What are the methods and techniques to identify the authenticity of ancient jade?

The so-called ancient jade, most of which was once in the ground and was excavated out of the jade, the history is relatively long, and the value of the collection is also very high, so for this you know how to identify the authenticity of ancient jade? Here is what I organized for you to identify the authenticity of ancient jade, I hope to help you.

1, jade has been widely used in jade materials, mainly white jade, green jade, topaz, jasper, xiuyan jade, and so on, and the current forgeries have a considerable portion of the use of the newly developed stone, mineral material, or with yellow xiuyan fake topaz. In practice, it is important to understand and distinguish the difference between genuine and fake jade materials, and the difference between old and new materials of the same kind.

2. To recognize the basic structural characteristics of various jade materials, and to know the hardness, the unevenness of density and the permeability of jade materials. After mastering the basic characteristics of jade materials, we will be able to analyze the ancient jade in a specific environment and conditions, the length of time of burial, the impact on the jade itself should be caused by what oxidation and corrosion characteristics, and to master the evolution process of its various characteristics of the law. The fake is not based on the characteristics of the material, nor based on the various features of the real thing, but only imitated according to the surface effect of the real thing, violating the natural oxidation and evolution of the law, and there is an essential difference with the real thing.

3. To grasp the aging characteristics of the material aspect of genuine jade. This phenomenon of aging by erosion and the use of new materials or old remnants of fakes for re-cutting and grinding process, the new process exposed after the formation of the surface will produce a significant color difference or destruction of the original layer of oxidized skin.

4. The distinction between jade materials should not be taken as the basis for determining the authenticity of a jade object, because what has been used since ancient times is the same material that has been formed over millions of years, and in the identification of forgeries, only the recognition of the material can be taken as the basis for identifying the forgeries on the basis of a single recommendation, and if the difference in the material is not effectively recognized, the search for evidence of difference in the authenticity of the forgeries should be continued in other areas.

5. At present, the forgeries use some extremely poor quality and low-priced jade miscellaneous color materials or stone nature of serious secondary materials for forgery, and then artificially strengthen the corrosion after shaping, resulting in the formation of extremely thick oxidized corrosive skin on the surface of the jade. This skin layer is easy to peel off and there is no clean and moist texture after peeling off. This kind of flowery mixed-color material is not used in ancient jade, but is only a kind of stone material used by modern cheaters.

6, to recognize and master the jade painting style and performance style, and master the structural characteristics of the jade modeling style of each era. In the identification of counterfeiting, some jade can be confirmed from the modeling structure of the true and false, but some high imitation fakes are extremely difficult to identify. In this case, it is necessary to search for evidence of the difference between the real and the fake from other aspects. Since the style of folk jade is extremely odd and complex, it is not possible to decide its authenticity by the style of the vessel, but only as a reference for the judgment of the feeling effect.

7. Jade art is a perfect combination of craftsmanship and fine art, and ancient jade perfectly reflects the effect of craftsmanship. And the fakes have obvious defects and deficiencies in this regard, either the structure and shape of the beauty of the craftsmanship and technical abrasion can not achieve this effect, or the craft design is defective.

8. We must admit that the degree of mechanization will inevitably affect the quality and standard of the craftsmanship of the product to varying degrees. From ancient times to the present manufacture of jade equipment technology and tools and materials in the continuous reform and development to improve, so different historical periods have produced different technical characteristics of the process. When we grasp the basic characteristics of the real thing, we will recognize which parts of the modern fakes are not the right process, and which process technology grinding defects.

To realize that the processing of jade from ancient times to the present day has always been utilized in a semi-manual, semi-mechanized manner, in practice it is necessary to analyze the effects of the process, which is caused by the performance of the mechanical equipment itself, and which is caused by the instability of human manual operation, and to differentiate between authenticity and forgery in this regard. On the other hand, it is necessary to have the ability to recognize the differences in the level of grinding of jade workers caused by certain process effects, to break through the fakes of intentional manufacturing process errors or certain technical defects in the process, and to compare the differences between the true and the false parts of the jade craft dead ends.

The difference between the materials used in modern processing tools and the composition of abrasive materials and the traditional ones has resulted in a marked difference in the craftsmanship of grinding in terms of decorative lines. This difference is caused by the equipment tools and materials, not modern equipment can be imitated. Ancient jade processing and grinding mainly used the free sand type of grinding, which is significantly different from the fixed grinding type of molded jade used in modern counterfeits. It is necessary to grasp the law of ancient jade in the process of grinding procedure in the past generations, as well as the characteristic law of various technological means of processing, and to compare which parts of the procedure and means of processing of the forgeries have differences.

9. To understand the means and techniques of counterfeiting, and to grasp the characteristics of the various process effects imitated by counterfeits with modern equipment and techniques. To analyze and master the difference between the glass light effect of the real and fake jade, as well as the difference between the general bright jade, and analyze the difference between the technology and material in terms of light and the principle that causes this difference, so as to distinguish the difference between the real and fake brightness effect.

