be determined. When using the multi-level frequency fixing method, it is equivalent to measuring the same distance with several measuring rulers with different lengths. According to the phase difference measured at different frequencies, the integer number n can be solved, and the distance d can be obtained.

Various measuring instruments and names

Measuring instruments include theodolite, level, flat instrument, electromagnetic wave range finder, gyro theodolite, laser measuring instrument, hydrostatic level, etc.

The concepts of measuring instruments include: accuracy, error, measuring standard equipment, length measurement, angle measurement, shape measurement and traditional optical instruments. Application in precision measurement.

There are two kinds of measuring instruments: contact testing and optical testing: general measuring tools and 3D measuring tools. CMM, also called 3D, can measure many complicated space dimensions, such as molds and automobile products.

Function of theodolite

Theodolite is a measuring instrument for measuring horizontal angle and vertical angle, which is designed according to the principle of angle measurement. It is divided into optical theodolite and electronic theodolite, and the most commonly used one is electronic theodolite.

Theodolite is the mechanical part of the telescope, which enables the telescope to point in different directions. The theodolite has two perpendicular rotating shafts to adjust the azimuth and horizontal height of the telescope. Theodolite is an angle measuring instrument, which is equipped with sighting part, horizontal dial and reading index, vertical dial and reading index.

Complete collection of measuring instruments for architectural engineering

Common engineering measuring instruments are:

1. theodolite: an instrument for measuring horizontal and vertical angles. It consists of a telescope, a horizontal dial, a vertical dial and a base. According to the reading equipment, it is divided into vernier theodolite, optical theodolite and electronic theodolite. Theodolite is widely used in control, topography and construction lofting.

2. Level: an instrument for measuring the height difference between two points. It consists of a telescope, a level and a base. According to the structure: fixed mirror level, rotating mirror level, slightly inclined level and automatic leveling level. Level is widely used in control, topography and construction lofting.

3. Flat panel instrument: the main instrument for manual mapping of large-scale topographic maps on the ground. It consists of a collimator, a flat plate and a bracket. Adding an electromagnetic wave ranging device to the collimator can make the operation more convenient and fast.

theodolite

An instrument for measuring horizontal and vertical angles. It consists of a telescope, a horizontal dial, a vertical dial and a base. According to the reading equipment, it is divided into vernier theodolite, optical theodolite and electronic theodolite. Theodolite is widely used in control, topography and construction lofting. China theodolite series has six models: DJ07, DJ 1, DJ2, DJ6, DJ 15 and DJ60.

Three kinds of measuring instruments commonly used in construction site

There are many instruments used by engineering surveyors, but the commonly used instruments are total station, level and GNSSRTK or CORSRTK. But in addition to these slightly larger companies or units, drones may also be used, especially small drones. But there are also three-dimensional laser scanners and radars that are not commonly used.

Mainly gps, RTK, total station, level. GPS is mainly used as a control network, and some roads have long routes, so it is more convenient and simple to use GPS for control. For road survey, please refer to "Highway Survey Code" and "Railway Survey Code", which involves the time of GPS survey and the accuracy of data processing. RTK is mainly used to set out and measure the strip map of highway, as well as the section and volume. Rtk survey is better in plain areas, but not ideal in mountainous areas. The accuracy of total station is higher than RTK in lofting and quality acceptance, especially the elevation is much higher than RTK. The level is mainly used for the elevation control network, which is super flat with the road. When excavating, the elevation is set, and the accuracy is basically enough for third-and fourth-class leveling!

What are the common measuring instruments?

Measuring instruments include theodolite, level, flat instrument, electromagnetic wave range finder, gyro theodolite, laser measuring instrument, hydrostatic level, etc.

The concepts of measuring instruments include: accuracy, error, measuring standard equipment, length measurement, angle measurement, shape measurement and traditional optical instruments. Application in precision measurement.

There are two kinds of measuring instruments: contact testing and optical testing: general measuring tools and 3D measuring tools. CMM, also called 3D, can measure many complicated space dimensions, such as molds and automobile products.

Theodolite is the main angle measuring instrument in measurement.

1, theodolite consists of sighting part, horizontal reading plate and base.

2, the role of theodolite parts

Brake screw of aiming part: fix the aiming part so that it cannot move in the horizontal direction. Micro screw of sight part: make the sight part rotate slightly in the horizontal direction to aim at the target accurately.

Telescope brake screw: brake the telescope so that it cannot rotate in the vertical direction.

Telescope inching screw: causes the telescope to do inching rotation in the vertical direction.

Micro-screw of leveling tube of vertical dial indicator: adjust the vertical dial indicator to the correct position.

Shaft seat fixing screw: fix the sight parts.