10, successive generations of ancient jade commonly cochineal and with the phenomenon of color material jade, but this material in the original basis and experience long-term underground environment of the erosion, resulting in local color material parts were the first oxidation and corrosion, it is necessary to grasp the characteristics of the law in this regard.

Most of the oxidized and eroded parts of the jade are caused by the poor hardness, density and corrosion resistance of a certain part of the jade, especially due to the internal stress caused by the jade cracks, this state will be the first to be penetrated or eroded, which is structurally different from the fake effects artificially created by the fakes. Modern forgeries make use of color materials and dirty edges to fake the oxidation of jade, especially by using the oxidized stone skin of the material itself, and this kind of counterfeiting has become the most important means of imitation at present. In fact, the hardness, density structure and color difference of such fake parts are essentially different from the real ones, and it is necessary to identify which ones are fakes imitated by color materials and natural oxidized skins, and which ones are really corroded and percolated. The real ancient jade no matter which oxidation corrosion percolation will produce hardness change, color difference change, penetration transition and other phenomena, and fakes artificially created obvious penetration phenomenon, hardness change, color difference and transition and other phenomena. In the extensive practice of mastering the authentic oxidation corrosion percolation characteristics of the law, on the basis of which to distinguish which is man-made to strengthen the forgery, which is the real corrosion of jade percolation.

11. Master the main features of raw pit jade. The so-called raw pit jade pointed out that after the soil has not carried out any Qingzao processing, the jade itself adheres to the reliable identification methods are: look, listen, test. Look, mainly to see the transparency of the crystal, the real jade transparency is strong, greasy luster; listen, the real jade sound crisp, and vice versa sound muffled; test, the real jade from the glass scratched, leaving scratches on the glass, while the jade itself is not damaged at all. Common fake jade has plastic, coloring glass, cloud stone (marble), electric color fake jade to jade powder and crystal with brine made of synthetic class with nitrate imitation of jade and other different methods of forgery, the means of identification are different. The texture of plastic is lighter than jade, poor hardness, generally also easy to recognize. Coloring off-duty is also easy to distinguish. As long as you get the light or sunlight to check, you will see a lot of air bubbles inside the glass. What is more difficult to distinguish is the electric color fake jade, which is intended to be plated to give the inferior jade a beautiful emerald green appearance, and it is easy to mistake it for the real jade. It is easy to mistake it for real jade. At this point, you need to look carefully, if there are some small cracks in the green with blue on top, it is fake jade. Because the plating will leave cracks, connoisseurs called ? Spider claws? It is also said that the electric color fake jade placed in hot oil, plating color will fade, but also its original face. Synthetic jades made of jade powder and crystals with brine are imitations of dark-colored old pit jades. The identification method is very simple, i.e. they have different specific gravity. Natural jade has a specific gravity of 3.3-3.4, while synthetic jade has a specific gravity of only 2.8, which can be identified by weighing it in the hand, or weighing it with a balance. Jade imitations made with nitrate look whiter and more lustrous than jade. As the old saying goes: "Jade with nitrate must be high. Jade should be like nitrate, but it must be high. That is, white jade should be like nitrate, before it is considered high grade. Visible, nitrate and jade is difficult to distinguish. However, the real and the fake are different. As far as color is concerned, white jade is often greenish in white, and very few are pure white, while nitrate is pure white. In terms of the nature of jade, jade is warm and delicate, such as grease and cream, although the nitrate is also warm and moist, glistening in the inevitable thief light. White jade is a natural product, the body is difficult to all uniform and consistent, within the jade tendons, jade flowers. Nitrate for artificial production, there is no such phenomenon. White jade solid texture, no bubbles can be found. Nitrate processing again good, there are often bubbles, gas eyes exposed.

How to maintain common jade

1, avoid contact with hard objects, prevent collision

Jade is actually afraid of falling, even after the collision of the appearance does not appear to break meteorites, but in the interior of the jade in fact, there has been a small cracks, which greatly undermines the economic value of the jade and aesthetic.

2. Avoid contact with dust and chemicals

Avoid contact with dust and chemicals. Jade is love? It is a clean jade. It should not come into contact with chemicals to avoid erosion and damage to the jade.

3. Avoid direct sunlight

When exposed to direct sunlight for too long, the molecules of jade will be damaged and the quality of jade will be affected. The same applies to heat, so jade should not be kept in places that are too hot.

4. Maintain a certain degree of humidity

Jade contains moisture, which makes it look moisturized. To protect the moisture in jade, you should not place jade in a place that is too dry.

5. Clean with a white cloth

If you use a colored cloth to wipe the jade, the color of the cloth may stain the jade. Also note that the cloth should be clean and soft.

Appreciation and collection of high antique jade

Sense of texture and taste of ancient jade

The first step is to identify the material of high antique jade. High-antique jade material, mainly from Xinjiang Hetian jade (Note: In ancient times, people called Hetian jade for Hetian jade), most of the material taken from the riverbed in the seed material or mountain stream material, these two kinds of jade material because of stripping the deposits for a long time, in a different external environment, its own has been formed in the jade skin and Qin all the impurities and will be removed to retain only the essence of the part of the jade, the crystalline and clean, warm pure and thick texture, so that the high antique jade more add a noble quality. It has a crystalline, glossy, warm, pure and thick texture, which adds a noble quality to the high antique jade.

Nowadays, the mining of Hetian jade is difficult, and its price has become very expensive, while the counterfeiters of high antique jade often use Qinghai jade, Jingbai jade or Russian jade as counterfeits out of consideration of the cost and processing difficulty. These jades either lack hardness or the warmth and greasiness of Hetian jade. In addition, Hetian jade is denser and heavier than ordinary jade, and there is a sense of falling in the hands.

More than the form to recognize the ancient jade

The second is the form of high antique jade. Due to the very low productivity in ancient times, the carving of jade can only be used to grind jade sand. The high hardness of Hetian jade, it is impossible to carve into with a knife, it is used ? thallium tools? The ancient jade objects were made by grinding jade with thalassotherapy sand in an emery machine. Therefore, every era of high antique jade has its own morphological characteristics. For example, there are animal-shaped jades and geometrically decorated jades from the Hongshan Culture. Animal-shaped jade can be divided into real animals and fantasy animals, such as jade birds, double-dragon head jade Juan, beast-shaped jade, jade turtles, fish-shaped pendants, jade ospreys, etc.; fantasy animals such as beast-shaped jade and jade dragons, beast-shaped penannular jade pieces and so on. Geometric jade ornaments include: hook cloud-shaped jade pendant, horseshoe-shaped jade hoop, square round edge like edge of jade jade jade, double jade jade jade, triple jade jade, rod-shaped jade and so on. The most representative jade artifact of the Hongshan culture period is the carved jade dragon, which is white and green in color, with a curled body resembling the character "C", a kiss stretched out in front, a tightly closed mouth, a flush nose, protruding eyes, and a fine square grid pattern engraved on the forehead and the bottom of the jaw, with a long hyena curling upwards on the neck ridge, the edge cut diagonally to form a sharp edge with a sharp end, and a tail curved inward with a rounded end, and a pair of rounded holes in its back, which could be used to wear and hang it. The Liangzhu culture has more types of jade artifacts, typical artifacts include jade cong, jade jade jade bik, jade battle-axe, trident-shaped jade artifacts and strings of jade necklaces, and so on. Liangzhu jade objects are large in size and appear to be deep and rigorous. These forms are all ways and means of identifying high antique jade

Reading Ancient Jade by Looking at the Carving Techniques

The carvings of ancient jade in China were no more than yin carvings, yang carvings, bas-relief carvings, round carvings, and openwork carvings. These techniques were already matured in the Hongshan culture, but these same techniques had their own individuality in each dynasty. Due to the influence of the production tools of the time, each era had a certain way of processing jade, and certain characteristics emerged. During the high antique jade period, it took years to process a fine piece of jade, and it was very difficult for later generations to imitate it into a god-like jade.

For example, the Shijiahe culture's ground-reducing yang line, Yinshang's double-hooked proposed yang line, the Western Zhou's one-sided slope yin line, the Han Dynasty's hair carving of the traveler's hair, the Han eight-knife faceting, and so on. Especially the Han eight knife craft, really? Eight knife work? , are under the? Knife? Both accurate and ruthless, starting knife closing knife, clean, and more for? Slanting knife? That is, one side shallow, one side deep. The modern process is to use high-speed rotation of the carving machine, due to the different rotational speeds, certainly in the processed jade left different traces, especially the negative carving line, etc. is particularly obvious. Line grooves on both sides of the edge of the ? Bursting knife hair? Phenomenon, most of the modern machinists.

Check the pulp recognition of ancient jade

Pulp is a layer of crust, is the surface of the object due to oxidation of the formation of the natural protective layer. Human touch and play can also form the pulp, but with the natural pulp is fundamentally different. Man-made mortar is oil stains and other debris cohesion, and then by the synthesis to form the real meaning of the mortar. Natural mortar is a kind of substance transformed into another kind of substance by oxidation, which is a natural quality change layer, a sign left by the years, and an unforgeable age mark. The real antique jade is characterized by a strong sense of age, longevity and authenticity.

The formation of pulp is due to the change of temperature, jade due to? Sweating? And produce endocrine phenomenon, a long period of time week after week condensed in the jade surface of a protective film. All the unearthed Hongshan culture ancient jade, regardless of unearthed in any age, regardless of percolation to what extent, a little rubbing pulp that is revealed, where no pulp of the Hongshan culture jade can not be recognized as authentic.

Observe the color of ancient jade

The reason why the ancient jade can move people's hearts? The reason why the ancient jade can move people's hearts is that it is dormant in the ground. This change is called the ancients? Qin color?

The percolation of antique jade is a natural phenomenon, which is fundamentally different from artificial coloring. Natural percolation should be produced by chance, and in this natural color produced by chance, one finds a chance color composition. The seeping makes the high jade colorful, and she gives a new life to the ancient jade.

Since percolation is influenced by ? Yin and Yang? The two lights of the sun and the moon? Often a piece of high antique jade because of the percolation color beauty and the value of the sudden increase of a hundred times, and a variety of percolation color has also become an important means of identification of ancient jade.